本文選題：戒煙 + 吸煙�。� 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景：吸煙是當(dāng)今世界人類健康的最大威脅，據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織估計，全球每年死于與吸煙有關(guān)疾病的人數(shù)達(dá)500萬，預(yù)計到2030年全球因煙草致死的人數(shù)將達(dá)到800萬，當(dāng)前吸煙者中的50%（6.5億）將會因各種煙草相關(guān)疾病而早亡，加上二手煙導(dǎo)致的疾病，，到本世紀(jì)末，將有10億人因煙草導(dǎo)致的相關(guān)疾病而死亡。我國目前煙草引起的死亡人數(shù)超過肺結(jié)核、瘧疾、生產(chǎn)和圍產(chǎn)期并發(fā)癥狀及艾滋病死亡的總和。為了控制煙草帶來的危害，開展控?zé)煿ぷ饕呀?jīng)是合肥市當(dāng)前重要任務(wù)。了解合肥市居民吸煙、戒煙現(xiàn)狀，研究其影響因素，探索出降低居民吸煙率、提高戒煙率的有效途徑已經(jīng)成為合肥市控?zé)熯^程中需要迫切解決的問題。目的：了解合肥市居民吸煙、戒煙的現(xiàn)狀，探索合肥市居民吸煙和戒煙意愿的影響因素，為合肥市今后更好開展居民戒煙活動，降低居民的吸煙率以及制定相關(guān)控?zé)熣咛峁┛茖W(xué)依據(jù)。方法：選擇合肥市蜀山區(qū)和廬陽區(qū)的四個街道，調(diào)查年齡在15歲及以上并在合肥市居住半年以上的居民，采用浙江大學(xué)中國公共衛(wèi)生控?zé)熌芰ㄔO(shè)項目組編制的調(diào)查問卷，問卷調(diào)查以自填方式為主。運用EpiData3.1建立數(shù)據(jù)庫，雙錄入并檢錯，使用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計軟件分析。研究資料的分析方法主要析包括一般性描述分析、卡方檢驗和回歸分析法。 結(jié)果：合肥市居民吸煙率為36.02%，現(xiàn)在吸煙率為32.04%，男性現(xiàn)在吸煙率為50.09%，女性吸現(xiàn)在煙率為5.2%，合肥市居民平均每天吸17.1支卷煙，有58.62%的煙民在禁煙的公共場所吸過煙；Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示煙民的家庭的禁煙規(guī)定情況、單位禁煙規(guī)定情況及看到煙草廣告的情況與其吸煙行為有關(guān)，而禁煙標(biāo)識是影響煙民在公共場所吸煙行為因素之一；86.21%的煙民吸食20元以下的卷煙，其中43.79%的煙民表示，如煙草價格提高，他們會減少吸煙；合肥市煙民戒煙率為11.04%，目前有47.24%的現(xiàn)在吸煙者打算戒煙；Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示煙民的年齡、吸煙年數(shù)、戒煙次數(shù)、煙癮、意識煙草危害情況與其是否打算戒煙有關(guān)。 結(jié)論：①合肥市禁煙規(guī)定缺乏強(qiáng)制性，導(dǎo)致煙民隨意在公共場所吸煙，②家庭、單位全面禁煙可降低居民吸煙行為；③強(qiáng)烈刺激的煙草負(fù)面宣傳，可減少煙民的吸煙行為，提高其戒煙傾向；④煙民戒煙效果不佳，戒煙服務(wù)可及性差；⑤合肥市控?zé)熈Χ炔粔颍用裎鼰熉势摺?建議：①運用綜合性的手段，促使更多家庭、單位開展全面禁煙活動，降低居民吸煙率；②廣泛在公共場所張貼禁煙標(biāo)識，減少煙民在公共場所的吸煙行為；③有效的開展控?zé)熜麄�，提高居民戒煙意愿，并提供可及性的戒煙服�?wù)
[Abstract]:Background: smoking is the greatest threat to human health in the world today. The World Health Organization estimates that 5 million people die from smoking-related diseases every year in the world, and it is expected that 8 million people will die from tobacco in the world by 2030. Fifty percent (650 million) of current smokers will die prematurely from various tobacco-related diseases, plus diseases caused by secondhand smoke. By the end of this century, 1 billion people will die from tobacco-related diseases. Tobacco-related deaths in China now outnumber tuberculosis, malaria, birth and perinatal complications and AIDS combined. In order to control the harm caused by tobacco, tobacco control is an important task in Hefei. To understand the smoking and smoking cessation status of Hefei residents, to study the influencing factors, to explore the effective ways to reduce the smoking rate and to improve the smoking cessation rate have become the urgent problems to be solved in the process of smoking control in Hefei City. Objective: to understand the current situation of smoking and smoking cessation among residents in Hefei, and to explore the influencing factors of smoking and smoking cessation intention of residents in Hefei, so as to better carry out smoking cessation activities in Hefei in the future. To reduce the smoking rate of residents and formulate relevant tobacco control policies to provide scientific basis. Methods: four streets in Shushan District and Luyang District of Hefei City were selected to investigate the residents aged 15 and above who lived in Hefei for more than half a year. The questionnaire was compiled by China Public Health capacity Building Project of Zhejiang University. The questionnaire was mainly self-filled. EpiData3.1 was used to establish database, double input and error detection, SPSS 16.0 statistical software analysis. The analysis methods include general description analysis, chi-square test and regression analysis. Results: the smoking rate of Hefei residents was 36.02, the smoking rate was 32.044, the male smoking rate was 50.09 and the female smoking rate was 5.2. The average smoking rate of Hefei residents was 17.1 cigarettes per day. 58.62% of the smokers had smoked cigarettes in non-smoking public places. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the smoking regulation of the smoker's family, the situation of the unit smoking ban and the tobacco advertisement were related to the smoking behavior, and the smoking ban sign was one of the factors influencing the smokers' smoking behavior in the public place. 86.21% smokers smoked cigarettes with less than 20 yuan, 43.79% of them said that if the price of tobacco increased, they would reduce their smoking, the smoking cessation rate of smokers in Hefei was 11.04%, and 47.24% of current smokers planned to give up smoking. Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, the number of years of smoking, the number of times of quitting, the addiction, the awareness of the harmful situation of tobacco were related to whether they intended to quit smoking or not. Conclusion the lack of compulsory smoking ban in Hefei leads to smoking in public places at random. The total ban on smoking in units can reduce the negative tobacco propaganda and reduce the smoking behavior of smokers. The effect of smoking cessation was not good, the smoking control was not enough and the smoking rate of residents was on the high side in Hefei. It is suggested that the use of comprehensive measures to promote more families and units to carry out a comprehensive anti-smoking activities, reduce the smoking rate of residents. 2 widely put up no smoking signs in public places, reduce smoking behavior of smokers in public places; 3. Effectively carry out tobacco control publicity, improve residents' willingness to quit smoking, and provide accessible smoking cessation services
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R163

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