本文選題：指骨骨折 + 生物力學　； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在指骨骨折外固定領域中,為了避免石膏固定透氣性差、高分子繃帶固定不牢靠、夾板固定壓迫邊緣皮膚的各自缺陷,本文旨在研究一種符合人體手部生物力學的個性化、不等剛度的彈性外固定器。該外固定器不僅匹配患者手指的形狀,而且匹配患者骨折部位,可實現(xiàn)指骨骨折部位的可靠精確固定。本文以拇指遠節(jié)指骨骨折患者為研究對象,主要研究內容如下:1.拇指模型的三維重建及外固定器模型的設計。需要重建的拇指模型包含拇指骨骼和整個拇指兩種三維模型。利用指骨骨折患者的手部CT數(shù)據(jù),研究Mimics軟件閾值分割方法,快速重建手部骨骼三維模型和整個手的三維模型。為簡化計算量,需切割出拇指的骨骼三維模型和整個拇指三維模型。依據(jù)整個手的三維模型,在3DMax中設計出個性化、不等剛度、透氣的外固定器。2.有限元分析模型的建立。建立三種用于有限元分析的實體模型:拇指骨骼、拇指軟組織、外固定器。其中拇指軟組織模型是通過實體化之后的拇指骨骼模型和整個拇指模型在有限元軟件中做布爾減運算獲得。在建模中,手動規(guī)劃各個模型的NURBS曲面,并且采用六面體主導劃分法劃分網格。3.有限元分析。探索不同外力沖擊外固定器表面所對骨折部位的應力和形變影響。當49N的外力作用在外固定器1cm2的面上時,盡管骨折部位受到最大值為2.0435Mpa的應力,但其發(fā)生的形變很小,可以忽略不計。4.用于成型外固定器的材料及3D打印技術的研究。通過對比TPU、PLA、光敏樹脂這三種材料3D打印所成型的外固定器,確定TPU材料選取的正確性。再對比顆粒狀和線狀TPU所快速成型的外固定器以及所使用的打印機設備,確定線狀TPU更佳。最終確定Ultimaker2+型號3D打印機打印線狀TPU材料所成型的外固定器最適合于指骨骨折外固定。本研究的外固定器歷經從無到有的整個過程,最終快速成型的外固定器實現(xiàn)了透氣、可靠固定、穿戴舒適的目標。另外,該外固定器具有確切的生物力學性能指標,即固定器1cm2的面上可承受49N的外力沖擊而不會再次對骨折部位造成傷害。
[Abstract]:In the field of external fixation of phalanx fracture, in order to avoid the defects of immobilization of plaster, immobilization of polymer bandage and immobilization of splint on the edge of the skin, the purpose of this paper is to study a kind of individualized biomechanics which accords with the biomechanics of human hand. Elastic external fixator with unequal stiffness. The external fixator not only matches the shape of the patient's finger, but also matches the fracture site of the patient, which can achieve reliable and accurate fixation of the fracture site of the phalangeal bone. Patients with distal phalangeal fractures of the thumb were studied in this paper. The main contents of the study were as follows: 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of thumb model and design of external fixator model. The thumb model to be reconstructed consists of two three-dimensional models: the thumb skeleton and the whole thumb. Based on the CT data of patients with phalangeal fracture, the threshold segmentation method of Mimics software was studied to reconstruct the 3D model of hand bone and the 3D model of the whole hand. In order to simplify the calculation, the three-dimensional model of thumb bone and the whole three-dimensional model of thumb should be cut out. According to the 3D model of the whole hand, a personalized, unequal stiffness, breathable external fixator. 2. 2 was designed in 3DMax. The establishment of finite element analysis model. Three kinds of solid models for finite element analysis were established: thumb bone, thumb soft tissue and external fixator. The soft tissue model of thumb is obtained by Boolean subtraction in finite element software. In the modeling, the NURBS surface of each model is planned manually, and the hexahedron dominating method is used to divide the mesh. 3. Finite element analysis. To explore the effect of different external forces on the stress and deformation of the external fixator. When the external force of 49N acts on the surface of the external fixator 1cm2, although the fracture site is subjected to the maximum stress of 2.0435Mpa, the deformation is very small and can be ignored. Research on material and 3D printing technology for forming external fixator. By comparing the external fixators of TPU PLA and Guang Min resin, the selection of TPU materials was confirmed. Compared with the rapid prototyping of granular and linear TPU external fixators and the printer equipment used to determine that linear TPU is better. Finally, it is determined that the external fixator formed by Ultimaker2 3D printer printed linear TPU material is the most suitable for external fixation of phalangeal fracture. The external fixator in this study has experienced the whole process from nothing to existence, and finally the rapid prototyping external fixator has achieved the goal of breathable, reliable fixation and comfortable wearing. In addition, the external fixator has certain biomechanical properties, that is, the surface of the 1cm2 can withstand an external force shock of 49N without causing injury to the fracture site again.
【學位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R687.3;TP391.73

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本文編號：1810569