EP4受體介導(dǎo)的肝缺血再灌注時線粒體保護(hù)效應(yīng)及機(jī)制研究
本文選題:缺血再灌注 切入點:環(huán)氧化酶-2 出處:《第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:缺血再灌注(I/R)損傷是臨床常見的病理現(xiàn)象,創(chuàng)傷與失血性休克、冠脈缺血和體外循環(huán)手術(shù)以及器官移植手術(shù)時I/R損傷不可避免,重者可影響患者預(yù)后。I/R損傷機(jī)制復(fù)雜,其發(fā)生機(jī)理仍不完全清楚,目前認(rèn)為主要涉及氧自由基和活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)的大量產(chǎn)生、炎性損傷以及微循環(huán)障礙等過程,而啟動這些環(huán)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵是細(xì)胞能量代謝障礙。線粒體作為細(xì)胞氧化磷酸化的重要細(xì)胞器,其功能改變與I/R損傷密切相關(guān)。前列腺素E2(PGE2)是生物體內(nèi)重要的內(nèi)源性調(diào)節(jié)因子。I/R損傷時,PGE2對肝臟組織的炎性反應(yīng)和微循環(huán)灌注起到重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用。環(huán)氧化酶-2(COX-2)是調(diào)控體內(nèi)PGE2生成的重要限速酶,已有研究證明COX-2在肝I/R損傷中發(fā)揮重要作用。課題組前期發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制COX-2能激活一種細(xì)胞內(nèi)保護(hù)機(jī)制,即抑制線粒體膜通透性轉(zhuǎn)換孔(MPTP)開放,減輕I/R損傷,但其具體分子機(jī)制并不完全清楚。PGE2在細(xì)胞膜上存在4種G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體,即前列腺素E2受體1、2、3和4(PGE2 receptor 1,2,3和4,EP 1,2,3,4)。作為COX-2下游重要的G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體,已有研究證實EP4在I/R時直接介導(dǎo)了PGE2的肝臟保護(hù)效應(yīng)。但是,EP4信號與對再灌注時線粒體功能的影響并不清楚。本課題通過70%大鼠肝臟熱I/R損傷模型,研究了EP4信號在肝臟I/R損傷中的作用和機(jī)制。采用可逆性的肝血管阻斷法建立穩(wěn)定、可靠的Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠70%肝熱缺血再灌注模型,通過血清酶學(xué)檢測、組織病理學(xué)觀察、熒光分子探針測定線粒體鈣容納力(mitochondria calcium capacity,CRC)以及免疫印跡檢測線粒體相關(guān)信號通路來研究EP4激動劑對肝I/R時的線粒體保護(hù)效應(yīng)及分子機(jī)制。方法:將雄性Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠(200g-230g)隨機(jī)化分組:1.假手術(shù)組(Sham組):只打開其腹腔,分離血管,不給予夾閉缺血;2.缺血再灌注組(I/R組):采用經(jīng)典的、可逆性的肝血管阻斷法建立穩(wěn)定、可靠的SD大鼠70%肝熱缺血再灌注模型,夾閉肝左葉和肝中葉血管系統(tǒng),形成肝臟中葉和左葉缺血,松開血管夾行再灌注;3.I/R+缺血預(yù)處理(IPC)組:于缺血前給予一次10min的短暫缺血,然后再灌注10min+70%肝臟熱缺血60min再灌注;4.I/R+COX-2抑制劑NS-398(NS-398)預(yù)處理組:缺血前10min腹腔給予COX-2抑制劑NS-398(30mg/kg)+70%肝臟熱缺血60min再灌注;5.I/R+EP4激動劑CAY10598(CAY)處理組:70%肝臟熱缺血60min再灌注+于缺血前1.5h、缺血30min和再灌注即刻分三次腹腔內(nèi)注射總劑量1mg/kg EP4激動劑CAY10598;6.I/R+CAY+Carboxy Atractyloside(CATR)組:70%肝臟熱缺血60min再灌注+于缺血前1.5h、缺血30min和再灌注即刻分三次腹腔內(nèi)注射總劑量1mg/kg EP4激動劑CAY10598+缺血30min前腹腔注射5mg/kg線粒體膜通透性轉(zhuǎn)換孔開放劑Carboxyatractyloside。于再灌注2h和6h,取肝組織和血清。采用聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)及Western Blot檢測肝臟I/R損傷后不同時間點EP4受體的表達(dá)情況;行血清酶學(xué)、組織病理學(xué)監(jiān)測肝損傷、熒光免疫法測定線粒體鈣容納力(CRC);信號機(jī)制研究方面采用ELISA法檢測肝組織環(huán)磷酸腺苷(c AMP)和組織活性氧(ROS)水平;運用Western blot技術(shù)檢測各組肝組織GSK-3β、p-GSK-3β、ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3蛋白表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果:1.PCR和Real Time-PCR結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),正常肝組織EP1、EP2、EP3和EP4基因均有不同程度的表達(dá),而與sham組比較,I/R后2h肝組織EP1、EP2和EP4受體的m RNA表達(dá)均明顯升高。IPC能明顯下調(diào)EP2和EP4受體的基因表達(dá),而使用COX-2抑制劑NS-398預(yù)處理能下調(diào)EP4受體的基因表達(dá)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與Sham組比較,I/R能顯著促進(jìn)再灌注2 h和6h肝組織EP4蛋白表達(dá)(P0.05),而NS-398則能明顯抑制該作用(P0.05)。2.再灌注時檢測血清AST和ALT水平,結(jié)果顯示:I/R時血清AST和ALT水平顯著升高,CAY預(yù)處理能明顯降低再灌注2h和6h血清AST和ALT水平(P0.05)。再灌注6 h肝組織H-E染色和TUNEL染色結(jié)果顯示,再灌注6h I/R組肝細(xì)胞損傷明顯,CAY能明顯減輕肝細(xì)胞壞死,減少凋亡指數(shù)(P0.05),提供肝保護(hù)。而MPTP開放劑CATR能顯著逆轉(zhuǎn)CAY的保護(hù)作用。透射電鏡下觀察細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn):CAY能減少再灌注2h肝細(xì)胞核固縮溶解,線粒體等細(xì)胞器形態(tài)明顯改善。