本文選題：代孕 + 代理孕母　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：代孕作為人工輔助生殖技術(shù)的一項手段，其一誕生，便對世界各國的倫理道德、法律體系產(chǎn)生了強烈的沖擊，代孕技術(shù)發(fā)達的各國及地區(qū)對代孕是否應(yīng)合法化的爭論持續(xù)已久，并都在本國或地區(qū)的法律中體現(xiàn)了出來。我國代孕技術(shù)雖在20世紀80年代才出現(xiàn)，起步較晚，可是卻在短短十多年間突飛猛進。就在2001年我國衛(wèi)生部做出了重大舉措，發(fā)布了《人類輔助生殖技術(shù)管理辦法》和《人類輔助生殖技術(shù)規(guī)范》兩個行政規(guī)章，在上述行政規(guī)章中均明確了對代孕的禁止態(tài)度，我國官方對之所以作出全面禁止代孕的規(guī)定的解釋：一是禁止代孕僅僅涉及極少部分人的利益，不會對多數(shù)人造成影響；二是代孕會帶來諸多問題，不禁止，一旦出現(xiàn)問題將難以解決。然而鑒于代孕技術(shù)對于人類醫(yī)學(xué)史上的重要意義，以及其他各國對于代孕的立法態(tài)度不斷理性化，還考慮到我國尚屬于處于代孕立法的起步期，因此衛(wèi)生部出臺的相關(guān)政策并未經(jīng)過深思熟慮及客觀論證。具體體現(xiàn)兩方面：其一，所出臺政策效力過低，僅從行政規(guī)章的層面進行規(guī)制，而法律層面上卻仍是真空狀態(tài)；其二，我國目前不孕不育的婦女呈現(xiàn)日益增多的趨勢，迫于傳統(tǒng)觀念的影響，現(xiàn)實中的代孕現(xiàn)象頻現(xiàn)，代孕并沒有因法律的禁止而偃旗息鼓，反而是在半明半暗的夾縫中，呈現(xiàn)出蓬勃發(fā)展的態(tài)勢。對其法律規(guī)制的缺乏，引發(fā)了諸多損害婦女權(quán)益，侵犯孩子利益的新情況。僅僅因代孕存在“副作用”，就一概予以禁止的做法，顯然弊大于利。由此可見，只有對代孕進行合乎實際的法律規(guī)制，才能盡量減少不必要的糾紛和矛盾，最大程度地發(fā)揮其為人類服務(wù)的功效。由于法律上的空缺，使得因代孕出現(xiàn)的道德、法律和經(jīng)濟問題愈演愈烈。因此，只有在我國法律層面上對代孕合同制定行之有效的規(guī)定，才能在兼顧倫理道德和廣大群眾實際需要的情況下，讓代孕技術(shù)發(fā)揮其最大的積極作用。 本文從代孕合同的正當(dāng)性、各國立法的比較法分析來論證代孕的合理存在性和合法化必要性，共分三部分： 第一部分，從人性需要的角度，分析了作為一項造福人類的輔助生殖技術(shù)，代孕和道德倫理上的矛盾是可以調(diào)解的，并證明了代孕符合人類的價值觀取向；闡述了代孕合同的權(quán)利基礎(chǔ)，，從生育權(quán)和身體權(quán)的角度證明了代孕合同在法理上的合理性,生育權(quán)和身體權(quán)非有法定理由、非經(jīng)法定程序不能任意剝奪，從而闡釋了代孕合同合法性的權(quán)利基礎(chǔ)； 第二部分，具體闡述了各國家及地區(qū)的代孕立法態(tài)度和立法現(xiàn)狀，并從中總結(jié)出對我國代孕合同立法的一些啟示，并確認了代孕行為的有限合法性，這是進一步解決由代孕產(chǎn)生的具體問題的前提； 第三部分，分析了我國現(xiàn)行立法的成功與不足，從實證主義的視野再次論證了代孕行為的合法性，并認為從立法上的絕對禁止，到有限度的開放代孕行為，部分地承認其合法性，乃是世界各國立法的大勢所趨。對我國代孕合同合法化進程中的立法原則及制度設(shè)計提出了建議。
[Abstract]:As a means of artificial assisted reproductive technology , the birth of surrogate pregnancy has produced a strong impact on the ethics and legal system of all countries in the world .
Second , surrogate pregnancy brings many problems , it is not forbidden , once the problem will be difficult to solve . However , in view of the important significance of surrogate technology in the history of human medicine , and other countries ' changing legislation attitude towards surrogate pregnancy , the relevant policies issued by the Ministry of Health have not been considered deeply and objectively .
Second , there is an increasing trend of women ' s infertility in our country , which is due to the influence of the traditional concept , the occurrence frequency of surrogate pregnancy in reality is not prohibited by law . Instead , it is a new situation that can minimize unnecessary disputes and conflicts . It is obvious that only the legal regulation of surrogate pregnancy can minimize unnecessary disputes and contradictions , so as to minimize unnecessary disputes and contradictions , so as to minimize unnecessary disputes and conflicts . Therefore , it is only necessary to make effective regulations on the contract of surrogate pregnancy on the legal level of our country , so as to give birth control technology the greatest positive role in the consideration of ethics and the actual needs of the broad masses .

Based on the legitimacy of the contract of surrogate pregnancy and the comparative analysis of national legislation , this article demonstrates the rational existence and legalization of surrogate pregnancy , which is divided into three parts :

In the first part , from the angle of human nature ' s needs , the author analyzes the contradiction between the assistant reproduction technology , the surrogate pregnancy and the moral ethics as a benefit man , and proves that the surrogate pregnancy accords with the human ' s value orientation ;
The article expounds the right foundation of the contract of surrogate pregnancy , from the point of view of the right of birth and body , it is proved that the rationality , the right of birth and the right of the body are not legally justified , and the legal procedure cannot be arbitrarily deprived , so as to explain the right foundation of the legality of the contract of surrogate pregnancy ;


In the second part , the legislation attitude and legislation status of surrogate pregnant women in various countries and regions are elaborated , and some inspiration to the legislation of surrogate pregnancy in China is summarized , and the limited legitimacy of the act of surrogate pregnancy is confirmed , which is the premise of further solving the specific problems caused by surrogate pregnancy ;


The third part , analyses the success and shortage of current legislation in our country , demonstrates the legality of the act of surrogate pregnancy again from the view of positivist view , and thinks that the absolute prohibition from the legislation , to the limited open generation act , partly acknowledges its legitimacy , is the trend of the national legislation of the world .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R173;D923.6

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