左心室輔助裝置磁懸浮技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-08 14:34
【摘要】：心力衰竭是人類面臨的最具挑戰(zhàn)性的心血管疾病，每年奪走全球數(shù)十萬人的生命。對(duì)于終末期心衰，心臟移植是現(xiàn)今最有效的治療手段，但是自然心臟供體的數(shù)量難以滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的臨床需要。 人工心臟是以機(jī)械裝置的方式將血液輸送到人體的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中，來輔助或代替自然心臟的泵血功能。心衰患者大多數(shù)表現(xiàn)為左心室功能的衰竭，很多患者只需要進(jìn)行左心室的輔助治療，就能夠有效度過心臟移植手術(shù)的等待期，甚至心肌功能逐漸恢復(fù)正常。因此，左心室輔助裝置是人工心臟研究領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要分支，被視為未來人工心臟的主要研究對(duì)象。 磁懸浮技術(shù)以其非接觸、無摩擦、壽命長(zhǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，很好地減少早期左心室輔助裝置中因機(jī)械磨損引起的血栓、溶血以及發(fā)熱等一系列問題，將磁懸浮技術(shù)應(yīng)用到左心室輔助裝置是當(dāng)前一個(gè)新興的研究方向。國(guó)際上針對(duì)磁懸浮左心室輔助裝的研究取得了長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)有少量的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用到臨床試驗(yàn)中，但都是以主動(dòng)加被動(dòng)的方式或是被動(dòng)的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)懸浮，并非在五個(gè)自由度上實(shí)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)全磁懸浮。 本文提出了以DSP為核心控制器的主動(dòng)全磁懸浮左心室輔助裝置的設(shè)計(jì)，整個(gè)系統(tǒng)由位移傳感器、數(shù)字控制器、功率放大器、電磁鐵、轉(zhuǎn)子五個(gè)部分組成。數(shù)字控制器DSP采集位移傳感器輸出的轉(zhuǎn)子位移信號(hào)，通過改進(jìn)型PID控制算法輸出控制信號(hào)，經(jīng)由功率放大器放大后輸出到電磁鐵中控制轉(zhuǎn)子穩(wěn)定懸浮。本文在論述了左心室輔助裝置的發(fā)展背景和研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，闡明了課題研究的意義。在此基礎(chǔ)上，論文主要完成了一下工作： (1)對(duì)磁懸浮左心室輔助裝置進(jìn)行了基礎(chǔ)理論和工作原理的分析介紹，根據(jù)左心室輔助裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)計(jì)加工了實(shí)驗(yàn)用的部分機(jī)械零件。建立了磁懸浮轉(zhuǎn)子單自由度數(shù)學(xué)模型，通過對(duì)模型的分析得到了系統(tǒng)的等效傳遞函數(shù)。 (2)針對(duì)磁懸浮左心室輔助裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)及性能要求，設(shè)計(jì)選型了DSP數(shù)字控制器及其外圍硬件電路，TMS320F2812以其高速的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力、快速的中斷響應(yīng)以及豐富的外設(shè)資源能夠很好的滿足控制系統(tǒng)的處理要求。 (3)本文重點(diǎn)分析研究了幾種改進(jìn)型的PID控制算法，并使用MATLAB仿真對(duì)比分析，凸顯該種改進(jìn)PID的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；結(jié)合磁懸浮轉(zhuǎn)子的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，提出了將積分分離和帶死區(qū)的數(shù)字PID控制算法相結(jié)合的控制策略。 (4)在實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)上，測(cè)量了轉(zhuǎn)子在不同轉(zhuǎn)速下振動(dòng)位移，并使用MATLAB分析了轉(zhuǎn)子的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，為后續(xù)研究提供了數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:Heart failure is the most challenging cardiovascular disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year. Heart transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage heart failure, but the number of natural heart donors is difficult to meet the increasing clinical needs. Artificial heart is a mechanical way to transport blood to the circulatory system of the human body to assist or replace the pump function of the natural heart. The majority of patients with heart failure are left ventricular failure, many patients only need to carry out the left ventricular adjuvant therapy, can effectively survive the waiting period of heart transplantation, and even gradually return to normal myocardial function. Therefore, left ventricular assistive device is an important branch of artificial heart research field, and is regarded as the main research object of artificial heart in the future. Magnetic levitation technology, with its advantages of non-contact, non-friction, long life, and so on, can reduce a series of problems such as thrombosis, hemolysis and fever caused by mechanical wear in early left ventricular assistive devices. The application of magnetic levitation technology to left ventricular assistive devices is a new research direction. The research on magnetic levitation left ventricular accessory device has made long-term development in the world. A small number of products have been used in clinical trials, but they are realized in active and passive way or passive way. Active magnetic levitation is not realized at five degrees of freedom. This paper presents the design of an active magnetic levitation left ventricular auxiliary device with DSP as the core controller. The whole system consists of five parts: displacement sensor, digital controller, power amplifier, electromagnet and rotor. The digital controller DSP collects the rotor displacement signal from the displacement sensor, outputs the control signal through the improved PID control algorithm, and outputs the control signal to the electromagnet to control the rotor stable suspension after amplification by the power amplifier. In this paper, the development background and research status of left ventricular assistive devices are discussed, and the significance of the research is clarified. On this basis, the thesis mainly completes the following work: (1) the basic theory and working principle of the magnetic levitation left ventricular assist device are analyzed and introduced, according to the structure of the left ventricular assist device, Some mechanical parts used in experiment are designed and processed. The single degree of freedom mathematical model of maglev rotor is