【摘要】：目的：稀釋分配器在精細化工和生物醫(yī)學實驗室中有著廣泛的應用。在藥液配制上，一般采取人工方式，由于個體差異，人工配液存在較大的誤差及不穩(wěn)定性，而藥液配制具有不可恢復性，配制時藥液比例錯誤即會造成藥液廢棄。稀釋分配器通過機械裝置推動注射器，實現(xiàn)高精度、平穩(wěn)無脈動的液體傳輸；具有寬范圍的運行速度，流量精確，控制精度高，有著人工配液無法比擬的優(yōu)勢。實驗室中存在著大量具有毒性或者腐蝕性的藥液，稀釋分配器可以減少此類藥液對操作人員的潛在危害，特別適用于精細化工，醫(yī)療配液以及需要精密配制藥液的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、生物醫(yī)學等應用領域。目前我國生物醫(yī)學實驗室主要采用進口的醫(yī)用稀釋分配器，其自動化程度高、使用方便，但價格昂貴，難以普及，而國內(nèi)稀釋分配器廠家數(shù)量較少，大多僅從國外購進配件，進行簡單二次加工，缺乏自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，其產(chǎn)品精確度與進口產(chǎn)品有較大差距。國內(nèi)對配制藥液的精密儀器需求量較大，因此很有必要開發(fā)一種高精度、高適應性的醫(yī)用稀釋分配器。 方法：通過對國內(nèi)外稀釋分配器的技術(shù)特點分析，結(jié)合國內(nèi)稀釋分配器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，提出一種醫(yī)用稀釋分配器的研制方案：基于嵌入式單片機技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)與自動化智能控制理論的醫(yī)用稀釋分配器的研制。利用3D建模軟件設計稀釋分配器的機械結(jié)構(gòu)，完成各配件及傳動模塊的結(jié)構(gòu)設計與裝配方法設計；利用電路圖設計軟件繪制稀釋分配器的電路，完成稀釋分配器各硬件模塊的電路設計；利用印刷電路板設計軟件繪制稀釋分配器的印刷電路板；利用單片機編程語言設計稀釋分配器的移液、稀釋、配液等自動化過程，開發(fā)智能化軟件系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)各控制模塊功能。通信接口采用RS232串行數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)接口對稀釋分配器發(fā)送初始化、復位及運行指令。微控制單元接收指令后，控制步進電機驅(qū)動芯片，對步進電機進行驅(qū)動，實現(xiàn)初始化、復位及相應操作功能；步進電機轉(zhuǎn)動換向閥、通過絲杠同步結(jié)構(gòu)推拉注射器，實現(xiàn)藥液的高精度定量分配；運用光電傳感器對換向閥閥芯及注射器活塞位置進行監(jiān)控，實現(xiàn)換向閥的初始化、復位及換向操作，實現(xiàn)注射器的抽吸及推注操作。 內(nèi)容：本論文的研究工作主要包括醫(yī)用稀釋分配器的總體設計、機械結(jié)構(gòu)設計、硬件設計、軟件設計以及樣機測試。主要內(nèi)容如下：（1）稀釋分配器的總體設計主要包括樣機工作流程、應使用何種模塊、各模塊應實現(xiàn)何種功能、模塊間關(guān)系與通訊等。（2）稀釋分配器的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設計主要包括樣機外形設計、建模、加工；樣機機械傳動設計、樣機機械結(jié)構(gòu)加工、印制電路板加工，樣機整體安裝。其外形采用CATIA進行3D建模。（3）稀釋分配器的硬件設計主要包括可編程微控制單元模塊、步進電機驅(qū)動模塊、光電傳感器定位模塊、RS232串行數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)模塊、電源模塊以及外圍接口電路。其電路圖使用ORCAD繪制，印制電路板采用PADS繪制。（4）稀釋分配器的軟件設計主要采用嵌入式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)工具IAR編譯器，對微控制單元進行編程，實現(xiàn)稀釋分配器初始化、復位，完成稀釋、移液、分配功能。（5）稀釋分配器樣機測試主要是通過大量實驗測試樣機的性能、穩(wěn)定性、精確度、實用性等性能指標。 結(jié)果：設計并完成稀釋分配器樣機，具有一整套獨立的總體、硬件、軟件、機械結(jié)構(gòu)等關(guān)鍵部件設計。主要內(nèi)容如下：（1）設計并完成了稀釋分配器樣機的整體運行框架，確立了機械結(jié)構(gòu)、硬件及軟件之間統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)的互動與聯(lián)系關(guān)系，繪制并完成了樣機的總體設計框圖。（2）設計并完成了稀釋分配器樣機的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設計，繪制并完成了樣機的3D模型圖。其中使用光電傳感器與定位柵盤相配合，結(jié)合步進電機轉(zhuǎn)軸定制加工，設計并成功實現(xiàn)了換向閥及注射器位置的測定方法；使用絲杠同步結(jié)構(gòu)實現(xiàn)了步進電機的轉(zhuǎn)動與注射器活塞的直線運動間的轉(zhuǎn)換，實現(xiàn)了注射器對藥液的抽注。（3）編寫并調(diào)試了稀釋分配器樣機的軟件系統(tǒng)，其中使用中斷嵌套成功實現(xiàn)了對換向閥與注射器位置的測定，完成了稀釋分配器初始化、復位、稀釋、移液及分配功能。（4）將制作完成的樣機本體、印刷電路板、步進電機、注射器、換向閥及絲杠同步傳動裝置等組裝完成稀釋分配器樣機，進行了機械結(jié)構(gòu)、硬件、軟件調(diào)試，檢測了各模塊性能，修改各模塊設計。（5）結(jié)合實際對稀釋分配器樣機進行了實驗，由實驗結(jié)果可知，樣機具有較好的工作穩(wěn)定性及可靠性，適用于三口換向閥，稀釋分配時間范圍為1min-60min，精確度1%。 結(jié)論：經(jīng)樣機測試，該稀釋分配器能實現(xiàn)藥液精密稀釋分配，具有自動化、高精度和方便快捷的特點，整體設計緊湊，使用方便，性能可靠，為生物實驗和臨床配液提供了一種實用的先進技術(shù)手段。然而，本論文的稀釋分配器僅設計為實驗室使用，在實際使用條件下，考慮到不同工作環(huán)境的影響，所以，為了進一步提高稀釋分配器的適應性和穩(wěn)定性，在本文的研究工作基礎上，可以通過對電路及機械結(jié)構(gòu)設計作進一步優(yōu)化，以滿足在不同條件下的應用。本稀釋分配器采用三口換向閥，因此也可以對軟件算法進行進一步改進，完成對多種換向閥的適應。另外樣機采用計算機通過串口向稀釋分配器發(fā)送指令，增加了稀釋分配器使用的局限性，，后續(xù)研究工作擬加入人界交互界面，使用液晶觸摸屏對稀釋分配器進行操作。這些方面都是本文后續(xù)研究的重點。
[Abstract]:Objective: dilution dispenser is widely used in fine chemical and biomedical laboratories. In the preparation of liquid medicine, artificial methods are generally adopted. Due to individual differences, there is a large error and instability in artificial mixture, and the dispensing of the liquid is unrecoverable. The dispenser pushes the syringe through the mechanical device to achieve high precision, smooth and non pulsating liquid transmission. It has a wide range of running speed, accurate flow rate, high control precision, and has the advantage of incomparable manual dispensing. There are a large number of toxic or corrosive liquids in the laboratory, and the dilution distributor can reduce the operation of this kind of liquid. The potential hazards of personnel are especially suitable for fine chemicals, medical dispensing and the applications of industry, agriculture and biomedicine, which require precise preparation of liquid medicine. At present, our biomedical laboratories mainly use imported medical dilution dispensers, which are highly automated, easy to use, but expensive and difficult to popularize, and domestic dilution points. The number of distributors is relatively small. Most of them only buy parts from abroad, do simple two times processing, lack the independent intellectual property rights. The precision of their products has a big gap with the imported products. The demand for the precision instrument for dispensing medicine is large, so it is necessary to develop a high precision and high adaptability medical dilution dispenser.
Methods: through the analysis of the technical characteristics of the dilution distributor both at home and abroad and the development of the domestic dilution distributor, a development scheme of medical dilution distributor was proposed: the development of medical dilution dispenser based on embedded single-chip technology, sensor technology and automatic intelligent control theory. The 3D modeling software was used to design dilute software. The mechanical structure of the distributor and the design of the structure design and assembly method of the parts and the transmission modules are completed. The circuit of the dilution distributor is drawn by the circuit diagram design software, and the circuit design of the hardware modules of the dilution distributor is completed; the printed circuit board of the dilute distributor is drawn by the printed circuit board design software; The programming language is designed to design the automatic process of the dilution and distribution of the dispenser, and develop the intelligent software system to realize the function of each control module. The communication interface uses the RS232 serial data transceiver interface to initialize, reset and run the dilution distributor. After the micro control unit receives instructions, the stepping motor drive chip is controlled. The stepping motor is driven to realize initialization, reset and corresponding operation function. The step motor rotates the reversing valve, pushes the syringe through the synchronous structure of the screw, realizes the high precision and quantitative distribution of the liquid, monitors the position of the valve core and the syringe piston by the photoelectric sensor, and realizes the initialization, reset and reversing of the reversing valve. Operation to realize the sucking and pushing operation of the syringe.
