光照促滲增強(qiáng)皮膚光透明效果及機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 08:09
【摘要】：皮膚既是光診療的靶器官之一,也是實(shí)施活體光學(xué)成像的第一道屏障,這是因?yàn)槠つw的高散射限制光在組織的穿透深度。皮膚光透明技術(shù)的提出有望克服這一障礙,即向真皮引入一種高折射率、高滲透性的化學(xué)試劑,使得皮膚中有形成分與無(wú)形成分之間的折射率匹配,從而降低組織對(duì)光的散射,使得光在皮膚中的穿透深度增加。但該技術(shù)在活體應(yīng)用中卻面臨著：皮膚角質(zhì)層的天然阻擋作用限制光透明劑向真皮中的滲透。為此,多種物理、化學(xué)或物化方法用于促進(jìn)光透明劑的透皮,但是多具有侵入性。 本文主要工作正是圍繞如何提高光透明劑向皮膚中的滲透以提高皮膚光透明效果、及相關(guān)機(jī)制而展開(kāi)的。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下： 1)光照促滲增強(qiáng)皮膚光透明效果的比較研究：利用不同種類、不同波長(zhǎng)、不同輸出模式、不同照射劑量的光源照射皮膚,再涂抹光透明劑,觀測(cè)皮膚反射譜的變化以評(píng)定皮膚光透明效果。研究表明,合適的光照均能在一定程度增加皮膚光透明效果,其中1064nm-Nd:YAG激光(兩種不同輸出模式：調(diào)Q和長(zhǎng)脈寬模式)照射所致效果最優(yōu),且不會(huì)對(duì)皮膚表面產(chǎn)生肉眼可見(jiàn)的損傷。進(jìn)一步,利用組織光譜測(cè)量方法對(duì)皮膚光透明前后的光學(xué)參數(shù)的變化進(jìn)行測(cè)量,發(fā)現(xiàn)激光促進(jìn)光透明劑滲透能顯著降低皮膚對(duì)光的散射、增加光在皮膚中的穿透深度。 2)1064nm-Nd:YAG激光促滲增強(qiáng)皮膚光透明的機(jī)制研究：利用紅外熱像儀成像、組織切片HE染色以及雙光子成像對(duì)1064nm-Nd:YAG激光照射所致皮膚表面溫度、角質(zhì)層微結(jié)構(gòu)以及成份等展開(kāi)研究。發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)脈寬Nd:YAG激光照射具有明顯的光熱效應(yīng),導(dǎo)致角質(zhì)細(xì)胞溫和剝脫和疏松,角蛋白自發(fā)熒光明顯減弱,干擾角質(zhì)層的正常屏障作用；而調(diào)Q-Nd:YAG激光照射具有典型的光機(jī)械作用,導(dǎo)致皮膚角質(zhì)層形成微孔,完全破壞角質(zhì)層細(xì)胞。皮膚角質(zhì)層微結(jié)構(gòu)的改變?cè)谥辽僖恢軆?nèi)對(duì)皮膚光透明效果有持續(xù)的促進(jìn)作用。 3)皮膚光透明機(jī)制：溫升對(duì)皮膚光透明的影響：前一章研究發(fā)現(xiàn)激光產(chǎn)生的熱效應(yīng)能增強(qiáng)皮膚光透明效果,本章進(jìn)一步研究了溫度變化對(duì)皮膚光透明效果的影響。不同溫度(4,25,32和45℃)的甘油被用于離體和在體研究。結(jié)果表明：相比較而言,以低于皮膚溫度的甘油作用(4和25℃),皮膚光透明效果十分有限；以高于皮膚溫度的甘油作用,能快速、顯著地改善皮膚光透明效果,且甘油溫度越高,皮膚光透明效果越好、速率越快。這說(shuō)明溫升確實(shí)能影響皮膚光透明效果。但在體皮膚光透明應(yīng)用應(yīng)低于皮膚耐受溫度。 4)皮膚光透明技術(shù)提高激光祛除紋身效果的初步研究：建立紋身動(dòng)物模型,在紋身區(qū)域涂抹37℃光透明劑后再利用1064nm-Nd:YAG激光(調(diào)Q)進(jìn)行治療,利用皮膚測(cè)試儀(MPA580, Maxemeter18probe)測(cè)量色素變化。通過(guò)比較聯(lián)合治療區(qū)域與單純激光治療區(qū)域紋身色素的變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)皮膚光透明劑的使用能夠顯著提高1064nm調(diào)Q-Nd:YAG激光清除藍(lán)黑色紋身的效果,色素清除率提高約1.5倍；實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)模擬的理論預(yù)測(cè)一致。因此,皮膚光透明能改善光在組織中傳輸?shù)陌邢蛐?提高到達(dá)深層紋身部位的有效光子數(shù),從而有助于紋身色素的崩解和清除。
[Abstract]:Skin is not only one of the target organs of optical diagnosis and treatment, but also the first barrier to implement the optical imaging of living body. This is because the high scattering of skin restricts the penetrating depth of light in the tissue. The proposed skin transparency technique is expected to overcome this obstacle, that is, introducing a high refractive index, high permeability chemical reagent to the dermis, making the skin formed. The refractive index is matched with the invisible component, which reduces the scattering of light by tissue and increases the penetration depth of light in the skin. But in living applications, the technique faces the natural barrier of the skin cuticles to limit the penetration of transparent agents into the dermis. For this reason, a variety of physical, chemical or physical methods are used to promote light. Transparent agent transdermal, but more intrusive.
