基于光腔衰蕩光譜技術(shù)的呼吸丙酮分析儀設計
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 07:18
【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學科技的發(fā)展和多學科的交叉融合,作為醫(yī)學研究前沿的重大疾病早期診斷技術(shù)也在不斷突破和創(chuàng)新。尤其是用于重大疾病診斷的呼吸生物標記物(Biomaker)技術(shù)得到了快速發(fā)展。醫(yī)學研究表明,呼吸氣體中的化學標識物含量可以反映人體的代謝狀況及健康狀況,當人體的臟器或組織損傷病變之后,其功能變化會引起相應代謝產(chǎn)物的改變。這些代謝產(chǎn)物能夠通過氣血屏障進入肺部,從而引起呼出氣組分的改變,最終表征為排出體外的某些特定氣體濃度升高,因而這些特定氣體可以作為一些疾病的生物標志物。 傳統(tǒng)用于呼吸檢測的氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)的分析方法可以將呼吸氣體標志物的測量精度達到ppb乃至ppt量級,但是該方法耗費時間長,儀器體積龐大,成本較高,目前只適宜于實驗室研究,無法進入實質(zhì)的臨床階段,很難實現(xiàn)儀器的便攜化而走入社區(qū)及家庭。光腔衰蕩光譜(Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, CRDS)技術(shù)作為一種高精度、超靈敏的光譜吸收測量方法,具有測量結(jié)果不受入射光強起伏影響、有效光程長及測量準確度高、靈敏度高等優(yōu)點,有望成為未來呼吸氣體分析領域的首選技術(shù)。 本文以糖尿病的呼吸標志物丙酮為測量對象,針對丙酮吸收光譜的特異性,選擇合適的激光光譜波段作為系統(tǒng)的入射光源,設計并搭建基于CRDS技術(shù)的丙酮分析系統(tǒng)硬件平臺,詳細分析了各模塊的選擇依據(jù),完成原理驗證；經(jīng)測定,該系統(tǒng)的空腔穩(wěn)定性達0.4%,測量人體呼吸狀態(tài)下的系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性達1.4%,重復性高；在該系統(tǒng)下測量了實驗室空氣的衰蕩信號,計算在空氣中的吸收率為5.95±0.25×10-4；初步測量健康人體呼吸丙酮含量,為實現(xiàn)糖尿病的無創(chuàng)檢測奠定基礎。 全文一共分為五章： 第一章較為詳細地介紹了呼吸氣體分析的醫(yī)學背景、課題研究意義及國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀； 第二章主要介紹了CRDS技術(shù)的工作原理及自行設計搭建的基于CRDS技術(shù)呼吸丙酮分析系統(tǒng),對系統(tǒng)的光源、衰蕩腔、信號探測及數(shù)據(jù)處理等各方面進行了詳細地分析； 第三章中測量空腔下的衰蕩時間信號,計算反射鏡的反射率,空腔穩(wěn)定性達0.4%,重復性高；進行了丙酮氣體的初步測量；在該系統(tǒng)下測量了實驗室空氣的衰蕩信號,空氣的吸收率為5.95±0.25×10-4；測量了健康人體呼吸氣體,測量人體呼吸狀態(tài)下的系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性達1.4%,.初步分析了健康人呼吸丙酮含量,實驗結(jié)果表明本文所設計的儀器運行良好,可實現(xiàn)人體呼吸丙酮的測量,為糖尿病的無創(chuàng)檢測奠定基礎。 第四章里主要從光學干擾、檢測電路干擾和信號噪聲這三個角度對系統(tǒng)誤差進行分析。 第五章對基于CRDS技術(shù)的呼吸丙酮氣體分析系統(tǒng)進行總結(jié)與討論,并對下一步的工作進行了規(guī)劃。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern medical science and technology and the cross-integration of many disciplines, the early diagnosis technology of major diseases, which is the frontier of medical research, is constantly breaking through and innovating. In particular, (Biomaker), a biomarker for the diagnosis of major diseases, has been rapidly developed. Medical studies have shown that the content of chemical markers in respiratory gases can reflect the metabolic and health status of the human body. When the organs or tissues of the human body are damaged, the changes of their functions will cause the changes of the corresponding metabolites. These metabolites can enter the lungs through the blood barrier and cause changes in the exhalation components, which are characterized by the increase in the concentration of certain gases in the exhaled body, which can be used as biomarkers of some diseases. The traditional analytical method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used for respiratory detection can make the measurement accuracy of respiratory gas markers up to the order of ppb or ppt, but this method has the advantages of long time consuming, large instrument volume and high cost. At present, it is only suitable for laboratory research and can not enter the essential clinical stage. It is difficult to realize the portable instrument and walk into the community and family. As a kind of high precision and hypersensitive spectral absorption measurement method, Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, CRDS) technique has the advantages of not being affected by incident light intensity fluctuation, high effective optical path length, high accuracy and high sensitivity, etc. It is expected to be the preferred technology in the field of respiratory gas analysis in the future. In this paper, acetone, the respiratory marker of diabetes mellitus, is used as the measurement object. According to the specificity of acetone absorption spectrum, the appropriate laser spectral band is selected as the incident light source of the system. The hardware platform of acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology is designed and built. The selection basis of each module is analyzed in detail, the principle is verified, the cavity stability of the system is up to 0.4um, the stability of the system under the condition of human breathing is up to 1.4, and the repeatability is high, under the system, the annulling signal of the laboratory air is measured. The calculated absorptivity in air was 5.95 鹵0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4), which laid a foundation for noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter introduces the medical background of respiratory gas analysis, the significance of the research and the development of domestic and foreign; The second chapter mainly introduces the working principle of CRDS technology and the respiratory acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology. The light source, ring-down cavity, signal detection and data processing of the system are analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, we measure the time signal of decay under the cavity, calculate the reflectivity