發(fā)布時間：2019-05-27 00:15

【摘要】：注意是人類重要的認知功能之一。人的學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作中會涉及多種認知功能，其中注意功能非常關(guān)鍵，注意功能的異常與多種疾病密切相關(guān)，因此對注意神經(jīng)機制的研究具有很重要的意義。 本文圍繞注意的定向和執(zhí)行控制兩個組成成分展開研究。對于注意定向，采用腦電技術(shù)考察了視覺空間注意定向?qū)Υ碳ぬ幚淼挠绊懞屯{情緒對注意定向的影響。對執(zhí)行控制，采用近紅外光譜術(shù)（NIRS）和腦電技術(shù)結(jié)合的光電聯(lián)合手段考察了Stroop任務(wù)中執(zhí)行控制的神經(jīng)機制。主要的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： （1）在持續(xù)性注意條件下的線索-目標(biāo)任務(wù)中，結(jié)合事件相關(guān)電位（ERP）和事件相關(guān)振蕩（ERO）兩種分析，考察視覺空間注意定向?qū)Υ碳ぬ幚淼挠绊�。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)有效刺激P1幅度比無效刺激更正。有效刺激theta頻段功率顯著增加，且大于無效刺激，說明theta頻段可能表征注意資源的多少。alpha頻段在注意視野同側(cè)后部腦區(qū)功率顯著增加，體現(xiàn)了一種主動抑制機制。視覺空間注意對beta頻段的調(diào)節(jié)與alpha頻段相似，說明beta頻段可能反映了與alpha頻段類似的機制。結(jié)果說明視覺空間注意通過增強注意刺激的處理和抑制干擾刺激兩種機制的結(jié)合影響刺激的處理。 （2）情緒點探測任務(wù)中結(jié)合ERP和ERO兩種分析，考察威脅情緒相對于愉悅情緒的注意偏向。情緒線索呈現(xiàn)500ms時，威脅線索誘發(fā)的N1成分比愉悅線索更負，該效應(yīng)在額中區(qū)最大；威脅線索誘發(fā)的theta頻段功率的增加大于愉悅線索，這一效應(yīng)在后部腦區(qū)顯著。N1結(jié)果表明對威脅情緒的處理偏向與早期注意處理相關(guān)，theta結(jié)果支持了后部腦區(qū)theta同步性反映對刺激情緒意義的評估。ERP和ERO結(jié)果從不同的方面說明了注意能夠更多地定位到威脅情緒線索。 （3）聯(lián)合NIRS和腦電技術(shù)，同步測量顏色-字匹配Stroop任務(wù)中的血氧響應(yīng)和電生理響應(yīng)，以考察執(zhí)行控制的神經(jīng)機制。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)反應(yīng)時和晚正復(fù)合波（LPC）的Stroop效應(yīng)上存在性別差異。LPC的Stroop效應(yīng)只對女性被試顯著，且與女性被試較大的反應(yīng)時Stroop效應(yīng)正相關(guān)。說明LPC反映字義的額外處理，女性被試進行了更精細的語義分析，貢獻于其更大的反應(yīng)時Stroop效應(yīng)。N450的Stroop效應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在不一致刺激的行為反應(yīng)之前，且它與前額葉氧合血和蛋白（HbO2）的Stroop效應(yīng)負相關(guān)。具體為左側(cè)前額葉HbO2的Stroop效應(yīng)與N450前段（440-580ms）的Stroop效應(yīng)負相關(guān)，，而雙側(cè)前額葉HbO2的Stroop效應(yīng)與N450后段（600-680ms）的Stroop效應(yīng)負相關(guān)。這說明N450反映沖突探測和解決，左側(cè)前額葉可能參與沖突探測，而雙側(cè)前額葉參與沖突解決。 本研究加深了對注意定向和執(zhí)行控制神經(jīng)機制的理解，同時對研究疾病注意功能的異常有積極的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Attention is one of the important cognitive functions of human beings. People's study, life and work will involve a variety of cognitive functions, in which attention function is very critical, attention function abnormalities are closely related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to study the neural mechanism of attention. In this paper, the two components of attention orientation and execution control are studied. For attention orientation, the effect of visual spatial attention orientation on stimulation treatment and threat emotion on attention orientation were investigated by EEG technique. For executive control, the neural mechanism of executive control in Stroop task was investigated by the combination of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) in the clue-target task under the condition of continuous attention, combined with the analysis of event-related potential (ERP) and event-related oscillatory (ERO), To investigate the effect of visual spatial attention orientation on stimulation treatment. The results showed that the amplitude of effective stimulation P1 was corrected compared with that of ineffective stimulation. The power of effective stimulation of theta band is significantly higher than that of ineffective stimulation, which indicates that theta band may represent the amount of attention resources. The power of brain region in ipsilateral posterior part of attention field in alpha band is significantly increased, which reflects an active inhibition mechanism. The adjustment of visual spatial attention to beta band is similar to that of alpha band, which indicates that beta band may reflect the similar mechanism with alpha band. The results showed that visual spatial attention affected the processing of stimulation by enhancing the treatment of attention stimulation and inhibiting the combination of interference stimulation. (2) the attention bias of threat emotion relative to pleasure emotion was investigated by combining ERP and ERO analysis in the task of emotional point detection. When emotional cues presented 500ms, N1 components induced by threat cues were more negative than pleasure cues, and the effect was the largest in the middle forehead. The increase of theta power induced by threat cues was greater than that of pleasure cues, which was significant in the posterior brain region. N1 results showed that the bias of threat emotion management was related to early attention treatment. Theta results support the evaluation of emotional significance of theta synchronism in posterior brain regions. ERP and ERO results show that attention can be more likely to locate threatening emotional clues in different aspects. (3) combined with NIRS and EEG, the blood oxygen response and electrophysiological response in color-word matching Stroop task were measured synchronously in order to investigate the neural mechanism of executive control. The results showed that there was a gender difference in the Stroop effect between the reaction time and the late positive wave (LPC). The Stroop effect of LPC was only significant in the female subjects, and positively correlated with the Stroop effect in the female subjects. It is shown that the extra processing of LPC reflects the meaning of the word, and the female subjects performed a more detailed semantic analysis, which contributed to the Stroop effect in the larger response. The Stroop effect of N450 appeared before the behavioral response of inconsistent stimuli. It was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of prefrontal lobe oxygen and protein (HbO2). The Stroop effect of left prefrontal lobe HbO2 was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of N450 anterior segment (440-580ms), while the Stroop effect of bilateral prefrontal lobe HbO2 was negatively correlated with the Stroop effect of N450 posterior segment (600-680ms). This indicates that N450 reflects conflict detection and resolution, the left preforehead lobe may be involved in conflict detection, while the bilateral preforehead lobe may be involved in conflict resolution. This study deepens the understanding of attention orientation and executive control neural mechanism, and has positive guiding significance for the study of abnormal attention function in diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R318

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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