差速離心法制備再灌注2 h和6 h線粒體,使用Flex Station II熒光分析儀測定各組線粒體鈣容納力(CRC)顯示:與I/R組比較,再灌注2 h和6 h CAY預(yù)處理能顯著增加線粒體CRC,抑制MPTP開放,而CATR則能顯著逆轉(zhuǎn)CAY的作用(P0.05)。3.再灌注6 h肝組織c AMP和ROS水平檢測顯示:I/R能誘導(dǎo)肝組織c AMP和ROS水平明顯升高(P0.01),與I/R組比較,CAY預(yù)處理能進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)肝組織c AMP濃度升高(P0.01),降低ROS水平(P0.05)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示:再灌注2h和6h I/R組肝組織p-ERK1/2表達(dá)明顯升高,CAY處理能進(jìn)一步增加肝組織p-ERK1/2表達(dá)(P0.05);再灌注2h I/R、I/R+CAY和I/R+CAY+CATR組肝組織p-GSK-3β表達(dá)均有不同程度升高,至再灌注6h各組p-GSK-3β表達(dá)呈下降趨勢,與I/R組和I/R+CAY+CATR組比較,CAY能增加再灌注6h肝組織p-GSK-3β表達(dá)(P0.05);再灌注2h和6h,I/R、I/R+CAY和I/R+CAY+CATR組p-JAK2表達(dá)均有不同程度升高,其中2h升高最為顯著,與I/R組比較,CAY能抑制再灌注時肝組織p-JAK2的表達(dá)(P0.05);再灌注2h和6h,I/R和I/R+CAY+CATR組p-STAT3表達(dá)均顯著升高,而CAY組再灌注2h p-STAT3表達(dá)與sham和I/R組比較呈顯著下降,至6h時逐漸升高(P0.05),提示CAY能延緩再灌注時肝組織p-STAT3的表達(dá)升高。結(jié)論:1.作為COX-2信號下游重要位點,EP4直接參與了肝臟I/R損傷的病理過程。2.使用EP4激動劑CAY10598預(yù)處理激活EP4信號,能抑制再灌注時MPTP開放,減輕線粒體損傷,減少肝細(xì)胞壞死和凋亡。3.EP4可通過下游c AMP-ERK1/2信號進(jìn)一步影響MPTP調(diào)控相關(guān)的GSK-3β和JAK2-STAT3信號改變,從而調(diào)控MPTP通透性,影響ROS生成,調(diào)控肝I/R損傷。
[Abstract]:Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is common in clinic, trauma and hemorrhagic shock, ischemia and coronary bypass surgery and organ transplantation when I/R damage is unavoidable, the weight can affect the prognosis of patients with.I/R injury mechanism is complex, its pathogenesis is still not completely clear, think at present mainly involves oxygen free radicals and reactive oxygen species (Reactive oxygen species, ROS) of the emergence, process of inflammatory injury and microcirculation, and these links are the key to start cell energy metabolism. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cells as important organelles, its function is closely related to the I/R injury. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important endogenous regulation factor.I/R injury, PGE2 of liver tissue inflammation and microcirculation play an important role of cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) is regulated in vivo production of PGE2 heavy The speed limit enzyme, studies have demonstrated that COX-2 play an important role in liver injury in I/R. Our research group found that inhibition of COX-2 can activate a protective mechanism of cells, inhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, reduce I/R damage, but its molecular mechanism is not completely clear.PGE2 there are 4 G protein coupled the receptor on the cell membrane, the prostaglandin E2 receptor (PGE2 1,2,3 and 4 receptor 1,2,3 and 4 EP, 1,2,3,4). As COX-2 downstream G protein coupled receptor is important, it has been confirmed that EP4 in I/R mediated liver protective effect of PGE2. However, the EP4 signal and the effects on mitochondrial function during reperfusion. This topic is not clear. By 70% I/R of rat liver heat injury model, and study the mechanism of EP4 signaling in liver I/R injury. Occlusion of hepatic vascular stability by reversible, reliable Sprague Dawley (SD) 7 rats 0% liver ischemia reperfusion model by serum enzyme detection, histopathological observation, fluorescence molecular probe for the determination of mitochondrial calcium capacity (mitochondria calcium capacity, CRC) and