【摘要】：目的:心臟功能衰竭(Heart Failure,HF)作為各類心血管疾病的終末期,每年呈不斷的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)并且患者年輕化。作為治療心衰的一種有效的方式,人工心臟的研發(fā)是世界各國(guó)科學(xué)家研究的熱點(diǎn),其大致可以分為全人工心臟以及心室輔助裝置兩種。本文就目前心室輔助裝置的研發(fā)過(guò)程中所面臨的問(wèn)題,其核心元件人工血泵使用機(jī)械部件,從而不可避免的導(dǎo)致血液溶血、血栓形成、組織相容性差等問(wèn)題。而推出現(xiàn)今研發(fā)較為新穎的交變磁流體(AC magnetohydrodynami c,AC MHD)人工血泵,其使用洛倫茲力替代機(jī)械力推動(dòng)血液流動(dòng),沒(méi)有機(jī)械部件與血液接觸,有望徹底解決現(xiàn)有的幾代人工血泵組織相容性差、血液溶血、血栓形成不能永久替代心臟工作的問(wèn)題。方法:本文在中國(guó)科學(xué)院電工研究所研發(fā)的AC MHD人工血泵的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)此血泵進(jìn)行血?jiǎng)恿κ壹半姍C(jī)轉(zhuǎn)換頻率等方面優(yōu)化(中心場(chǎng)強(qiáng)0.9T,電機(jī)交變頻率為0-80hz),并行進(jìn)一步的深度研究。使用鹽水模擬血液測(cè)評(píng)修改后的交流磁流體人工血泵的各項(xiàng)性能,調(diào)節(jié)磁場(chǎng)變化頻率(即三相異步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速)、NaCl溶液電導(dǎo)率、動(dòng)力室以及動(dòng)力室內(nèi)NaCl溶液高度h,測(cè)量記錄每一工況下單位時(shí)間內(nèi)示蹤粒子運(yùn)動(dòng)的圈數(shù)和實(shí)驗(yàn)前后NaCl溶液的電導(dǎo)率和溫度,觀察動(dòng)力室內(nèi)NaCl溶液的流動(dòng)情況。根據(jù)收集到的資料匯總分析后得出血泵最優(yōu)工況,將得出的結(jié)果分析優(yōu)化血液泵體裝置,為下一步血液動(dòng)力學(xué)的測(cè)試分析打好堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。在前面性能測(cè)試基礎(chǔ)之上,使用離體綿羊血液置于AC MHD血泵血?jiǎng)恿κ抑?在室溫條件下(25℃),調(diào)節(jié)磁場(chǎng)變化頻率(即三相異步電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速)、血液液面高度h經(jīng)行血液流動(dòng)性觀察研究;使用血常規(guī)管采集血液標(biāo)本分為兩組,對(duì)照組(無(wú)外加磁場(chǎng)),暴露組(交變磁場(chǎng)暴露3小時(shí),h=87mm)分別測(cè)試其血液細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)、血液粘度變化及通過(guò)透射電鏡(Transmission electron microscope,T EM)觀察血液細(xì)胞的超微結(jié)構(gòu)變化。從而得出研發(fā)血泵的血液流動(dòng)性及血細(xì)胞理化性質(zhì)變化的相關(guān)資料。結(jié)果:血泵鹽水性能測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn):1、因感應(yīng)電流的軸向路徑太低,原本我們所設(shè)想近似主動(dòng)脈直徑的環(huán)形血?jiǎng)恿κ?H=20mm,H=40mm),無(wú)論改變導(dǎo)電液體電導(dǎo)率或增加外加電機(jī)變化頻率,其流速均為0。2、導(dǎo)電液體的流速與外加電機(jī)變化頻率、導(dǎo)電液體的電導(dǎo)率成正比關(guān)系,其與血?jiǎng)恿κ业母叨瘸啥畏疥P(guān)系。3、血液泵的最佳工況,當(dāng)電導(dǎo)率為0.81s/m時(shí),鹽水位于縱向高度H=100mm環(huán)形通道,外加電機(jī)變化頻率為65hz左右時(shí),鹽水流動(dòng)性最高為0.0115m/s左右。血泵離體綿羊血相關(guān)測(cè)試:1、綿羊血液在交流磁流體血泵中(電機(jī)變化頻率70hz,縱向高度H=100mm環(huán)形通道)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)流動(dòng),其流速為2mm/s,流量為1.44ml/h。2、血液細(xì)胞經(jīng)交變磁場(chǎng)暴露后其計(jì)數(shù)未見明顯異常,與對(duì)照組相比,白細(xì)胞雖有降低,血紅細(xì)胞及血紅蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)前后雖有變化,但(p(29)0.05)。與對(duì)照組相比,血小板數(shù)量減少(P=0.000(27)0.5)。3、綿羊血液在交變頻率70hz,環(huán)形通道高度H=100mm時(shí)流動(dòng)。與對(duì)照組相比,綿羊血液粘度在經(jīng)交變磁場(chǎng)運(yùn)行3h后,全血高切粘度降低,(p=0.006(27)0.05);全血低切粘度降低,p=0.000(27)0.001,有明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。全血中切粘度雖然略有增高,但其(p=0.130.05)。相比對(duì)照組,血漿粘度值在經(jīng)過(guò)高強(qiáng)度交變磁場(chǎng)時(shí)明顯下降,(p=0.000(27)0.001)。4、經(jīng)過(guò)高強(qiáng)交變磁場(chǎng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)后,血液細(xì)胞(主要是紅細(xì)胞)胞質(zhì)明顯較對(duì)照組變淺,并且胞質(zhì)中出現(xiàn)黑色顆粒物串珠樣聚集現(xiàn)象。紅細(xì)胞形態(tài)發(fā)生明顯變化,雙凹圓盤狀弧度及細(xì)胞體積較對(duì)照組變大。通過(guò)對(duì)5000倍隨機(jī)8張電鏡結(jié)果正常紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)分析(對(duì)照組,43?1.32;暴露組,4?0.15)發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)照組中典型的雙凹圓盤狀結(jié)構(gòu)(紅色箭頭表示)在經(jīng)過(guò)交變磁場(chǎng)暴露后基本消失。結(jié)論:1、實(shí)驗(yàn)證明交流磁流體血泵的研發(fā)可行,完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)血流的持續(xù)性流動(dòng);2、實(shí)驗(yàn)證明此次施行血泵的最優(yōu)的磁場(chǎng)變化頻率為70hz,在此工況下血泵的能量轉(zhuǎn)化最大,并且對(duì)血液的影響最小;3、實(shí)驗(yàn)證明作為復(fù)雜的非牛頓流體的血液在交變磁流體血泵運(yùn)行后,其血液細(xì)胞無(wú)明顯破壞現(xiàn)象;4、實(shí)驗(yàn)證明離體血液在經(jīng)過(guò)交變磁流體血泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)后,其血液粘度同在其他磁性材料中暴露后呈明顯下降趨勢(shì);不同的是,因?yàn)榻蛔兇艌?chǎng)變化的特殊性,其粘度的變化并不是特別明顯;5、實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),離體綿羊血在經(jīng)過(guò)交流磁流體急性暴露后,其血液細(xì)胞(主要是紅細(xì)胞)結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)部物質(zhì)還是發(fā)生了變化,其是否會(huì)影響血液細(xì)胞的功能將為我們預(yù)行實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)估的方向。
