本文選題：社區(qū) + 全科醫(yī)生�。� 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究意義： 煙草流行是世界上最嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生問題之一。吸煙危害人類的健康,是眾多疾病的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。醫(yī)生作為健康的維護(hù)者,在預(yù)防和控制煙草流行工作中起著重要作用。全科醫(yī)生作為基層醫(yī)療的主要執(zhí)行者,是社區(qū)人群預(yù)防煙草相關(guān)疾病的中堅(jiān)力量,也是我國開展控?zé)煾深A(yù)非常有力的實(shí)施者之一。但社區(qū)全科醫(yī)生的吸煙狀況如何,其控?zé)熜袨槟芰θ绾?影響其提供控?zé)熜袨榈南嚓P(guān)因素有哪些,目前此類的研究較少。本研究通過對(duì)上海市部分社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心的全科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查,了解、分析其吸煙狀況、控?zé)熜袨?分析兩者的關(guān)系,對(duì)降低社區(qū)全科醫(yī)生吸煙率、提高其控?zé)熞庾R(shí)和行為能力具有重要意義,同時(shí)也為社區(qū)全科醫(yī)生今后開展控?zé)煼⻊?wù)及為有關(guān)衛(wèi)生行政部門制定相關(guān)控?zé)熣咛峁┮罁?jù)。 研究目的： 了解上海市社區(qū)全科醫(yī)生的吸煙狀況及控?zé)熜袨?分析相關(guān)影響因素以及吸煙狀況及控?zé)熜袨榈年P(guān)系,為進(jìn)一步降低社區(qū)全科醫(yī)生吸煙率、提高其控?zé)熞庾R(shí)和行為能力提供參考依據(jù),也為今后開展社區(qū)控?zé)煼⻊?wù)及有關(guān)衛(wèi)生行政部門制定相關(guān)控?zé)熣咛峁┛茖W(xué)依據(jù)。 研究方法： 采用橫斷面調(diào)查的方法。 研究結(jié)果： 一、全科醫(yī)生吸煙狀況 1.一般情況：調(diào)查的全科醫(yī)生總吸煙率為17.4%,其中男性吸煙率為46.2%,男性現(xiàn)在吸煙率為33.3%,女性吸煙率為0.3%,女性現(xiàn)在吸煙率為0.0%。 2.不同因素對(duì)男性全科醫(yī)生吸煙狀況的影響：男性吸煙率明顯高于女性；本科及以上學(xué)歷者的男性吸煙率明顯低于中專和大專學(xué)歷者；不同年齡組的男性全科醫(yī)生吸煙率沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異；不同工作類別的男性吸煙率沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異；不同職稱的男性全科醫(yī)生吸煙率沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 二、全科醫(yī)生中男性經(jīng)常吸煙者吸煙狀況 1.煙齡吸煙年齡多開始于21-30歲,占56.4%,20歲及之前開始吸煙的占36.4%。煙齡最短5年,最長40年,平均為23年。 2.吸煙原因依次為吸煙習(xí)慣成自然,緩解工作壓力,社交需要和消磨時(shí)間。 3.平均吸煙量每天平均吸10支及以下占51.9%。 4.尼古丁依賴程度很低依賴程度的占52.7%。 5.戒煙及其使用方法目前已戒煙醫(yī)生人數(shù)為25人,戒煙率占28.7%,醫(yī)生的戒煙方法依次為依靠自我毅力、接受心理治療和使用藥物治療。 三、全科醫(yī)生提供控?zé)煼⻊?wù)行為的狀況 1.32.7%的全科醫(yī)生在工作中經(jīng)常主動(dòng)詢問患者吸煙情況；55.0%的全科醫(yī)生在工作中經(jīng)常勸誡患者戒煙；24.5%的全科醫(yī)生在工作中經(jīng)常詢問患者戒煙意愿； 2.全科醫(yī)生控?zé)煼⻊?wù)時(shí)間：在實(shí)際工作中,全科醫(yī)生提供控?zé)煼⻊?wù)時(shí)間多在3分鐘以下,占53.5%,認(rèn)為控?zé)煙煼⻊?wù)時(shí)間最可行是1-3分鐘,占33.5%。 3.全科醫(yī)生在工作中加入有關(guān)控?zé)煼⻊?wù)行為的意愿：絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)生(83.9%)愿意在工作中注意加入控?zé)煼⻊?wù)行為,現(xiàn)在不吸煙的全科醫(yī)生比現(xiàn)在吸煙者更愿意在日常工作中做控?zé)煿ぷ鳌?四、全科醫(yī)生吸煙狀況與其控?zé)熜袨榈年P(guān)系 在調(diào)查對(duì)象中,現(xiàn)在不吸煙者在有時(shí)或經(jīng)常進(jìn)行控?zé)熢儐�、建議、評(píng)估方面的比例高于現(xiàn)在吸煙者。 結(jié)論： 此次調(diào)查的全科醫(yī)生的吸煙率相比國外控?zé)煶晒Φ膰逸^高,全科醫(yī)生在詢問、建議、評(píng)估等控?zé)熜袨榉矫孢€不足,控?zé)煼⻊?wù)能力有待提高,有必要在政策上對(duì)其控?zé)煿ぷ饔枰宰銐虻闹С?針對(duì)性地對(duì)全科醫(yī)生進(jìn)行控?zé)熜麄鹘逃团嘤?xùn),降低其吸煙率,提高其控?zé)煹闹R(shí)、意識(shí)和技能,促進(jìn)控?zé)煿ぷ鞯拈_展。
[Abstract]:Research significance:
Tobacco epidemic is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. Smoking endangers human health and is an important risk factor for many diseases. As a healthy maintainer, doctors play an important role in preventing and controlling tobacco epidemic. As the chief executive of grass-roots medical care, the general practitioner is a community population prevention of tobacco related issues. The backbone of the disease is also one of the most powerful implementers of tobacco control in China. However, how the smoking status of the community general practitioners, how their smoking control ability is, what related factors affect the smoking control and the current research are less. This study has passed the whole community health service center in Shanghai. It is of great significance for the doctors to investigate, understand and analyze their smoking status, smoking control and analysis of the relationship between them. It is of great significance to reduce the smoking rate of community general practitioners and improve their smoking control awareness and behavior ability. It also provides a basis for the community general practitioners to carry out tobacco control and to formulate relevant policies for tobacco control in the health administration department.
The purpose of the study is:
To understand the smoking status and smoking control of community general practitioners in Shanghai, analyze the related factors and the relationship between smoking status and smoking control, to provide reference for further reducing the smoking rate of community general practitioners, improving their smoking control awareness and behavior ability, and also for the future development of community smoking control and health administrative department system. It provides a scientific basis for the policy of controlling tobacco control.
Research methods:
The method of cross-sectional investigation was adopted.
The results of the study:
First, the smoking status of the general practitioner
1. general situation: the total smoking rate of the general practitioner is 17.4%, of which the male smoking rate is 46.2%, the male current smoking rate is 33.3%, the female smoking rate is 0.3%, the female smoking rate is 0.0%. now.
2. the influence of different factors on the smoking status of the male general practitioner: the male smoking rate was significantly higher than that of the female; the male smoking rate of the undergraduate and above education was significantly lower than that of the secondary school and the junior college education; the smoking rate of the male general practitioners in different age groups was not statistically different; the smoking rate of the men in different work types was not statistically poor. There was no significant difference in smoking rates among male general practitioners with different professional titles.
Two, smoking status among male smokers in general practitioners
1. smoking age began at 21-30 years old, accounting for 56.4%, and 20 years old and before smoking accounted for 36.4%. for the shortest 5 years, the longest 40 years, with an average of 23 years.
2. the reason for smoking is natural habit of smoking, relieving work pressure, social needs and killing time.
3. the average smoking volume is 10 and 51.9%. per day.
4. nicotine dependence is very low, and the degree of dependence is 52.7%..
5. the number of smoking cessation and the use of smoking cessation doctors is 25, the rate of smoking cessation is 28.7%. The methods of smoking cessation by doctors are in turn by relying on self determination, receiving psychological treatment and using drug treatment.
Three, the status of a general practitioner to provide a smoking control
1.32.7% general practitioners often ask for smoking in their work; 55% of the general practitioners often advise patients to quit smoking; 24.5% of the general practitioners often ask the patient to quit smoking.
2. general practitioner smoking control time: in actual work, the general practitioner provides more than 3 minutes for tobacco control, accounting for 53.5%. The most feasible service time for tobacco control is 1-3 minutes, accounting for 33.5%.
3. general practitioners are willing to join the work of smoking control in their work: the overwhelming majority of doctors (83.9%) are willing to pay attention to the behavior of smoking control in their work, and the non smoking general practitioners are more willing to do tobacco control in their daily work than those who are now smokers.
Four, the relationship between smoking status and smoking behavior among general practitioners
Among the respondents, non-smokers sometimes ask for tobacco control inquiries at times or frequently, and the proportion of assessment is higher than that of current smokers.
Conclusion:
The smoking rate of the general practitioner in this survey is higher than that in the country with successful foreign tobacco control. The general practitioner is still inadequate in asking, recommending, assessing, and so on. The ability to control the tobacco control needs to be improved. It is necessary to support the tobacco control work adequately in policy and to educate and train the general practitioner. Reduce their smoking rate, improve their knowledge, awareness and skills of tobacco control, and promote the development of tobacco control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R163

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