The main work of this paper is how to improve the penetration of transparent agents to the skin to improve the transparent effect of skin, and the related mechanisms. The main research contents and results are as follows:
1) a comparative study on the effect of light transparency and enhancement of light transparency: using different kinds, different wavelengths, different output modes, different irradiation doses of light source irradiated skin, and then smearing light transparent agent, observing the changes of skin reflection spectrum to evaluate the transparent effect of skin light. The effect of 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser (two different output modes: Q and long pulse width mode) is the best result, and it can not produce visible damage to the skin surface. Further, the changes of optical parameters before and after light transparency of skin are measured by tissue spectrometric method, and it is found that laser promotes light transparency. Osmotic energy can significantly reduce the light scattering from skin and increase the penetration depth of light in the skin.
2) study on the mechanism of 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser enhancement of skin transparency: infrared thermograph imaging, tissue section HE staining and two-photon imaging of skin surface temperature caused by 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser irradiation, cuticle microstructure and composition, etc., it is found that long pulse width Nd:YAG laser irradiation has obvious photothermal effect. The keratinocytes are mild exfoliation and looseness, and the spontaneous fluorescence of keratin decreases obviously and interferes with the normal barrier of the cuticle, while the Q-Nd:YAG laser irradiation has a typical photo mechanical effect, which causes the cuticle formation to form micropores and completely destroy the cuticle cells. The changes of the skin cuticle microstructures are transparent to the skin in at least a week. The effect has a continuous promotion.
3) skin transparency mechanism: the effect of temperature rise on the light transparency of the skin: the previous chapter found that the thermal effect produced by the laser can enhance the transparency effect of the skin. This chapter further studies the effect of temperature change on the transparent effect of skin. The glycerol at different temperatures (4,25,32 and 45 C) is used in vitro and in vivo. The results show that: In comparison with the glycerol action below the skin temperature (4 and 25 C), the light transparency effect of the skin is very limited; the effect of glycerol, which is higher than the skin temperature, can rapidly and significantly improve the transparency effect of the skin, and the higher the glycerol temperature, the better the transparent effect of the skin, the faster the rate is, but the temperature rise does affect the transparent effect of the skin. The transparent application of skin should be lower than that of skin.
