本文選題：非電離輻射 + 人居環(huán)境�。� 參考：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的本文旨在監(jiān)測(cè)重慶市市區(qū)人居環(huán)境的電磁輻射水平，為有關(guān)部門制定科學(xué)有效的防護(hù)措施和相關(guān)衛(wèi)生政策提供參考依據(jù)。 方法按照HJ/T10.2-1996《輻射環(huán)境保護(hù)管理導(dǎo)則—電磁輻射監(jiān)測(cè)儀器和方法》、HJ/T10.3-1996《輻射環(huán)境保護(hù)管理導(dǎo)則—電磁輻射環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)方法和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》、GB9175-88《環(huán)境電磁波衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》、GB8702-88《電磁輻射防護(hù)規(guī)定》和DL/T988-2005《高按照壓交流架空送電線路、變電站工頻電場(chǎng)和磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量方法》的要求和方法測(cè)量：（1）住宅樓外環(huán)境綜合場(chǎng)強(qiáng)及功率密度；（2）住宅樓內(nèi)各樓層(電梯口、樓梯間及樓頂)的電磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度；（3）室內(nèi)客廳電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度和磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度，測(cè)量狀態(tài)分為三種，分別為，狀態(tài)A——電器未開啟，人體處于站姿狀態(tài)；狀態(tài)B——電器開啟，人體處于站姿狀態(tài)；狀態(tài)C——電器開啟，人體處于坐姿狀態(tài)、；（4）110kV高壓線周圍的環(huán)境綜合電磁強(qiáng)度。 結(jié)果（1）本次調(diào)查中，，所測(cè)量重慶市的五個(gè)區(qū)住宅樓外100kHz～3GHz電磁波的綜合電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度測(cè)量結(jié)果未超過國家環(huán)境衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一級(jí)安全區(qū)限值。C區(qū)和E區(qū)的復(fù)合功率密度所測(cè)得的個(gè)別值已超標(biāo)。（2）在1MHz～40GHz頻段，四棟住宅樓樓內(nèi)綜合場(chǎng)強(qiáng)最高值為17.18V/m，已接近GB8702-88《電磁輻射防護(hù)規(guī)定》的公眾照射導(dǎo)出限值，且各樓層間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05）；在5Hz～1kHz頻段，不同住宅樓樓內(nèi)綜合場(chǎng)強(qiáng)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P＞0.05），而臨近高壓線的住宅樓樓頂綜合場(chǎng)強(qiáng)明顯高于其它小區(qū)樓頂，以及同一棟樓其它樓層的綜合場(chǎng)強(qiáng)（P均＜0.005），并且該樓各樓層的磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度明顯高于其它三棟住宅樓各樓層的磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度（P＜0.005）。（3）100kHz~3GHz頻段電磁波的功率密度未超過《環(huán)境電磁波衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求，100kHz~3GHz頻段的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度接近衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一級(jí)安全區(qū)限值；5Hz~1kHz和1kHz~100kHz頻段，站立狀態(tài)下，電器開啟時(shí)的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度高于未開啟時(shí)的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度（P0.05）；5Hz~1kHz頻段，電器開啟時(shí)，站姿電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度高于坐姿電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度（P0.01）；1MHz～40GHz頻段的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度值接近國際非電離輻射防護(hù)委員會(huì)（ICNIRP)《時(shí)變電場(chǎng)、磁場(chǎng)和電磁場(chǎng)暴露限值導(dǎo)則》中的限值。（4）在5Hz~1kHz頻段，110kV高壓線周圍六個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度、磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度的最高值分別為1766.68V/m、0.49μT，均低于ICNIRP的公眾暴露標(biāo)準(zhǔn)5kV/m、100μT；臨近高壓線的居民樓樓頂?shù)碾妶?chǎng)強(qiáng)度為范圍629.50~635.60V/m，明顯高于其他樓層（P＜0.005）；高壓線下1.7米高度處的不同監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)，距頭頂高壓線近處電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度1341.01~1396.02V/m（高壓線距地11.15m）高于遠(yuǎn)處的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度188.90~191.20V/m（高壓線距地18.99m）（P＜0.005）；鄰近街道的功率密度個(gè)別值超標(biāo)，最大值達(dá)22.90μW／cm2。 結(jié)論（1）本調(diào)查中樓外、樓內(nèi)、室內(nèi)及高壓線的環(huán)境電磁輻射水平除個(gè)別值外，未超出國家相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限制。（2）不同樓層電磁輻射水平與極低頻輻射源的分布有關(guān)。家用電器的使用對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境電磁輻射貢獻(xiàn)較大。未發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)環(huán)境電磁輻射水平與家用電器總功率之間存在相關(guān)性。（3）高壓線、建筑材料、建筑布局、線纜布置對(duì)環(huán)境電磁輻射水平有影響，其中，高壓線對(duì)臨近建筑物內(nèi)電磁輻射水平貢獻(xiàn)大。（4）高壓線的架設(shè)方式等對(duì)高壓線產(chǎn)生的電磁輻射水平有影響。高壓輸電線的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度和磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度均隨距離的增大而減小。（5）城市人居環(huán)境中電磁波多為低強(qiáng)度、混合射頻波，其中極低頻（0Hz~100kHz）電磁波占有重要地位。
[Abstract]:Objective the purpose of this paper is to monitor the electromagnetic radiation level of human living environment in Chongqing City, and provide reference for relevant departments to formulate scientific and effective protection measures and relevant health policies.
