【摘要】：血液與人體健康不可分割,通過(guò)研究血液微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)可以得到身體組織病變情況,例如燒傷、眼底疾病等。傳統(tǒng)血液流速的檢測(cè)方法主要是超聲波,但是超聲波橫向分辨率不足,只能夠測(cè)量動(dòng)脈和較粗靜脈血流,無(wú)法檢測(cè)血液微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。而采用激光多普勒測(cè)血流,可以滿足血液微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)橫向分辨率的要求,又具有無(wú)創(chuàng)性、操作簡(jiǎn)單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)上有廣泛的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,所以在國(guó)內(nèi)外醫(yī)療器械方面?zhèn)涫荜P(guān)注。通過(guò)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)研究了多種激光多普勒血液流速系統(tǒng)后,本設(shè)計(jì)摒棄單點(diǎn)和掃描式測(cè)血流的方法,而選擇目前具有代表性的激光寬場(chǎng)多普勒成像測(cè)血流技術(shù)做為主要研究對(duì)象。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.深入學(xué)習(xí)光外差干涉理論和血液灌注成像理論,結(jié)合激光多普勒血液流速系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn),對(duì)光源、圖像傳感器等關(guān)鍵器件進(jìn)行選型。綜合分析現(xiàn)有實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)了一種新式檢測(cè)光路系統(tǒng)。2.完成高幀頻圖像采集系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì),包括:圖像傳感器控制電路、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可編程門(mén)陣列(FPGA)交互電路、同步動(dòng)態(tài)存儲(chǔ)器(SDRAM)控制電路、單片機(jī)STC51接口電路和CY7C68013A外圍電路。在PCB設(shè)計(jì)階段進(jìn)行串?dāng)_仿真和反射仿真,確定器件走線拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、端接方式、板層結(jié)構(gòu)等規(guī)則約束,并繪制PCB板。3.激光寬場(chǎng)多普勒血液流速系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì),包括:FPGA時(shí)鐘管理程序設(shè)計(jì)、圖像傳感器控制程序設(shè)計(jì)、SDRAM讀寫(xiě)程序設(shè)計(jì)、CY7C68013A讀寫(xiě)程序設(shè)計(jì)、CY7C68013A固件程序和USB 2.0上位機(jī)控制程序設(shè)計(jì)等。程序模塊之間采用仿順序操作和并行操作相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行交互,并利用Modelsim-Altera對(duì)每個(gè)邏輯模塊進(jìn)行仿真。最后,利用Labview中的VISA控件完成了上位機(jī)界面制作,并與高幀頻圖像采集系統(tǒng)建立通信。4.利用自主設(shè)計(jì)的高幀頻圖像采集設(shè)備搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),對(duì)活體皮膚組織進(jìn)行成像,系統(tǒng)采樣幀頻為8kfps,得到組織血液微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)灌注成像圖最大分辨率為64x64,并能夠清晰看到血流圖變化。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步白板實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,消除了實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)噪聲對(duì)血流成像產(chǎn)生的影響,并對(duì)血液灌注成像影響因素進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:Blood is inseparable from human health. By studying the blood microcirculation system, we can obtain pathological changes of the body, such as burns, fundus diseases and so on. Ultrasonic is the main method to detect blood velocity, but ultrasonic is not enough to measure arterial and coarse venous blood flow, and can not detect blood microcirculation system. Laser Doppler measurement of blood flow can meet the requirements of blood microcirculation system for lateral resolution, and has the advantages of non-invasive, simple operation, etc., and has wide application value in clinical medicine. So in the domestic and foreign medical devices concerned. After the study of various laser Doppler blood flow velocity systems, the method of single point and scanning blood flow measurement was abandoned in this design. The main research object is laser wide-field Doppler imaging. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The light heterodyne interference theory and blood perfusion imaging theory are studied in depth. Combined with the characteristics of laser Doppler blood velocity system, the light source, image sensor and other key devices are selected. Based on the analysis of the existing experimental system structure, a new detection optical path system. 2. 2 was designed. The hardware circuit design of high frame rate image acquisition system includes: image sensor control circuit, field programmable gate array (FPGA) interactive circuit, synchronous dynamic memory (SDRAM) control circuit, MCU STC51 interface circuit and CY7C68013A peripheral circuit. Crosstalk simulation and reflection simulation are carried out in the design phase of PCB to determine the circuit topology, termination mode and layer structure of the device, and draw the PCB board. 3. The software design of laser wide field Doppler blood flow velocity system includes the design of clock management program on USB, the control program of image sensor and the reading and writing program of SDRAM. The firmware program of CY7C68013A and the control program of USB 2.0 are designed. The program modules interact with each other by the combination of sequence operation and parallel operation, and each logic module is simulated by Modelsim-Altera. Finally, the upper computer interface is made by using the VISA control in Labview, and the communication with the high frame rate image acquisition system is established. 4. An experimental system was set up using the self-designed high frame rate image acquisition equipment to image the skin tissue in vivo. The maximum resolution of perfusion imaging of tissue blood microcirculation system is 64 x 64, and the change of blood flow graph can be clearly seen. The influence of experimental system noise on blood flow imaging is eliminated by further whiteboard experiment and the influencing factors of blood perfusion imaging are analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R318;TP391.41

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