本文關(guān)鍵詞： 頸椎 有限元分析 生物力學(xué) 頸椎牽引　出處：《河南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：頸椎牽引是臨床治療和緩解頸椎病的有效方式之一,在常用牽引力范圍之內(nèi),牽引角度對(duì)治療有明顯的效果。由于頸椎的在體力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)比較艱難,加之計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,利用醫(yī)學(xué)圖像的三維建模技術(shù)和有限元計(jì)算對(duì)頸椎牽引進(jìn)行生物力學(xué)的研究獲得人們的普遍青睞。由于頸椎骨骼形狀的不規(guī)則性以及其肌肉韌帶結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性,使得人們對(duì)于頸部的完整骨-肌系統(tǒng)建模比較困難,大量的有限元分析研究都是集中在頸椎椎體、椎間盤和韌帶上,而對(duì)于考慮頸部肌肉力對(duì)頸椎牽引影響的有限元研究就更少。本文在正常人頸椎的CT斷層掃描圖像基礎(chǔ)上,利用醫(yī)學(xué)圖像處理軟件Simpleware獲取其整體輪廓范圍,通過(guò)閾值分析、區(qū)域增長(zhǎng)、遞歸高斯過(guò)濾等步驟,建立一個(gè)包括椎體、椎間盤、關(guān)節(jié)軟骨、前縱和后縱韌帶、黃韌帶、棘間韌帶和棘上韌帶的Cl-C7全頸椎三維模型,并將其導(dǎo)入逆向工程軟件Geomagic Studio2013中,對(duì)模型進(jìn)行去噪、孔填充、邊界修復(fù)等處理,并與Any Body中導(dǎo)出的頸椎椎體進(jìn)行全局注冊(cè)和手動(dòng)注冊(cè),完成位置匹配,利用Simpleware中的有限元分析模塊,對(duì)匹配好的頸椎模型進(jìn)行材質(zhì)屬性的賦值和有限元網(wǎng)格的劃分,最終創(chuàng)建C1-C7全頸椎有限元模型。觀察頸椎牽引不同重量、不同牽引角度時(shí)頸部肌肉表面肌電信號(hào)的變化特點(diǎn),并與Any Body中頸椎建模仿真所得的相關(guān)肌肉力活性的變化特點(diǎn)作對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證仿真結(jié)果的合理性。并利用Any Body仿真頸椎后伸不同角度牽引所輸出的關(guān)節(jié)力和肌肉力對(duì)模型進(jìn)行有限元分析,得到頸椎各椎體上的位移及應(yīng)力分布情況,并對(duì)比分析頸椎各椎體、椎間盤、鉤椎關(guān)節(jié)在有無(wú)肌肉力作用下的力學(xué)特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)對(duì)頸椎牽引的生物力學(xué)研究,得出了頸部肌肉在牽引過(guò)程中的興奮程度和疲勞時(shí)間,并確定了牽引初期相對(duì)安全的牽引角度。最后,結(jié)合頸椎牽引實(shí)驗(yàn)所得的頸部肌肉表面肌電信號(hào)的變化特點(diǎn)和生物力學(xué)特點(diǎn),對(duì)頸椎牽引設(shè)備進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)和控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),牽引力的施加由原來(lái)的固定砝碼持續(xù)牽引改為伺服電機(jī)控制實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)、間歇式牽引,并增加了拉力傳感器信號(hào)處理與顯示模塊,能夠?qū)崟r(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)牽引力的大小,從而反饋給伺服電機(jī)控制模塊隨時(shí)調(diào)整牽引力的大小,以更好地滿足臨床對(duì)牽引治療的多方面要求,使得治療效果更顯著。
[Abstract]:Cervical traction is one of the effective ways to treat and relieve cervical spondylosis. Traction angle has obvious effect on the treatment within the range of common traction. Coupled with the rapid development of computer simulation technology. Biomechanical research on cervical vertebrae traction based on 3D modeling of medical images and finite element calculation has been widely appreciated because of the irregularity of bone shape of cervical vertebrae and the complexity of the structure of muscle and ligaments of cervical vertebrae. It is difficult to model the whole bone-muscle system of the neck. A lot of finite element analysis is focused on the cervical vertebra, intervertebral disc and ligaments. However, there are few finite element studies considering the effect of cervical muscle force on cervical traction. This paper is based on CT tomography images of normal cervical vertebrae. Using the medical image processing software Simpleware to obtain the whole contour range, through threshold analysis, regional growth, recursive Gao Si filtering and other steps, establish a vertebral body, intervertebral disc, articular cartilage. Three-dimensional Cl-C7 models of anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal ligaments, ligaments flavum, interspinous ligaments and supraspinal ligaments were introduced into reverse engineering software Geomagic Studio2013. The model was treated with denoising, hole filling and boundary restoration. The model was registered globally and manually with the cervical vertebrae derived from Any Body, and the position matching was completed. Using the finite element analysis module in Simpleware, the matched cervical vertebra model is assigned the material attribute and the finite element mesh is divided. Finally, the finite element model of C1-C7 whole cervical spine was established. The changes of EMG on the cervical muscle surface were observed with different cervical traction weights and different traction angles. And compared with the changes of muscle force activity obtained by modeling and simulation of cervical vertebrae in Any Body. To verify the rationality of the simulation results, and use Any Body to simulate the joint force and muscle force output from different angles of cervical extension traction to the finite element analysis of the model. The displacement and stress distribution on the cervical vertebrae were obtained, and the mechanical characteristics of the cervical vertebrae, intervertebral disc and hook joint under the action of muscle force or not were compared and analyzed. The biomechanical study of cervical traction was carried out. The exciting degree and fatigue time of neck muscles during traction are obtained, and the relatively safe traction angle at the beginning of traction is determined. Finally. According to the characteristics of electromyography and biomechanics of cervical muscle surface, the structure and control system of cervical traction equipment are designed. Traction applied from the original fixed weight continuous traction instead of servo motor control to achieve continuous, intermittent traction, and increased the pull sensor signal processing and display module, can real-time monitoring the size of traction. So the servo motor control module can adjust the size of traction force at any time to better meet the needs of clinical traction treatment and make the therapeutic effect more remarkable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R681.55;R318.01

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