【摘要】：鉛是目前已知對(duì)人體危害最嚴(yán)重的金屬元素之一，嚴(yán)重危害神經(jīng)、造血系統(tǒng)及消化系統(tǒng)。鉛中毒的來(lái)源有很多方面，如空氣、飲水、食物、含鉛汽油污染等。鉛中毒對(duì)兒童的傷害更為嚴(yán)重，，尤其是對(duì)智力發(fā)育和身體成長(zhǎng)的危害最為明顯。因此普及醫(yī)院的血鉛檢測(cè)對(duì)兒童的健康成長(zhǎng)具有重要意義。本文比較了各種血鉛測(cè)量方法的優(yōu)劣，并分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外血鉛儀研究現(xiàn)狀。本文研究了方波溶出伏安法的原理，并將電化學(xué)分析方法應(yīng)用到實(shí)際血液樣品痕量鉛的分析中。 本設(shè)計(jì)使用當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)研究的三電極化學(xué)體系，利用精密運(yùn)放精確控制電化學(xué)反應(yīng)電壓，再利用電化學(xué)傳感器將化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)換為微電流。本課題中設(shè)計(jì)了以LPC2368芯片為微控制器的血鉛分析儀硬件控制系統(tǒng)，包括利用DAC和精密運(yùn)放構(gòu)成的恒電位電路，利用特殊運(yùn)放采樣方法和高精度ADC構(gòu)成的微電流測(cè)量電路，核心控制芯片模塊及外圍電路及線性電源、數(shù)據(jù)通訊、打印等電路,可對(duì)電化學(xué)反應(yīng)中的電壓、電流進(jìn)行測(cè)量和控制。軟件部分使用C語(yǔ)言在Keil開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境下進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，主要實(shí)現(xiàn)了三電極體系的電化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)算法及實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)處理與通訊、菜單設(shè)置、數(shù)據(jù)打印等功能。另外，本課題針對(duì)三電極體系中微電流采集中容易出現(xiàn)的干擾問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究，有效降低了系統(tǒng)電源噪聲，電路板干擾，系統(tǒng)干擾等，大大提高了系統(tǒng)精度。本設(shè)計(jì)取得了較好的效果，研制了一款抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、靈敏度高、操作簡(jiǎn)單的快速數(shù)字式血鉛分析儀。 最后，通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液和實(shí)際血鉛樣品的測(cè)量對(duì)血鉛分析儀的性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。通過(guò)測(cè)試儀表測(cè)量濃度的線性效果和可重復(fù)性表明，本論文設(shè)計(jì)的血鉛分析儀符合快速數(shù)字式血鉛儀的性能指標(biāo)要求。
[Abstract]:Lead is one of the most serious metallic elements known to the human body, which seriously endangers the nerves, the hematopoietic system and the digestive system. There are many sources of water, such as air, drinking water, food, leaded gasoline pollution, etc. Child injury is more serious for children, especially for mental development and physical growth. Therefore, universal hospital's blood lead detection plays an important role in the healthy growth of children. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of various blood lead measurement methods, and analyzes the current status of blood lead analyzer at home and abroad. In this paper, the principle of square-wave dissolving volt-ampere method is studied, and the electrochemical analysis method is applied to the analysis of trace lead in blood samples. This design uses the three-electrode chemical system of current hot spot research, precisely controls the electrochemical reaction voltage with precision transportation, and then uses the electrochemical sensor to convert chemical energy into micro The hardware control system of blood lead analyzer based on LPC2368 chip as microcontroller is designed, which includes the constant potential circuit composed of DAC and precision transportation amplifier, and the micro-current measurement composed of special load-discharge sampling method and high-precision ADC. the circuit, the core control chip module and the peripheral circuit and the linear power supply, data communication, printing and the like can measure the voltage and current in the electrochemical reaction; The software part is designed by Clanguage in Keil development environment, which mainly realizes the electrochemical experiment algorithm and experiment data processing and communication, menu setting, data printing and the like of the three-electrode system. In addition, the problem of interference in micro-current acquisition in three-electrode system is studied, and the system power supply noise, circuit board interference, system interference and so on are effectively reduced, and the system is greatly improved. Precision. This design has achieved good results, developed a fast digital blood lead with strong anti-jamming capability, high sensitivity and simple operation. finally, the performance of the blood lead analyzer is measured by the measurement of the standard solution and the actual blood lead sample The linearity effect and repeatability of the measured concentration of the test instrument show that the blood lead analyzer designed in this paper is compatible with the rapid digital blood lead analyzer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318.6

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本文編號(hào)：2277217