4) a preliminary study of skin light transparent technology to improve the effect of laser removal of tattoos: establishing a tattoo animal model, using a transparent agent of 37 C in the tattoo area and then using 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser (Q) for treatment, and using MPA580 (Maxemeter18probe) to measure the change of pigment. The change of the tattoo pigment in the treatment area shows that the use of light transparent agent in the skin can significantly improve the effect of 1064nm Q-Nd:YAG laser removal of blue black tattoo, and the pigment removal rate increases about 1.5 times; the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction of Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) simulation. Therefore, the transparent skin of the skin can improve the target of light transmission in tissue. Sex, improve the number of effective photons reaching deep tattoos, thus contributing to the disintegration and removal of tattoo pigments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R318.51
本文編號(hào)：2156877
[Abstract]:Skin is not only one of the target organs of optical diagnosis and treatment, but also the first barrier to implement the optical imaging of living body. This is because the high scattering of skin restricts the penetrating depth of light in the tissue. The proposed skin transparency technique is expected to overcome this obstacle, that is, introducing a high refractive index, high permeability chemical reagent to the dermis, making the skin formed. The refractive index is matched with the invisible component, which reduces the scattering of light by tissue and increases the penetration depth of light in the skin. But in living applications, the technique faces the natural barrier of the skin cuticles to limit the penetration of transparent agents into the dermis. For this reason, a variety of physical, chemical or physical methods are used to promote light. Transparent agent transdermal, but more intrusive.
The main work of this paper is how to improve the penetration of transparent agents to the skin to improve the transparent effect of skin, and the related mechanisms. The main research contents and results are as follows:
1) a comparative study on the effect of light transparency and enhancement of light transparency: using different kinds, different wavelengths, different output modes, different irradiation doses of light source irradiated skin, and then smearing light transparent agent, observing the changes of skin reflection spectrum to evaluate the transparent effect of skin light. The effect of 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser (two different output modes: Q and long pulse width mode) is the best result, and it can not produce visible damage to the skin surface. Further, the changes of optical parameters before and after light transparency of skin are measured by tissue spectrometric method, and it is found that laser promotes light transparency. Osmotic energy can significantly reduce the light scattering from skin and increase the penetration depth of light in the skin.
2) study on the mechanism of 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser enhancement of skin transparency: infrared thermograph imaging, tissue section HE staining and two-photon imaging of skin surface temperature caused by 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser irradiation, cuticle microstructure and composition, etc., it is found that long pulse width Nd:YAG laser irradiation has obvious photothermal effect. The keratinocytes are mild exfoliation and looseness, and the spontaneous fluorescence of keratin decreases obviously and interferes with the normal barrier of the cuticle, while the Q-Nd:YAG laser irradiation has a typical photo mechanical effect, which causes the cuticle formation to form micropores and completely destroy the cuticle cells. The changes of the skin cuticle microstructures are transparent to the skin in at least a week. The effect has a continuous promotion.
3) skin transparency mechanism: the effect of temperature rise on the light transparency of the skin: the previous chapter found that the thermal effect produced by the laser can enhance the transparency effect of the skin. This chapter further studies the effect of temperature change on the transparent effect of skin. The glycerol at different temperatures (4,25,32 and 45 C) is used in vitro and in vivo. The results show that: In comparison with the glycerol action below the skin temperature (4 and 25 C), the light transparency effect of the skin is very limited; the effect of glycerol, which is higher than the skin temperature, can rapidly and significantly improve the transparency effect of the skin, and the higher the glycerol temperature, the better the transparent effect of the skin, the faster the rate is, but the temperature rise does affect the transparent effect of the skin. The transparent application of skin should be lower than that of skin.
4) a preliminary study of skin light transparent technology to improve the effect of laser removal of tattoos: establishing a tattoo animal model, using a transparent agent of 37 C in the tattoo area and then using 1064nm-Nd:YAG laser (Q) for treatment, and using MPA580 (Maxemeter18probe) to measure the change of pigment. The change of the tattoo pigment in the treatment area shows that the use of light transparent agent in the skin can significantly improve the effect of 1064nm Q-Nd:YAG laser removal of blue black tattoo, and the pigment removal rate increases about 1.5 times; the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical prediction of Monte Carlo (Monte Carlo) simulation. Therefore, the transparent skin of the skin can improve the target of light transmission in tissue. Sex, improve the number of effective photons reaching deep tattoos, thus contributing to the disintegration and removal of tattoo pigments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R318.51
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 毛宗珍;韓珍珍;朱(艸丹);;噻酮提高在體大鼠皮膚光透明效果的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J];光學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2009年07期
2 秦梅香,朱菁;調(diào)Q激光去除紋身[J];應(yīng)用激光;2001年02期
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