established, and the equivalent transfer function of the system is obtained by analyzing the model. (2) according to the structure and performance requirements of the magnetic levitation left ventricular auxiliary device, the DSP digital controller and its peripheral hardware circuit are designed and selected. The TMS320F2812 has the high speed data processing ability. Fast interrupt response and abundant peripheral resources can meet the requirements of the control system. (3) several improved PID control algorithms are analyzed and studied in this paper, and the advantages of the improved PID are highlighted by MATLAB simulation. Combined with the dynamic characteristics of maglev rotor, a control strategy combining integral separation with digital PID control algorithm with dead time is proposed. (4) on the experimental platform, the vibration displacement of the rotor at different rotational speeds is measured, and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor are analyzed by using MATLAB, which provides data support for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R318.6;TP273
本文編號(hào)：2368518
[Abstract]:Heart failure is the most challenging cardiovascular disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people every year. Heart transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage heart failure, but the number of natural heart donors is difficult to meet the increasing clinical needs. Artificial heart is a mechanical way to transport blood to the circulatory system of the human body to assist or replace the pump function of the natural heart. The majority of patients with heart failure are left ventricular failure, many patients only need to carry out the left ventricular adjuvant therapy, can effectively survive the waiting period of heart transplantation, and even gradually return to normal myocardial function. Therefore, left ventricular assistive device is an important branch of artificial heart research field, and is regarded as the main research object of artificial heart in the future. Magnetic levitation technology, with its advantages of non-contact, non-friction, long life, and so on, can reduce a series of problems such as thrombosis, hemolysis and fever caused by mechanical wear in early left ventricular assistive devices. The application of magnetic levitation technology to left ventricular assistive devices is a new research direction. The research on magnetic levitation left ventricular accessory device has made long-term development in the world. A small number of products have been used in clinical trials, but they are realized in active and passive way or passive way. Active magnetic levitation is not realized at five degrees of freedom. This paper presents the design of an active magnetic levitation left ventricular auxiliary device with DSP as the core controller. The whole system consists of five parts: displacement sensor, digital controller, power amplifier, electromagnet and rotor. The digital controller DSP collects the rotor displacement signal from the displacement sensor, outputs the control signal through the improved PID control algorithm, and outputs the control signal to the electromagnet to control the rotor stable suspension after amplification by the power amplifier. In this paper, the development background and research status of left ventricular assistive devices are discussed, and the significance of the research is clarified. On this basis, the thesis mainly completes the following work: (1) the basic theory and working principle of the magnetic levitation left ventricular assist device are analyzed and introduced, according to the structure of the left ventricular assist device, Some mechanical parts used in experiment are designed and processed. The single degree of freedom mathematical model of maglev rotor is established, and the equivalent transfer function of the system is obtained by analyzing the model. (2) according to the structure and performance requirements of the magnetic levitation left ventricular auxiliary device, the DSP digital controller and its peripheral hardware circuit are designed and selected. The TMS320F2812 has the high speed data processing ability. Fast interrupt response and abundant peripheral resources can meet the requirements of the control system. (3) several improved PID control algorithms are analyzed and studied in this paper, and the advantages of the improved PID are highlighted by MATLAB simulation. Combined with the dynamic characteristics of maglev rotor, a control strategy combining integral separation with digital PID control algorithm with dead time is proposed. (4) on the experimental platform, the vibration displacement of the rotor at different rotational speeds is measured, and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor are analyzed by using MATLAB, which provides data support for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R318.6;TP273
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