【摘要】：由于疾病、運(yùn)動(dòng)創(chuàng)傷和老齡化等因素導(dǎo)致的關(guān)節(jié)病變和損傷嚴(yán)重影響了人們的生活質(zhì)量，需要借助人工關(guān)節(jié)置換來(lái)恢復(fù)功能。本文第一部分通過(guò)建立人工股骨頭—頸的有限元模型，應(yīng)用三維非線性有限元分析方法模擬了氧化鋯陶瓷股骨頭—鈦合金股骨柄的應(yīng)力分布情況，通過(guò)改變股骨頭假體模型的各種設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)，分析了股骨頭的最大等效應(yīng)力及分布特征。氧化鋯陶瓷股骨頭應(yīng)力分布云圖顯示，氧化鋯陶瓷股骨頭應(yīng)力分布與其臨床斷裂面形貌特征完全符合。研究表明，隨著靜載荷增大，陶瓷股骨頭的最大等效應(yīng)力也隨之增大；隨著錐孔錐度增大，陶瓷股骨頭的最大等效應(yīng)力呈現(xiàn)先降低后升高的趨勢(shì)變化；隨著頸干角增大，陶瓷股骨頭的最大等效應(yīng)力隨之減��；隨著陶瓷股骨頭直徑的增大，，陶瓷股骨頭的最大等效應(yīng)力值逐漸減小。以上有限元模型的分析結(jié)果，不僅為陶瓷股骨頭的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、組織優(yōu)化和材料選擇提供了十分有價(jià)值的實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)，同時(shí)，也為陶瓷股骨頭的臨床應(yīng)用提出了有用的參考。 隨著先進(jìn)材料制造工藝的不斷發(fā)展，陶瓷注射成型技術(shù)作為一種新型的近凈成型技術(shù)，已受到廣大材料專家的普遍關(guān)注并在精密陶瓷生產(chǎn)行業(yè)得到逐漸應(yīng)用。陶瓷注射成型技術(shù)包括喂料制備，注射成型，脫脂和燒結(jié)四個(gè)主要步驟，然而，脫脂和燒結(jié)階段是該技術(shù)實(shí)施過(guò)程中控制最難和耗時(shí)最長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。 本文第二部分基于ZrO_2陶瓷粉末注射成型技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，探討了該技術(shù)在氧化鋯陶瓷股骨頭生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，特別深入研究了低溫?zé)崦撝^(guò)程及機(jī)理。以蠟基ZrO_2陶瓷粉末注射喂料的熱分析規(guī)律為依據(jù)，分析了蠟基喂料的熱脫脂過(guò)程，探討了蠟基喂料的熱脫脂機(jī)理。通過(guò)對(duì)熱脫脂前后ZrO_2陶瓷粉末注射成型球坯的重量損失、尺寸收縮、外觀缺陷和微觀組織形貌的分析評(píng)估，著重探討了蠟基ZrO_2陶瓷粉末注射成型球坯熱脫脂過(guò)程中存在的主要缺陷和成因。研究表明，流蠟、鼓泡和開(kāi)裂等熱脫脂缺陷主要發(fā)生在低溫脫脂階段。然后，結(jié)合“失重率控制”和“定點(diǎn)等溫控制”的熱脫脂思路，給出了優(yōu)化蠟基ZrO_2陶瓷粉末注射成型球坯熱脫脂工藝的基本原則。最后，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)熱脫脂工藝進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)和優(yōu)化。在不延長(zhǎng)總脫脂時(shí)間的前提下，顯著提高了蠟基ZrO_2陶瓷注射成型球坯的脫脂合格率，并且燒結(jié)獲得了致密的ZrO_2陶瓷球頭。
[Abstract]:Joint diseases and injuries caused by diseases, sports injuries and aging seriously affect people's quality of life, and need artificial joint replacement to restore their functions. In the first part of this paper, by establishing the finite element model of artificial femoral head and neck, the stress distribution of zirconia ceramic femoral head and titanium alloy femur handle is simulated by using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element method. By changing the design parameters of the femoral head prosthesis model, the maximum equivalent stress and distribution characteristics of the femoral head are analyzed. The stress distribution of the femoral head of zirconia ceramic shows that the stress distribution of the femoral head of zirconia ceramics is in good agreement with the morphology of its clinical fracture surface. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of ceramic femoral head increases with the increase of static load, and the maximum equivalent stress of ceramic femoral head decreases first and then increases with the increase of cone taper. The maximum equivalent stress of ceramic femoral head decreases with the increase of neck shaft angle, and decreases with the increase of ceramic femoral head diameter. The analysis results of the above finite element model not only provide a valuable experimental basis for the structural design, tissue optimization and material selection of ceramic femoral head, but also provide a useful reference for the clinical application of ceramic femoral head. With the continuous development of advanced material manufacturing technology, ceramic injection molding technology, as a new type of near-net molding technology, has been widely concerned by material experts and gradually applied in the precision ceramic production industry. Ceramic injection molding technology includes four main steps: feed preparation, injection molding, degreasing and sintering. However, degreasing and sintering stage are the most difficult and time-consuming key steps in the implementation of the technology. In the second part, based on the application of ZrO_2 ceramic powder injection molding technology, the key link of the technology in the production of zirconia ceramic femoral head is discussed, especially the process and mechanism of low-temperature thermal degreasing. Based on the thermal analysis rule of wax-based ZrO_2 ceramic powder injection feed, the thermal degreasing process of wax-based feed was analyzed, and the mechanism of wax-based feed thermal degreasing was discussed. The weight loss, size shrinkage, appearance defect and microstructure of ZrO_2 ceramic powder injection molding were analyzed and evaluated before and after thermal degreasing. The main defects and causes of thermal degreasing of wax-based ZrO_2 ceramic powder injection molding ball billet were discussed. The results show that the thermal degreasing defects, such as wax flow, bubbling and cracking, mainly occur at the stage of low temperature degreasing. Then, combined with the ideas of "weight loss rate control" and "fixed-point isothermal control", the basic principles for optimizing the thermal degreasing process of wax-based ZrO_2 ceramic powder injection molding ball billet were given. Finally, the traditional thermal degreasing process was improved and optimized. On the premise of not prolonging the total degreasing time, the degreasing qualification rate of wax-based ZrO_2 ceramic injection molding ball was improved significantly, and the compact ZrO_2 ceramic ball head was obtained by sintering.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R318.01

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