Methods according to HJ/T10.2-1996< radiation environmental protection management guidelines - electromagnetic radiation monitoring instruments and methods >, HJ/T10.3-1996< radiation environmental protection management guidelines - electromagnetic radiation environmental impact assessment methods and Standards > GB9175-88< environmental electromagnetic wave hygienic standard > GB8702-88< electromagnetic radiation protection regulations > DL/T988-2005< high pressure AC frame The requirements and methods of power frequency electric field and magnetic field measurement method for substations are measured and measured: (1) comprehensive field strength and power density outside the residential building environment; (2) the electromagnetic field intensity of each floor (elevator, staircase and roof) in the residential building; (3) the electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity of the indoor living room are divided into three kinds, respectively, state A The electric appliance is not opened, the human body is in the standing position state; the state B - the electric appliance is opened, the body is in the standing position state; the state C - the electric appliance is opened, the body is in the sitting position, and (4) the comprehensive electromagnetic intensity around the 110kV high pressure line.
Results (1) in this survey, the measurement results of the comprehensive electric field intensity of 100kHz ~ 3GHz electromagnetic wave outside the residential buildings of five residential buildings in Chongqing did not exceed the specific values of the composite power density of the limit value.C zone and E area of the national environmental hygiene standard first class safety zone. (2) the comprehensive field strength in the four residential buildings in the 1MHz to 40GHz frequency band. The maximum value is 17.18V/m, which is close to the public exposure limit of GB8702-88< electromagnetic radiation protection regulations, and there is no statistical significance between each floor (P > 0.05). There is no statistical significance (P > 0.05) in the comprehensive field strength of different residential buildings in the 5Hz to 1kHz frequency band, and the comprehensive field strength of the roof of the residential building near the near high pressure line is obviously higher than that of the other The roof of the district and the integrated field strength of the other floor of the same building (P < 0.005), and the magnetic field intensity of each floor of the building is obviously higher than that of the other three building floors (P < 0.005). (3) the power density of the electromagnetic wave in the 100kHz~3GHz frequency band does not exceed the requirements of the environmental electromagnetic wave health standard, and the electric field of the 100kHz~3GHz band is strong. The degree is close to the limit of the first level safety zone of the health standard; the electric field strength of the 5Hz~1kHz and 1kHz~100kHz frequency band is higher than that of the unopened electric field strength (P0.05) when the electric appliance is opened; when the 5Hz~1kHz band is opened, the strength of the standing electric field is higher than that of the sitting position (P0.01); the electric field intensity of the 1MHz to 40GHz frequency band is close to the international non The limit value of the Ionizing Radiation Protection Commission (ICNIRP) < time variable electric field, magnetic field and electromagnetic field exposure guideline > (4) the electric field intensity of six monitoring points around the 5Hz~1kHz band and the 110kV high voltage line, the maximum magnetic field intensity is 1766.68V/m, 0.49 mu T respectively, lower than ICNIRP's public exposure standard 5kV/m, 100 mu T; residents near the high pressure line The electric field strength of the roof of the building is 629.50~635.60V/m, obviously higher than that of other floors (P < 0.005); the different monitoring points at the height of 1.7 meters below the high pressure line, the electric field intensity near the top of the top line of the head (high voltage line to ground 11.15m) are higher than the distance of the electric field intensity 188.90~191.20V/m (P < 0.005) in the distance (P < 0.005). The power density of the street exceeds the standard value with a maximum value of 22.90 W / cm2..
Conclusions (1) the ambient electromagnetic radiation levels in the buildings, indoor and high pressure lines are not beyond the limits of the national standards. (2) the electromagnetic radiation levels of different floors are related to the distribution of the extremely low frequency radiation sources. The use of household electrical appliances contributes greatly to the electromagnetism radiation of the indoor environment. There is a correlation between leveling and total power of household electrical appliances. (3) high voltage line, building material, building layout and cable arrangement have an influence on the level of electromagnetic radiation in the environment, in which the high voltage line contributes to the level of electromagnetic radiation near the building. (4) the erection mode of the high voltage line has an effect on the electromagnetic radiation level produced by the high voltage line. The intensity of the electric field and the intensity of the magnetic field all decrease with the increase of distance. (5) the electromagnetic waves in the urban living environment are mostly low intensity and mixed with radio frequency waves, in which the extremely low frequency (0Hz~100kHz) electromagnetic wave occupies an important position.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R142

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