[Abstract]:Objective: Heart failure (HF), as the end-stage of various cardiovascular diseases, is increasing year by year and the patients are younger. As an effective way to treat HF, the research and development of artificial heart is a hotspot of scientists all over the world, which can be roughly divided into total artificial heart and ventricular assist device. Two kinds of ventricular assist devices are introduced in this paper. The core component of the artificial blood pump is mechanical components, which inevitably leads to hemolysis, thrombosis and poor tissue compatibility. Lorentz force is used instead of mechanical force to promote blood flow. There is no contact between mechanical parts and blood. It is hopeful that the problems of poor histocompatibility, hemolysis and thrombosis of several generations of artificial blood pumps can not replace the heart permanently. Methods: The base of ACMHD artificial blood pump developed by the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences was studied. On the basis of this blood pump to optimize the hemodynamic chamber and motor conversion frequency (center field strength 0.9T, motor alternating frequency 0-80hz), and further in-depth study. Conductivity, the height of NaCl solution in power room and power room H. Measure and record the number of cycles of tracer particles in each working condition and the conductivity and temperature of NaCl solution before and after experiment. Observe the flow of NaCl solution in power room. According to the collected data, the best working condition of blood pump is obtained. On the basis of the previous performance test, the sheep blood was placed in the AC MHD blood pump power room, and the frequency of magnetic field change (i.e. the speed of three-phase asynchronous motor) was adjusted at room temperature (25 C), and the height of blood level H was transfused through the blood flow. The blood samples were divided into two groups: the control group (without external magnetic field) and the exposed group (with alternating magnetic field exposure for 3 hours, h=87mm). Result: Blood pump salt water performance test experiment: 1. Because the axial path of induction current is too low, the circular hemodynamic chamber (H = 20mm, H = 40mm) which was originally conceived to approximate the diameter of aorta was designed, regardless of changing the conductivity of conductive liquid or increasing the frequency of change of the applied motor. The flow rate of the conductive liquid is proportional to the variation frequency of the applied motor and the conductivity of the conductive liquid. The relationship between the conductive liquid and the height of the blood chamber is quadratic. In vitro sheep blood pump related test: 1. Sheep blood in the alternating magnetic fluid pump (motor frequency 70 hz, longitudinal height H = 100 mm annular channel) can achieve continuous flow, its flow rate is 2 mm / s, flow rate is 1.44 ml / h. Compared with the control group, the number of platelets decreased (P = 0.000 (27) 0.5). 3, sheep blood flowed at alternating frequency 70 Hz and annular channel height H = 100 mm. Whole blood high shear viscosity decreased (p = 0.006 (27) 0.05); whole blood low shear viscosity decreased, P = 0.000 (27) 0.001, with significant statistical significance. The cytoplasm of blood cells (mainly red blood cells) was obviously shallower than that of the control group, and there was a cluster of black particles in the cytoplasm. In dew group, 4?0.15, the typical double-concave disc structure (indicated by red arrow) disappeared after exposure to alternating magnetic field in control group. Conclusion: 1. The experiment proves that the development of alternating magnetic fluid blood pump is feasible, and the continuous flow of blood flow can be realized completely; 2. The experiment proves that the optimal frequency of magnetic field change is 70 hz. Under this condition, the energy conversion of blood pump is the greatest, and the influence on blood is the smallest. 3. Experiments prove that blood as a complex non-Newtonian fluid has no obvious damage to blood cells after the operation of alternating magnetic fluid blood pump. 4. Experiments prove that the blood viscosity of isolated blood after alternating magnetic fluid blood pump operation is the same as that of other magnetism. The change of viscosity of sheep blood was not obvious because of the particularity of alternating magnetic field. 5. It was found that the structure and internal substances of sheep blood cells (mainly red blood cells) were changed after acute exposure to alternating magnetic fluid (AMF), and whether it would affect the blood. The function of liquid cells will advance the direction of experimental evaluation for us.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R654.2

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