Western blot detection of mitochondrial related signal pathway of EP4 agonist on mitochondrial protective effect and molecular mechanism of liver I/R. Methods: male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat (200g-230g) 1. randomization: sham operation group (group Sham): open the abdominal cavity, the separation of blood vessels, not given the occlusion ischemia; 2. ischemia reperfusion group (I/R group): the classical, reversible hepatic vascular occlusion, 70% SD rats liver reliable thermal ischemia reperfusion model, occlusion of left hepatic lobe and middle lobe of liver vascular system, the formation of the middle and the left lobe of liver ischemia reperfusion, loosen the vascular clamp; 3.I/R+ ischemic preconditioning (IPC) group: transient ischemic ischemia in given before a 10min, then Perfusion of liver heat 10min+70% 60min ischemia reperfusion; 4.I/R+COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (NS-398) 10min before ischemia preconditioning group: intraperitoneal administration of COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (30mg/kg) +70% 60min liver ischemia reperfusion; 5.I/R+EP4 CAY10598 agonist (CAY) treatment group: 70% hepatic ischemia reperfusion + 60min at 1.5h before ischemia, ischemia and 30min immediately after reperfusion three intraperitoneal injection of 1mg/kg total dose of EP4 agonist CAY10598; 6.I/R+CAY+Carboxy Atractyloside (CATR) group: 70% hepatic ischemia reperfusion + 60min at 1.5h before ischemia, ischemia 30min and reperfusion three intraperitoneal injection of 1mg/kg total dose of EP4 agonist CAY10598+ 30min ischemia before intraperitoneal injection of 5mg/kg mitochondrial membrane the permeability transition pore opening agent Carboxyatractyloside. on reperfusion 2H and 6H, the liver tissue and serum. Using polymerase chain reaction (Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR) and Western Blo T detection of liver I/R injury at different time points after EP4 receptor expression; serum enzymology, tissue pathology monitoring of liver injury, determination of the capacity of mitochondrial calcium fluorescence immunoassay (CRC); signal mechanism of liver tissue was detected by ELISA method of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (C AMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level; the detection of GSK-3 beta, the liver Western blot p-GSK-3 ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, beta, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3 protein expression. Results: 1.PCR and Real Time-PCR were found in normal liver tissue EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 gene expression in varying degrees, and compared with group sham, liver 2H EP1 I/R, m RNA and EP2 EP4 expression were significantly increased in.IPC could significantly reduce the EP2 and EP4 receptor gene expression, and the use of COX-2 inhibitors of NS-398 pretreatment can down regulate the gene expression of EP4 receptor.Western blot results showed that, compared with Sham group, I/R Reperfusion can significantly promote the EP4 protein expression in liver tissue of 2 h and 6h (P0.05), while NS-398 could inhibit the effect of.2. (P0.05) showed reperfusion serum AST and ALT levels, serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in I/R, CAY pretreatment can significantly reduce reperfusion 2H and 6h the serum AST and ALT levels (P0.05). 