Content: the research work of this paper mainly includes the overall design of medical dilution dispenser, mechanical structure design, hardware design, software design and prototype testing. The main contents are as follows: (1) the overall design of the dilution distributor mainly includes the working flow of the prototype, what kind of modules should be used, and the functions of each module and the relationship between modules. And communication etc. (2) the mechanical structure design of the dilution distributor mainly includes the prototype design, modeling and processing of the prototype, the mechanical drive design of the prototype, the machine structure machining, the printed circuit board processing, the whole installation of the prototype. The shape of the prototype is 3D modeling with CATIA. (3) the hardware design of the dilution divider mainly includes the programmable micro control unit model. Block, step motor drive module, photoelectric sensor location module, RS232 serial data transceiver module, power module and peripheral interface circuit. Its circuit diagram is drawn using ORCAD and printed circuit board using PADS. (4) the software design of dilution distributor is mainly used in the embedded system development tool IAR compiler to compile the micro control unit. To realize the dilution distributor initialization, reduction, dilution, fluid transfer and distribution function. (5) the test of the dilution distributor prototype is mainly through the performance, stability, accuracy and practicability of the prototype test.
Results: the prototype of dilution distributor is designed and completed. It has a complete set of key components, such as the whole, hardware, software, and mechanical structure. The main contents are as follows: (1) the whole framework of the dilution distributor prototype is designed and completed, and the mechanical structure, the unified and coordinated relationship between the hardware and the software are established, and the drawing is drawn. The overall design block diagram of the prototype is completed. (2) the mechanical structure of the dilution distributor prototype is designed and completed, and the 3D model of the prototype is drawn and completed. The method of measuring the position of the reversing valve and syringe is successfully realized by the use of the photoelectric sensor and the positioning grid plate, combined with the rotating shaft of the stepper motor. With the synchronous structure of the screw, the rotation of the stepping motor and the straight motion of the piston of the syringe are converted, and the injection of the syringe to the liquid is realized. (3) the software system of the dilution distributor prototype is written and debugged, in which the position of the reverser valve and the syringe is successfully realized by using the interruption nesting, and the dilution distributor has been completed. Initialization, reset, dilution, fluid transfer and distribution function. (4) the prototype of the completed prototype, printed circuit board, stepping motor, syringe, reversing valve and screw synchronous transmission device are assembled to complete the prototype of dilution distributor, and the mechanical structure, hardware and software are tested, the performance of each module is detected and the design of each module is modified. (5) combined with actual conditions The experimental results show that the prototype has good working stability and reliability. It is suitable for three reversing valves. The dilution distribution time range is 1min-60min, and the accuracy is 1%..
Conclusion: through the prototype test, the dilution distributor can realize the accurate dilution and distribution of liquid medicine, has the characteristics of automation, high precision and convenience, and the whole design is compact, easy to use and reliable in performance. It provides a practical advanced technical hand for biological experiment and clinical dispensing. However, the dilution distributor in this paper is designed only as experiment. In order to further improve the adaptability and stability of the dilution distributor in order to further improve the adaptability and stability of the dilution distributor under the actual use conditions, in order to further improve the adaptability and stability of the dilution distributor, the design of the circuit and mechanical structure can be further optimized on the basis of this study to fill the application under different conditions. The dilution distributor adopts three. In addition, the software algorithm can be further improved to adapt to a variety of reversing valves. In addition, the prototype uses the computer to send instructions to the dilution distributor through the serial port. The limitation of the dilution distributor is increased. The follow-up research work is to join the interface of the human boundary, and the liquid crystal touch screen is used for the dilution distributor. These aspects are the focus of this study.
【學位授予單位】：中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學科學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.6

