【摘要】：自然界存在著很多有著優(yōu)良力學(xué)性能的生物復(fù)合材料，人體骨骼就是其中一種，骨骼通過(guò)優(yōu)良的復(fù)合與構(gòu)造,使其具有很高的強(qiáng)度、剛度以及韌性，在骨骼內(nèi)部、端部廣泛的分布著松質(zhì)骨。 松質(zhì)骨具有骨小梁的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，使得骨整體具有著良好的吸能特性。本文采用均勻化方法，對(duì)其中吸能特性良好的蜂窩模型進(jìn)行均勻化處理，計(jì)算其模型的相關(guān)基本常數(shù)，了解其結(jié)構(gòu)相應(yīng)的性能。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們已經(jīng)不滿足材料的單純輕質(zhì)化，更加關(guān)注的是材料某幾種優(yōu)良性能的結(jié)合，本文所研究的多孔介質(zhì)，六邊形胞體結(jié)構(gòu)可以承受軸向力、彎矩和剪力，可以作為用于復(fù)合材料層合板中，以吸能層作為單獨(dú)一層存在，大大提高層合板的機(jī)械性能。 本文對(duì)松質(zhì)骨的壓電特性進(jìn)行了定量的研究。對(duì)松質(zhì)骨細(xì)觀模型進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，得到四種簡(jiǎn)化模型，確定相關(guān)參數(shù)和荷載波形對(duì)四種模型進(jìn)行壓電分析，采用數(shù)值方法對(duì)模型單胞的力電分析，對(duì)四個(gè)胞體模型在沖擊波荷載作用下產(chǎn)生的位移、應(yīng)力應(yīng)變、電位、電場(chǎng)、電流密度，電位移場(chǎng)的變化進(jìn)行相應(yīng)探討，，對(duì)沖擊波治療骨質(zhì)疏松癥得到相關(guān)的理論依據(jù)，并揭示其治療機(jī)理。通過(guò)研究松質(zhì)骨力—電性質(zhì)可以明確應(yīng)力波對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松癥、骨不連及其他骨科疾病的治療產(chǎn)生的積極作用。 工程中使用的吸能元件一般是復(fù)合材料管，復(fù)合材料具有重量輕、強(qiáng)度高、剛度好、輸送液體阻力小、清潔衛(wèi)生、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，廣泛應(yīng)用在城市給水、污水排放等工程。與模型三的結(jié)構(gòu)具有相似性，本文模擬哈佛式管制備了一批玻璃纖維/聚酯樹(shù)脂基體復(fù)合材料管件，研究其鋪層方式、端部引發(fā)方式對(duì)管件吸能效果的影響，以及復(fù)合材料層合殼體結(jié)構(gòu)壓潰的過(guò)程和機(jī)理。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用沖擊荷載，對(duì)該批次的圓柱殼進(jìn)行沖擊實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)鋪層60°的管件的比吸能優(yōu)于其他鋪層結(jié)構(gòu)，各種引發(fā)方式，無(wú)論是內(nèi)、外倒角還是尖角型和圓角型，都能達(dá)到降低初始峰值的作用，對(duì)被保護(hù)物件起到很好的緩沖吸能作用，同時(shí)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)骨內(nèi)“哈佛式”結(jié)構(gòu)吸能特性，結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)有更深一步的了解。
[Abstract]:There are many biomaterials with excellent mechanical properties in nature. Human bones are one of them. Bones are made of high strength, stiffness and toughness through excellent composition and structure. The cancellous bone is widely distributed at the end. The cancellous bone has the microstructure of trabeculae, which makes the whole bone have good energy absorption characteristics. In this paper, the homogenization method is used to homogenize the honeycomb model with good energy absorption characteristics, and the relative basic constants of its model are calculated, and the corresponding performance of its structure is understood. With the development of science and technology, people are not satisfied with the pure lightweight of materials, but pay more attention to the combination of some excellent properties of materials. The hexagonal cell body structure studied in this paper can withstand axial force, bending moment and shear force. It can be used in composite laminates and energy absorption layer as a single layer, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of laminates. The piezoelectric properties of cancellous bone were studied quantitatively in this paper. Four simplified models were obtained by simplifying the meso-model of cancellous bone. The piezoelectric analysis of the four models was carried out by determining the relevant parameters and load waveforms, and the electromechanical analysis of the unit cell of the model was carried out by numerical method. The changes of displacement, stress and strain, potential, electric field, electric current density and electric displacement field produced by four cell body models under shock wave loading were discussed, and the theoretical basis for shock wave treatment of osteoporosis was obtained. The therapeutic mechanism was revealed. The effect of stress wave on the treatment of osteoporosis, nonunion and other orthopaedic diseases can be determined by studying the mechanical and electrical properties of cancellous bone. The energy absorption elements used in engineering are generally composite pipes, which have the advantages of light weight, high strength, good stiffness, low resistance to conveying liquid, clean and sanitary, low cost, etc., which are widely used in urban water supply, sewage discharge and other projects. Similar to the structure of model 3, a batch of glass fiber / polyester resin matrix composite pipe fittings were prepared by simulating Harvard tube, and the effects of coating mode and end initiation mode on the energy absorption of pipe fittings were studied. And the process and mechanism of laminated shell structure collapse. The experimental results show that the specific energy absorption of the tube with 60 擄layer is better than that of other laminated structures, and all kinds of initiation methods, whether internal, external chamfer, sharp angle or circular angle, are used to study the impact test of this batch of cylindrical shells, and it is found that the specific energy absorption of the tube with 60 擄layer is superior to that of the other layers. Both of them can reduce the initial peak value and play a good role in buffering and absorbing energy of protected objects. At the same time, through experiments, we have a better understanding of the energy absorption characteristics and structural characteristics of the "Harvard" structure in bone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R318.01

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