本文選題：抗生素耐藥基因 + 空氣傳播�。� 參考：《環(huán)境與職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)》2015年09期

【摘要】：[背景]抗生素耐藥性的出現(xiàn)與蔓延已成為全球性的人類健康威脅,它常常與濫用和誤用臨床和獸醫(yī)的化學(xué)藥物聯(lián)系在一起�，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)規(guī)模的動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)操作很大程度上依賴于獸醫(yī)藥物,包括抗生素,以促進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長。由此產(chǎn)生的排泄物中的抗生素通過徑流、淋溶和土地中使用的糞肥而傳遞到環(huán)境中。然而,牲畜飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)空氣傳播的特征目前尚未經(jīng)研究。[目的]確定在何種程度上,抗生素、抗生素耐藥基因(ARG)和反芻動(dòng)物相關(guān)的微生物是通過大型肉牛飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)的顆粒物(PM)在空氣中擴(kuò)散的。[方法]收集10個(gè)肉牛飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)順風(fēng)和逆風(fēng)向的PM。提取PM后,使用高效液相色譜-串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法量化5種獸用抗生素,用靶向定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)量化ARG,并用16S r RNA基因擴(kuò)增和測(cè)序分析微生物群落多樣性。[結(jié)果]來源于牲畜飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)的氣載PM促進(jìn)了幾種獸用抗生素以及包含ARG的微生物群落的擴(kuò)散。下風(fēng)向緊鄰飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)的氣載PM中幾種抗生素的濃度范圍在0.5~4.6 mg/g PM。飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)下風(fēng)向收集的PM微生物群落中,與反芻動(dòng)物相關(guān)的類群變得豐富,并且與上風(fēng)向PM中的類別組合明顯不同。此外,與上風(fēng)向收集的PM相比,下風(fēng)向收集的PM中的抗四環(huán)素類抗生素基因編碼顯著更為豐富。[結(jié)論]來自牲畜飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)的經(jīng)風(fēng)擴(kuò)散的PM包含了抗生素、細(xì)菌和ARGs。
[Abstract]:Background the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance has become a global threat to human health, it is often associated with the abuse and misuse of clinical and veterinary chemical drugs. Modern industrial-scale animal feeding operations depend heavily on veterinary drugs, including antibiotics, to promote animal growth. Antibiotics in the resulting excreta are passed to the environment through runoff, leaching, and manure used in the land. However, the characteristics of air transmission in livestock farms have not been studied. [objective] to determine the extent to which antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) and ruminant related microorganisms spread in the air through particulate matter (PMM) in large beef cattle farms. [methods] 10 cattle farms were collected in the direction of downwind and headwind. After extracting PM, five animal antibiotics were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and ARGs were quantified by targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The microbial community diversity was analyzed by 16s r RNA gene amplification and sequencing. [results] Airborne PM from livestock farms promoted the diffusion of several veterinary antibiotics and microbial communities containing ARG. The concentration range of several antibiotics in airborne PM with downwind direction is 0.5 ~ 4.6 mg/g PM. In the PM microorganism community collected by wind direction under the farm, the groups related to ruminants became rich and different from the category combinations in the upper wind direction PM. In addition the gene encoding of tetracycline antibiotics in PM collected under wind direction was significantly richer than that in PM collected by upwind direction. [conclusion] the airborne PM from livestock farms contains antibiotics, bacteria and ARGs.
【分類號(hào)】：S859.796;R122
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本文編號(hào)：1949915