本文選題：烏魯木齊 + 腹瀉　； 參考：《新疆醫(yī)科大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的通過2010年7月～2011年6月對兩家哨點醫(yī)院的監(jiān)測初步獲得烏魯木齊腹瀉癥候群病人流行病學特征和腹瀉病原譜；探討當前可能引起腹瀉的主要病原微生物,為今后的監(jiān)測工作和疾病的防治提供一定的科學依據。方法選取新疆醫(yī)科大學第1附屬醫(yī)院和烏魯木齊市友誼醫(yī)院兩家哨點醫(yī)院,對2010年7月～2011年6月問在其監(jiān)測門診就診的腹瀉病例進行流行病學資料的收集及腹瀉標本的采集,由自治區(qū)疾控中心實驗室對收集的標本進行相應病毒和細菌的病原學檢測。結果通過監(jiān)測收集病例標本199例。對資料進行分析,此次研究的腹瀉病例是以嬰幼兒為主,50%的病例小于1歲,3歲以下的病例有122例,占全部病例的61.3%。腹瀉病例的就診時間主要是在夏秋季,腹瀉病例最多的是2011年6月的52例,占199個病例的26.1%。腹瀉病例從發(fā)病后較多的在3天內就診,80%的腹瀉病例無嘔吐癥狀,大便性狀以水樣便為主,就診前次數多為3-6次／日。199份標本中檢出病原的有178份,檢出率為89.45%,共檢出9種病毒和細菌。檢出的病原微生物居前三位的是致瀉性大腸桿菌、A組輪狀病毒和杯狀病毒,分別檢出68份、48份和34份。各年齡組及監(jiān)測期各月均有病原檢出。病毒中檢出最多的是A組輪狀病毒有48份,主要集中在≤2歲年齡組。細菌的檢測中,致瀉性大腸桿菌在各年齡組中的檢出占絕對的優(yōu)勢。結論通過監(jiān)測發(fā)現,這次監(jiān)測到的腹瀉病例是以嬰幼兒為主,認為與嬰幼兒免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)育不完善有一定關系,同時與引起嬰幼兒腹瀉的因素較多,較易發(fā)病,癥狀重,且發(fā)病后就診比例高有關。病例的就診時間主要是在夏秋季,符合腹瀉高發(fā)于夏秋季的規(guī)律,這于高溫季節(jié)適合病原菌的繁殖,蒼蠅的孳生對病原的傳播導致食物變質,水源污染有關,應在腹瀉高發(fā)季節(jié)加強對易感人群的宣傳教育。檢出的病原微生物中居前三位的是致瀉性大腸桿菌、A組輪狀病毒和杯狀病毒。A組輪狀病毒主要發(fā)病于2歲以內的兒童,杯狀病毒在各年齡段均能檢出,在成人檢出率超過A組輪狀病毒。在各年齡組的細菌檢出中,致瀉性大腸桿菌均為優(yōu)勢菌,志賀菌僅在夏季檢出,多發(fā)于小年齡段。在今后的監(jiān)測工作中應密切關注腹瀉發(fā)病率高的小年齡段人群,同時也應增加對成人病毒性腹瀉的監(jiān)測,應進一步擴大監(jiān)測病原種類,在夏秋季監(jiān)測的基礎上還應加強對秋冬季腹瀉病的監(jiān)測。
[Abstract]:Objective to obtain the epidemiological characteristics and pathogeny of diarrhea in Urumqi from July 2010 to June 2011 in two sentinel hospitals, and to explore the main pathogenic microorganisms that may cause diarrhea at present. It provides a scientific basis for future surveillance and disease prevention. Methods two sentinel hospitals, the first affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the Friendship Hospital of Urumqi City, were selected to collect epidemiological data and collect samples of diarrhea from July 2010 to June 2011. The collected specimens were examined by the laboratory of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Autonomous region for the etiology of the corresponding viruses and bacteria. Results 199 cases were collected by monitoring. Analysis of the data showed that 50% of the cases were infantile diarrhea cases less than 1 year old or less than 3 years old in 122 cases, accounting for 61.3% of the total cases. The treatment time of diarrhea cases was mainly in summer and autumn. The most diarrhea cases were 52 cases in June 2011, accounting for 26.1% of 199 cases. 80% of the diarrhea cases had no vomiting symptoms in 3 days after the onset of the disease, and the fecal traits were mainly water stool, and 178 of them were found to be pathogenic in 3 ~ 6 / d. 199 samples before treatment. The detection rate was 89.45%, and 9 kinds of viruses and bacteria were detected. Rotavirus group A and calix virus of group A were the first three pathogenic microorganisms, and 48 and 34 samples were detected, respectively. Pathogens were detected in all age groups and in each month of the monitoring period. Among them, 48 strains of group A rotavirus were detected, mainly in the age group 鈮，

本文編號：1923121