【摘要】：膠原蛋白是一類結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、種類和功能多樣的大家族。到目前為止,已經(jīng)有28種不同類型的膠原蛋白被發(fā)現(xiàn)。其中有三種膠原蛋白(I型、II型、III型)含量最為豐富,占人體膠原蛋白含量的90%以上。它們具有完美的(Gly-X-Y)n重復(fù)序列模式和獨(dú)特的三重螺旋結(jié)構(gòu),在人體內(nèi)可以組裝為高級纖維結(jié)構(gòu)。膠原蛋白纖維形成一個分子支架,為人體提供結(jié)構(gòu)完整性和機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。膠原蛋白作為細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)的主要組成部分,由于其優(yōu)越的生物學(xué)性能和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),在再生醫(yī)學(xué)和組織工程等領(lǐng)域廣為應(yīng)用。因此,研究膠原蛋白仿生材料,不僅會增進(jìn)我們對膠原蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的理解,而且為設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)仿生材料等新型生物功能材料提供了新的思路。基于以上研究背景,本文主要圍繞膠原蛋白新型仿生材料的設(shè)計(jì)、合成以及性質(zhì)表征來展開研究,內(nèi)容介紹如下:第一章:我們主要介紹了膠原蛋白的發(fā)展史、分類和結(jié)構(gòu),并概述了多肽自組裝納米材料的發(fā)展以及生物礦化。第二章:我們希望設(shè)計(jì)膠原多肽來模擬天然膠原蛋白的性質(zhì)。我們首次構(gòu)建了膠原多肽-鑭系金屬(Ln~(3+))體系,在Ln~(3+)的介導(dǎo)下,膠原多肽自組裝形成有序的納米繩結(jié)構(gòu),并很好地仿生了膠原蛋白特有的周期性條紋。Ln~(3+)作為光致發(fā)光材料,具有發(fā)光壽命長、毒性低、線性發(fā)射、光化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Ln~(3+)不僅可以專一、可逆地調(diào)控多肽的自組裝,并且賦予膠原多肽仿生材料獨(dú)特的光學(xué)性能,在細(xì)胞成像、醫(yī)學(xué)診斷和細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的發(fā)光支架等領(lǐng)域具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。第三章:我們以膠原蛋白為生物模板制備了形貌可控的Fe_2O_3納米材料。與以前報道的蛋白質(zhì)模板相比,我們的重組膠原蛋白不僅能夠以較低的濃度更高效的調(diào)節(jié)赤鐵礦晶體的分層組裝結(jié)構(gòu),而且可以調(diào)控出形貌更豐富多樣的納米結(jié)構(gòu)。膠原蛋白特異性的三重螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)和氨基酸重復(fù)序列,可能賦予膠原蛋白作為生物模板的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢。研究表明,蛋白質(zhì)不同的序列和結(jié)構(gòu)特征可以調(diào)控新穎的納米結(jié)構(gòu),對發(fā)展新型的蛋白-無機(jī)復(fù)合納米材料具有重要意義。第四章:我們發(fā)展了一種生物礦化的方法,來制備蛋白酶-稀土離子的有機(jī)-無機(jī)復(fù)合納米材料。在溫和的生物礦化條件下,蛋白酶介導(dǎo)稀土離子形成球形納米材料;與此同時,固定在高表面積的球形復(fù)合材料上的蛋白酶,表現(xiàn)出良好的活性。不僅比游離的蛋白酶更穩(wěn)定,而且可以多次反復(fù)使用。研究表明,生物礦化為構(gòu)建新型蛋白酶-無機(jī)復(fù)合材料提供了新的方法,在生物傳感器、生物催化等領(lǐng)域具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Collagen is a large family with complex structure, variety and function. So far, 28 different types of collagen have been found. Three kinds of collagen (type I, II, III) are the most abundant, accounting for more than 90% of human collagen. They have perfect (Gly-X-Y) n repeat pattern and unique triple helix structure, which can be assembled into advanced fiber structure in human body. Collagen fibers form a molecular scaffold that provides the human body with structural integrity and mechanical strength. Collagen, as the main component of extracellular matrix, has been widely used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties and structural characteristics. Therefore, the study of collagen biomimetic materials will not only enhance our understanding of the structure and function of collagen, but also provide a new idea for the design of novel biological functional materials such as extracellular matrix biomimetic materials. Based on the above research background, this paper mainly focuses on the design, synthesis and characterization of collagen biomimetic materials. The main contents are as follows: chapter 1: we mainly introduce the history, classification and structure of collagen. The development and biomineralization of polypeptide self-assembled nanomaterials were also reviewed. Chapter 2: we want to design collagen peptides to simulate the nature of natural collagen. The collagen polypeptide lanthanide metal (Ln~ (3) system was constructed for the first time. Under the mediation of Ln~ (3), the collagen polypeptide self-assembled into an ordered nanowire structure. Ln~ (3), as a photoluminescence material, has the advantages of long luminescence life, low toxicity, linear emission, high photochemical stability and so on. Ln~ (3) is not only specific. It can control the self-assembly of polypeptide and endow with unique optical properties of collagen peptide biomimetic material. It has good application prospect in the fields of cell imaging, medical diagnosis and luminescent scaffold for cell culture and so on. Chapter 3: we prepared Fe_2O_3 nanomaterials with controllable morphology using collagen as a biological template. Compared with the previously reported protein templates, our recombinant collagen can not only regulate the layered assembly structure of hematite crystals at lower concentrations, but also regulate the morphology of the nanostructures. The specific triple helix structure and amino acid repeats of collagen may give collagen a unique advantage as a biological template. The results show that different sequences and structural characteristics of proteins can regulate novel nanostructures and play an important role in the development of new protein-inorganic composite nanomaterials. Chapter 4: we developed a biomineralization method to prepare organic-inorganic composite nanomaterials of protease-rare earth ions. Under mild biomineralization conditions, protease mediates rare earth ions to form spherical nanomaterials. At the same time, protease immobilized on high surface area spherical composites exhibits good activity. It is not only more stable than free protease, but also can be used repeatedly. The study shows that biomineralization provides a new method for the construction of new protease-inorganic composite materials, and has important significance in biosensor, biocatalysis and other fields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R318.08

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