of the mirror, the stability of the cavity reaches 0.4, the repeatability is high, the preliminary measurement of acetone gas is carried out, and the signal of the degenerate air in the laboratory is measured under the system. The absorptivity of air is 5.95 鹵0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4). The experimental results show that the instrument designed in this paper can be used to measure the respiratory acetone of human body and lay a foundation for the noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. In chapter 4, the system error is analyzed from three angles: optical interference, detection circuit interference and signal noise. The fifth chapter summarizes and discusses the respiratory acetone gas analysis system based on CRDS technology, and plans the next work.
【學位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R318.6
[Abstract]:With the development of modern medical science and technology and the cross-integration of many disciplines, the early diagnosis technology of major diseases, which is the frontier of medical research, is constantly breaking through and innovating. In particular, (Biomaker), a biomarker for the diagnosis of major diseases, has been rapidly developed. Medical studies have shown that the content of chemical markers in respiratory gases can reflect the metabolic and health status of the human body. When the organs or tissues of the human body are damaged, the changes of their functions will cause the changes of the corresponding metabolites. These metabolites can enter the lungs through the blood barrier and cause changes in the exhalation components, which are characterized by the increase in the concentration of certain gases in the exhaled body, which can be used as biomarkers of some diseases. The traditional analytical method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) used for respiratory detection can make the measurement accuracy of respiratory gas markers up to the order of ppb or ppt, but this method has the advantages of long time consuming, large instrument volume and high cost. At present, it is only suitable for laboratory research and can not enter the essential clinical stage. It is difficult to realize the portable instrument and walk into the community and family. As a kind of high precision and hypersensitive spectral absorption measurement method, Cavity Ring-down Spectroscopy, CRDS) technique has the advantages of not being affected by incident light intensity fluctuation, high effective optical path length, high accuracy and high sensitivity, etc. It is expected to be the preferred technology in the field of respiratory gas analysis in the future. In this paper, acetone, the respiratory marker of diabetes mellitus, is used as the measurement object. According to the specificity of acetone absorption spectrum, the appropriate laser spectral band is selected as the incident light source of the system. The hardware platform of acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology is designed and built. The selection basis of each module is analyzed in detail, the principle is verified, the cavity stability of the system is up to 0.4um, the stability of the system under the condition of human breathing is up to 1.4, and the repeatability is high, under the system, the annulling signal of the laboratory air is measured. The calculated absorptivity in air was 5.95 鹵0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4), which laid a foundation for noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter introduces the medical background of respiratory gas analysis, the significance of the research and the development of domestic and foreign; The second chapter mainly introduces the working principle of CRDS technology and the respiratory acetone analysis system based on CRDS technology. The light source, ring-down cavity, signal detection and data processing of the system are analyzed in detail. In the third chapter, we measure the time signal of decay under the cavity, calculate the reflectivity of the mirror, the stability of the cavity reaches 0.4, the repeatability is high, the preliminary measurement of acetone gas is carried out, and the signal of the degenerate air in the laboratory is measured under the system. The absorptivity of air is 5.95 鹵0.25 脳 10 ~ (-4). The experimental results show that the instrument designed in this paper can be used to measure the respiratory acetone of human body and lay a foundation for the noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus. In chapter 4, the system error is analyzed from three angles: optical interference, detection circuit interference and signal noise. The fifth chapter summarizes and discusses the respiratory acetone gas analysis system based on CRDS technology, and plans the next work.
【學位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R318.6
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