數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)與脊柱外科的臨床應(yīng)用☆
本文關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)與脊柱外科的臨床應(yīng)用,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
楊波,,等. 數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)與脊柱外科的臨床應(yīng)用
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progress and development. Computer navigation technology works using digital image information through the
medium of the body to enter a computer workstation. The reconstruction of three-dimensional model of the image after operation processing and related software through high-resolution display observed from all directions to the surgical approach as well as a variety of parameters completed the minimally invasive surgery. Minimally invasive spinal surgery uses a tiny incision or puncture channel, with special equipment or device in imaging instrument under the surveillance. The analysis of medical image as information science and technology-based cross-disciplinary research, clinical diagnosis and observation of spinal surgery has a reference value. Digital medicine with high-efficiency, high-precision, three-dimensional understanding of the distribution of the disease, the morphology, structure, minimizing surgical trauma, spinal has broad prospects.
Yang B, He JM, Fang SB, Song L, Yin B, Wang L, Xie JK, Wan SY. The application of digital medical technology in spinal surgery.Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2012;16(44): 8348-8355.
Department of
Orthopedics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
510150, Guangdong Province, China; 2
Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
510120, Guangdong Province, China 0 引言
數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)是20世紀后期興起的一項
信息技術(shù)和醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科互相交叉、綜合發(fā)展起來的世界前沿性研究領(lǐng)域,它將人體斷面數(shù)據(jù)在計算機里整合、重建成人體數(shù)字化三維立體結(jié)構(gòu)圖像,構(gòu)成人體數(shù)字信息研究平臺,廣泛應(yīng)用于疾病診斷、新藥開發(fā)、外科手術(shù)方案[1-2]。數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)與數(shù)字化骨科技術(shù)充分的體現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)影像處理、三維重建與可視化技術(shù),臨床計算機輔助設(shè)計與計算機輔助制造技術(shù)、手術(shù)導(dǎo)航與機器人輔助技術(shù)等方面,隨著研究的深入,有限元、計算機導(dǎo)航技術(shù)、微創(chuàng)技術(shù)以及醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,展示了數(shù)字化人體脊柱的良好前景。
有限元方法廣泛應(yīng)用于力學(xué)試驗研究,臨床主要用于骨科及口腔科生物力學(xué)試驗。有限元模型最大的優(yōu)勢在于可以反映集體內(nèi)部的應(yīng)力變化情況,有限元分析應(yīng)用于醫(yī)學(xué)生物力學(xué)后,取得了很大的進步與發(fā)展。脊柱的有限元模型的建立可以有效解決現(xiàn)在標本少的問題,而且可以解決很多實體實驗無法檢測的難題,如椎體內(nèi)部的應(yīng)力改變,椎體內(nèi)部松質(zhì)變形,微骨折等,同時也可以對內(nèi)固定的有效性進行評價,并對內(nèi)固定物進行有效的改造,為臨床作出一定的指導(dǎo)。
計算機輔助手術(shù)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)一般由手術(shù)導(dǎo)航工具、位置跟蹤儀、監(jiān)視器、工作站4個部分組成,依據(jù)不同的分類標準,有不同的分類形式。導(dǎo)航技術(shù)在骨科的所有領(lǐng)域幾乎均有應(yīng)用,尤其在骨科材料置入準確度和穩(wěn)定性方面具有更多的優(yōu)勢。
脊柱外科相對較新的微創(chuàng)技術(shù)有顯微內(nèi)
ISSN 2095-4344 CN 21-1581/R CODEN: ZLKHAH
窺鏡椎間盤切除術(shù)、胸腔鏡手術(shù)和椎體后凸成形術(shù)。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)水平的提高,脊柱外科手術(shù)治療效果已顯著提高,并發(fā)癥明顯
降低。但對于微創(chuàng)技術(shù),手術(shù)效果和并發(fā)癥仍需要進行仔細評價、長期隨訪,以更好的評估其安全性和有效性。
醫(yī)學(xué)影像的三維重建軟件、分子影像、生物芯片等技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,脊柱、脊髓、椎間盤、脊神經(jīng)等分子水平三維圖像定位、重建與顯示將會成為可能,臨床一般根據(jù)CT、磁共振成像等影像學(xué)資料進行人體數(shù)字化三維重建,但是由于磁共振成像對骨骼重建比較困難,一般采用CT對病變區(qū)域骨骼進行三維重建和顯示,對脊柱疾患診斷與治療將產(chǎn)生更深遠的影響。
文章概述數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)在脊柱外科中的應(yīng)用,著重論述有限元模型、計算機導(dǎo)航技術(shù)、微創(chuàng)技術(shù)以及醫(yī)學(xué)影像在脊柱外科中的應(yīng)用。
1 資料和方法
1.1 資料來源 檢索數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)在脊柱外科中應(yīng)用的相關(guān)研究文獻[3-4],檢索詞分別為“脊椎,腰椎,頸椎,數(shù)字化,脊柱外科,數(shù)字骨科學(xué),有限元模型,計算機輔助設(shè)計,微創(chuàng)技術(shù),三維重建,CT,磁共振成像,計算機仿真,內(nèi)窺鏡,椎間盤,經(jīng)皮內(nèi)窺鏡激光椎間盤切除術(shù)”和“spine, lumbar, cervical, digitization, spinal surgery, digital orthopedics, the finite element model, computer assisted design,
minimally invasive technology, three
Yang Bo☆, Doctor, Professor, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of
Orthopedics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
510150, Guangdong Province, China yangbom333@vip.
Corresponding
author: Xie Jing-kai, Resident physician, Department of
Orthopedics, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
510150, Guangdong Province, China
Supported by: Science and
Technology Planning Project of
Guangdong Province in 2008, No.
2008A030201015*; Science and
Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou in 2011, No. 2011J4100052*
Received: 2012-04-07 Accepted: 2012-09-22
8349
本文關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)字化醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)與脊柱外科的臨床應(yīng)用,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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