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 顏曉河;董玲嬌;蘇紹興;;光電傳感器的發(fā)展及其應用[J];電子工業(yè)專用設備;2006年01期

2 陳章龍;我國單片機15年[J];單片機與嵌入式系統(tǒng)應用;2001年01期

3 劉瑞安,高振華,栗淑花;AVR單片機AT90 S8515控制系統(tǒng)中步進電機的驅(qū)動控制[J];河北師范大學學報;2003年05期

4 幸新鵬;李冬梅;王志華;;CMOS帶隙基準源研究現(xiàn)狀[J];微電子學;2008年01期

5 謝輝;唐勇;;步進電機發(fā)展回顧與前景展望[J];重慶三峽學院學報;2010年03期

6 王宗培;段衛(wèi)國;;運動控制電機之步進電機[J];微電機;2008年09期

7 王曉初,何捷;步進電機自動升降速及其單片機控制[J];微特電機;1998年02期

8 于萬民,王哈力,鄭洪平;PC機與PIC單片機串行通訊的實現(xiàn)[J];現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù);2003年18期

9 楊繼鵬,于良軍;發(fā)展我國醫(yī)療器械的思考與建議[J];醫(yī)療裝備;2005年11期

10 王淑慧;;貝朗注射泵的使用保養(yǎng)和常見故障排除[J];醫(yī)療裝備;2007年01期

本文編號：2162558