本文選題：人工胸廓模型 + 椎間盤　； 參考：《天津理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：漏斗胸合并脊柱側(cè)彎是一種先天性疾病,其病癥為胸骨體向內(nèi)凹陷且伴有脊柱側(cè)彎癥狀,該疾病會(huì)導(dǎo)致前胸下部成漏斗狀,對(duì)心臟產(chǎn)生壓迫,影響患者的心肺功能,同時(shí)對(duì)患者的心理產(chǎn)生不良的影響。因?yàn)槊つ砍C形可能會(huì)加重脊柱側(cè)彎,臨床上醫(yī)生只能被迫放棄手術(shù)。目前漏斗胸合并脊柱側(cè)彎矯形過程的研究多數(shù)依靠數(shù)值模擬,數(shù)值模擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是進(jìn)行參數(shù)研究方便,但也有一定的局限性,數(shù)值模擬的準(zhǔn)確性需要通過實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。受倫理限制,目前無(wú)法通過在體的電測(cè)試驗(yàn)獲得矯形過程中胸廓骨骼的應(yīng)變分布規(guī)律,同時(shí)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法獲得漏斗胸合并脊柱側(cè)彎的尸體標(biāo)本也無(wú)法進(jìn)行尸體的電測(cè)試驗(yàn)。數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果可以通過動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)和人工胸廓模型試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,考慮到動(dòng)物胸廓模型的的長(zhǎng)軸位于矢狀面與人體胸廓模型長(zhǎng)軸位于冠狀面不同,本文采用人工胸廓模型進(jìn)行電測(cè)試驗(yàn)。胸廓模型的制作實(shí)踐顯示,制作漏斗胸合并脊柱側(cè)彎的胸廓模型十分復(fù)雜,不僅進(jìn)行3D打印的價(jià)格昂貴,而且3D打印的材料與骨骼材料的材料參數(shù)差別較大。作者采用高分子材料制作一個(gè)正常的人工胸廓模型,對(duì)人工胸廓模型進(jìn)行生理載荷作用下的電測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn),并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,比較了與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的誤差。人工胸廓模型包括2塊胸骨、12塊胸椎及12對(duì)肋骨,通過連接件連接了胸骨,肋骨和胸椎。實(shí)驗(yàn)中運(yùn)用電子萬(wàn)能試驗(yàn)機(jī)對(duì)人工胸廓模型施加生理載荷,并運(yùn)用靜態(tài)應(yīng)變測(cè)量系統(tǒng)測(cè)出人工胸廓模型在生理載荷作用下各部位的應(yīng)變,主要測(cè)量胸骨、肋軟骨、肋骨近端和肋骨遠(yuǎn)端部位的應(yīng)變。其中實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的設(shè)計(jì)和測(cè)點(diǎn)布置參考了數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果。為了與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,實(shí)驗(yàn)前對(duì)人工胸廓模型進(jìn)行CT掃描,然后運(yùn)用Mimics和Geomagic studio軟件重建了人工胸廓的三維模型,導(dǎo)入有限元分析軟件ABAQUS6.11中進(jìn)行人工胸廓模型在生理載荷作用下的數(shù)值模擬仿真分析,主要分析人工胸廓模型在生理載荷作用下的位移場(chǎng)、應(yīng)力應(yīng)變場(chǎng)。參數(shù)研究主要考慮了兩種因素,一是研究了肋軟骨對(duì)人工胸廓模型在生理載荷作用下的位移場(chǎng)和應(yīng)力應(yīng)變場(chǎng)的影響,二是在胸椎之間創(chuàng)建了椎間盤,研究了椎間盤對(duì)人工胸廓模型在生理載荷作用下的位移場(chǎng)和應(yīng)力應(yīng)變場(chǎng)的影響。最后對(duì)人工胸廓模型在生理載荷作用下的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,分析了影響誤差的因素。文中結(jié)果對(duì)于指導(dǎo)漏斗胸合并脊柱側(cè)彎矯形過程的數(shù)值模擬和進(jìn)行胸廓模型的電測(cè)試驗(yàn)研究有參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Funnelal chest combined with scoliosis is a congenital disease characterized by an inward depression of the sternum and symptoms of scoliosis, which can lead to a funnel-shaped lower anterior chest, oppress the heart, affect the heart and lung function of the patient, and have a bad effect on the patient's psychology, because blind orthopedics may aggravate the scoliosis. Clinical doctors can only be forced to give up surgery. Currently, most studies on the funnel chest and scoliosis orthopedic process rely on numerical simulation. The advantage of the numerical simulation is that it is convenient to study the parameters, but also has some limitations. The accuracy of the numerical simulation needs to be verified through experiments. The test obtained the strain distribution of the thoracic skeleton in the orthopedic process, and the body test could not be carried out because the corpse of the funnel chest and the scoliosis was not available. The numerical results can be verified by animal test and artificial chest model test, considering the long axis of the animal's chest model is located in the vector. In this paper, an artificial thoracic model is used for electrical test. The production practice of the thoracic model shows that the thoracic model of the funnel chest combined with scoliosis is very complex, not only is the price of 3D printing is expensive, but the material parameters of the material of 3D and the material of the bone are more different than that of the bone material. The author made a normal artificial thoracic model with polymer material, and carried out the electrical test under physiological load on the artificial thoracic model. The experimental results were simulated and the error was compared with the experimental results. The artificial thoracic model consisted of 2 sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs, and the chest was connected to the chest by connecting parts. Bone, rib and thoracic vertebrae. In the experiment, physiological load was applied to artificial thoracic model by electronic universal testing machine, and the strain of artificial thoracic model under physiological load was measured by static strain measurement system. The strain of sternum, costal cartilage, proximal rib and distal rib of rib bone were measured. The design of experimental scheme and the design of the experimental scheme In order to compare the numerical results with the experimental results, in order to compare the experimental results with the experimental results, the artificial chest model is scanned by CT before the experiment. Then the 3D model of the artificial chest profile is reconstructed by Mimics and Geomagic Studio software, and the numerical model of the human chest profile model under the physiological load is carried out in the finite element analysis software ABAQUS6. 11. Simulation analysis, mainly analyze the displacement field of artificial thoracic model under physiological load, stress and strain field. Two factors are considered in the study of parameters. One is the study of the effect of rib cartilage on the displacement field and stress and strain field of artificial thoracic model under physiological load, and the two is to create the intervertebral disc between the thoracic vertebrae. The effect of the intervertebral disc on the displacement field and the stress and strain field of the artificial thoracic model under the physiological load. Finally, the experimental results of the artificial thoracic model under the physiological load are compared with the numerical simulation results, and the factors affecting the error are analyzed. The results are used to guide the number of the funnel chest combined with the spinal scoliosis. It has reference value for simulating and conducting the electrical test of the chest model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R318.1

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