發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-04 21:32

  本文選題：心音　切入點(diǎn)：心音產(chǎn)生模型　出處：《南京郵電大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：心音是指在心動(dòng)周期中,由于心臟肌肉的收縮和舒張,心臟瓣膜的開(kāi)啟與關(guān)閉,血流沖擊心室內(nèi)壁和動(dòng)脈血管等因素引起的一系列機(jī)械振動(dòng),經(jīng)過(guò)體表組織傳到胸壁表面的音頻信號(hào)。心音信號(hào)蘊(yùn)含了心臟內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)與發(fā)聲過(guò)程的關(guān)系,心音的特征與心臟內(nèi)部形狀特征也存在著一定的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。因此,研究心音產(chǎn)生模型的主要目的是通過(guò)對(duì)心音產(chǎn)生模型的研究,提出一種能夠體現(xiàn)心音產(chǎn)生過(guò)程的模型,有助于進(jìn)一步理解心音產(chǎn)生機(jī)理;將心音模型應(yīng)用在對(duì)異常心音的研究中,為診斷異常心音并對(duì)其進(jìn)行病理分析提供了可靠的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文提出了一種基于級(jí)聯(lián)無(wú)損聲管的心音產(chǎn)生模型,并將心音產(chǎn)生模型應(yīng)用于分類識(shí)別和異常心音分析領(lǐng)域。首先,從聲學(xué)角度出發(fā),結(jié)合行波理論,提出了一種基于級(jí)聯(lián)無(wú)損聲管的心音產(chǎn)生模型,它包含S1級(jí)聯(lián)無(wú)損聲管模型和S2級(jí)聯(lián)無(wú)損聲管模型。將心室及動(dòng)脈血管抽象為一系列長(zhǎng)度相同,內(nèi)半徑不等的多級(jí)聲管,通過(guò)控制聲管內(nèi)半徑的大小去模擬一個(gè)心動(dòng)周期中心房、心室以及動(dòng)脈血管的舒張與收縮狀態(tài),并以共振峰頻率作為目標(biāo)參數(shù)來(lái)仿真心音的產(chǎn)生過(guò)程。該模型具有以下三個(gè)特征:第一,心音是一種聲學(xué)信號(hào),本文從聲學(xué)角度出發(fā),以共振峰頻率作為模型的目標(biāo)參數(shù)直接體現(xiàn)心音的聲學(xué)特性;第二,將心臟內(nèi)部的心室和動(dòng)脈血管抽象為長(zhǎng)度相等,內(nèi)半徑不等的多級(jí)聲管,將心音產(chǎn)生模型與心臟內(nèi)部的形狀及尺寸特征聯(lián)系起來(lái),凸顯了心音產(chǎn)生模型與心音產(chǎn)生機(jī)理之間的聯(lián)系,對(duì)于探索心音產(chǎn)生原理具有積極的作用;第三,模型參數(shù)為9級(jí)內(nèi)半徑{Rm}(m取1,2,3...,9),模型簡(jiǎn)單直觀,模型參數(shù)易于控制,目標(biāo)參數(shù)為S1和S2的共振峰頻率,具有維度低、物理意義明確等特點(diǎn)。其次,利用該心音產(chǎn)生模型對(duì)異常心音進(jìn)行了仿真,對(duì)比異常心音與正常心音的模型參數(shù),對(duì)異常心音進(jìn)行病理分析,分析結(jié)果與臨床醫(yī)學(xué)的表現(xiàn)基本一致。最后,基于共振峰理論,提出了以S1和S2共振峰頻率作為特征的心音分類識(shí)別方法。該特征能夠很好的表征心音的能量分布特征,將其作為心音的一種識(shí)別特征具有較高的識(shí)別率。本文提出的心音產(chǎn)生模型不僅可以模擬正常心音,而且可以模擬異常心音,仿真結(jié)果表明,該模型對(duì)于從聲學(xué)角度了解心音的產(chǎn)生過(guò)程,探尋異常心音的病理原因,拓展心音信號(hào)的應(yīng)用范圍,具有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Cardiac sound is a series of mechanical vibration caused by the contraction and relaxation of heart muscle, the opening and closing of heart valve, and the impact of blood flow on the inner wall of ventricle and artery during the cardiac cycle. The audio signal transmitted through the surface of the body surface to the surface of the chest wall. The heart sound signal contains the relationship between the internal structure of the heart and the sound process, and the characteristics of the heart sound and the internal shape of the heart are also related to each other. The main purpose of the study of heart sound production model is to put forward a kind of model which can reflect the process of heart sound production through the study of heart sound production model, which is helpful to further understand the mechanism of heart sound production. The application of heart sound model in the study of abnormal heart sound provides a reliable theoretical basis for diagnosing abnormal heart sound and analyzing it pathologically. In this paper, a heart sound production model based on cascaded lossless sound tubes is proposed. The heart sound production model is applied to classification recognition and abnormal heart sound analysis. Firstly, a heart sound generation model based on cascaded lossless acoustic tubes is proposed from the acoustic point of view and combined with traveling wave theory. It consists of S1 cascade lossless acoustic tube model and S2 cascade lossless sound tube model. The ventricular and arterial vessels are abstracted into a series of multistage acoustic tubes of the same length and varying inner radius. By controlling the radius of the acoustic tube to simulate the relaxation and contraction of the central atrium, ventricle, and arterial vessels in a cardiac cycle, The model has the following three characteristics: first, the heart sound is an acoustic signal. The resonance peak frequency is taken as the target parameter of the model to directly reflect the acoustic characteristics of the heart sound. Secondly, the ventricular and arterial vessels inside the heart are abstracted into multistage acoustic tubes with equal length and different internal radii. The relationship between the heart sound production model and the shape and size characteristics of the heart is highlighted, which plays an active role in the exploration of the heart sound production principle. Third, the relationship between the heart sound production model and the heart sound generation mechanism is highlighted. The model parameter {RM} / m is 1 / 2 / 3..0.The model is simple and intuitive, the model parameter is easy to control, the target parameter is the resonance peak frequency of S _ 1 and S _ 2, the dimension is low, the physical meaning is clear and so on. The abnormal heart sound is simulated by using the model, and the model parameters of abnormal heart sound and normal heart sound are compared, and the pathological analysis of abnormal heart sound is carried out. The results are basically consistent with the clinical medical performance. Finally, based on the theory of resonance peak, A method of heart sound recognition based on S _ 1 and S _ 2 resonance peak frequency is proposed, which can well represent the energy distribution of heart sound. The model proposed in this paper can not only simulate normal heart sounds, but also can simulate abnormal heart sounds. The model has positive significance for understanding the process of producing heart sound from the angle of acoustics, exploring the pathological cause of abnormal heart sound, and expanding the range of application of heart sound signal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R540.4;TN911.7

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本文編號(hào)：1567425