【摘要】：高性能計(jì)算已經(jīng)成為腦研究的必要手段,為腦研究開(kāi)啟了全新的研究視角和研究模式;反過(guò)來(lái)腦研究為高性能計(jì)算提供新思路、提出了新要求,催生著新型計(jì)算模式的出現(xiàn).具體來(lái)說(shuō):(1)近年來(lái)腦觀測(cè)技術(shù)性能不斷提升,多模態(tài)觀測(cè)普遍采用,全球范圍內(nèi)交叉聯(lián)合研究也越來(lái)越成為常態(tài),使得"大數(shù)據(jù)"和"云計(jì)算"成為腦研究的一種嶄新研究視角和研究方法;(2)信息科學(xué)家提出了深度神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)、脈沖神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)等大規(guī)模學(xué)習(xí)算法,這些算法從神經(jīng)科學(xué)中汲取了營(yíng)養(yǎng),顯著提升了自身性能,實(shí)現(xiàn)了人腦智能的某些特征,具有大腦計(jì)算模式高效率、低功耗的特征,在多領(lǐng)域內(nèi)取得了顯著的成效.這些算法的研究和實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)高性能計(jì)算提出了越來(lái)越高的要求,給目前基于傳統(tǒng)微處理器和計(jì)算架構(gòu)的計(jì)算平臺(tái)帶來(lái)了幾乎無(wú)法克服的困難;(3)信息科學(xué)家和神經(jīng)科學(xué)家聯(lián)合,開(kāi)始在類(lèi)腦微處理器和類(lèi)腦計(jì)算架構(gòu)等層面上開(kāi)展新型類(lèi)腦計(jì)算探索性研究,取得的研究進(jìn)展顯示了該領(lǐng)域未來(lái)充滿希望.基于以上三點(diǎn)原因,高性能計(jì)算和腦科學(xué)研究正越來(lái)越緊密地交織在一起,彼此融入了對(duì)方的發(fā)展.文中以腦研究為切入點(diǎn),分別從高性能計(jì)算對(duì)腦研究的技術(shù)支撐以及腦研究對(duì)高性能計(jì)算的啟發(fā)和推動(dòng)兩個(gè)方面對(duì)腦科學(xué)視角下的高性能計(jì)算的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了討論.
[Abstract]:High-performance computing has become a necessary means of brain research, opening up a new research perspective and research model; in turn, brain research provides a new way of thinking for high-performance computing, puts forward new requirements, and spawns the emergence of new computing models. Specifically: (1) in recent years, the performance of brain observation technology has been continuously improved, multi-modal observation is widely used, and cross-joint research is becoming more and more normal all over the world. Make "big data" and "cloud computing" become a new research perspective and research method of brain research; (2) Information scientists have proposed large-scale learning algorithms such as deep neural network and pulse neural network. These algorithms draw nutrition from neuroscience, significantly improve their own performance, and realize some characteristics of human brain intelligence. With the characteristics of high efficiency and low power consumption of brain computing pattern, it has achieved remarkable results in many fields. The research and implementation of these algorithms put forward higher and higher requirements for high-performance computing, which brings almost insurmountable difficulties to the current computing platform based on traditional microprocessor and computing architecture. (3) Information scientists and neuroscientists began to carry out exploratory research on brain-like microprocessor and brain-like computing architecture. The research progress shows that the future of this field is full of hope. For the above three reasons, high-performance computing and brain science research are more and more closely intertwined and integrated into each other's development. Taking brain research as the starting point, this paper discusses the present situation and development trend of high performance computing in the perspective of brain science from two aspects: the technical support of high performance computing to brain research and the inspiration and promotion of brain research to high performance computing.
【作者單位】： 國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)機(jī)電工程與自動(dòng)化學(xué)院;國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)國(guó)家高性能計(jì)算重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家重大應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃(2013CB329400) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(61473305,61375034)資助~~
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318;TP38

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