6 h reperfusion of liver tissue H-E staining and TUNEL staining showed that 6h reperfusion group I/R hepatocellular injury obviously, CAY can significantly reduce the necrosis of liver cells, decrease the apoptosis index (P0.05), to provide protection. The protective effect of liver and MPTP open agent CATR could reverse CAY under transmission electron microscope. Cell ultrastructure showed that CAY can reduce the reperfusion of 2H liver cell nuclear pyknosis dissolved, mitochondria morphology improved significantly. The differential centrifugation was prepared after reperfusion for 2 h and 6 h mitochondria, determination of mitochondrial calcium content using Flex Station II fluorescence analyzer Nali (CRC) showed that: compared with group I/R, reperfusion 2 h and 6 h CAY pretreatment could significantly increase mitochondrial CRC, inhibiting the opening of MPTP, while CATR can significantly reverse the effects of CAY (P0.05).3. showed 6 h reperfusion liver C AMP and ROS I/R can induce the liver tissue C AMP and ROS levels were significantly increased (P0.01), compared with I/R group, CAY pretreatment can promote the C AMP concentration in liver tissue increased (P0.01), reduce the level of ROS (P0.05).Western blot showed that 2h of reperfusion and liver tissue 6h I/R group significantly increased the expression of p-ERK1/2, CAY treatment can further increase the liver the expression of p-ERK1/2 (P0.05); 2H reperfusion I/R, increased the expression of p-GSK-3 in I/R+CAY and I/R+CAY+CATR group, the expression of 6h p-GSK-3 in each group to reperfusion beta decreased, compared with group I/R and group I/R+CAY+CATR, CAY and 6h in liver tissue perfusion can increase the expression of p-GSK-3 (P0.05); reperfusion Note: 2h and 6h, I/R, I/R+CAY and I/R+CAY+CATR p-JAK2 expression were increased to varying degrees, of which 2H was the most significant, compared with I/R, CAY can inhibit the expression of p-JAK2 in liver tissue during reperfusion (P0.05); reperfusion 2H and 6h, I/R and p-STAT3 expression were significantly increased in group I/R+CAY+CATR, and group CAY reperfusion 2H p-STAT3 expression compared with sham and I/R group were significantly decreased, and 6h increased gradually (P0.05), suggesting that CAY can delay the reperfusion of hepatic p-STAT3 expression increased. Conclusion: the 1. COX-2 signal as important downstream sites, EP4 is directly involved in the pathological process of liver injury in.2. I/R using the EP4 agonist CAY10598 the pretreatment can inhibit the activation of EP4 signal, the reperfusion of the opening of MPTP, alleviate the injury of mitochondria,.3.EP4 reduced liver cell necrosis and apoptosis by AMP-ERK1/2 signal downstream of the C further affect the regulation of MPTP related GSK-3 beta and JAK2-STAT3 signal changes, and Regulating the permeability of MPTP, affecting the formation of ROS and regulating the I/R damage of liver.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:R657.3
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