本文選題：樞椎 + 有限元�。� 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景在科學(xué)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi),對(duì)于許多力學(xué)問(wèn)題,由于方程某些特征的非線性性質(zhì),或由于求解區(qū)域的集合形狀比較復(fù)雜,不能得到解析的答案。對(duì)于這類問(wèn)題人們通常采用數(shù)值解的方法,但是,隨著計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用,數(shù)值分析方法已成成為求解科學(xué)技術(shù)問(wèn)題的主要工具。 在已有的數(shù)值分析方法中,有限單元法是一種十分有力的求解工具。它對(duì)于其他數(shù)值分析發(fā)放來(lái)說(shuō),可以對(duì)幾何形狀十分復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行求解。它的出現(xiàn)是數(shù)值分析方法研究領(lǐng)域內(nèi)重大的突破性進(jìn)展。 有限單元法是隨著電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展而迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)放。它是20世紀(jì)50年代首先在連續(xù)體力學(xué)領(lǐng)域—飛機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)靜、動(dòng)態(tài)特性分析中應(yīng)用的一種有效的數(shù)值分析方法,隨后很快被廣泛地應(yīng)用于求解熱傳導(dǎo)、電磁場(chǎng)、流體力學(xué)等連續(xù)性問(wèn)題。 有限元法的基本思想是連續(xù)的求解區(qū)域離散為一組有限個(gè)、按一定方式相互連接在一起的單元的組合體。由于單元能按不同的連結(jié)方式進(jìn)行組合,且單元本身又可以有不同的形狀,因此可以模型化幾何形狀復(fù)雜的求解域；有限元的另外一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是利用在每個(gè)單元內(nèi)假設(shè)的近似函數(shù)來(lái)分片地表示全求解域上待求的未知場(chǎng)函數(shù),從而得到整個(gè)求解域上的近似解。本研究就是采用有限元方法建立和分析人類樞椎的生物力學(xué)行為。 目的采取有限元的方法,建立第二頸椎(樞椎)的三維有限元模型,模擬該樞椎模型在外力作用下的生物力學(xué)行為,分析樞椎骨折的生物力學(xué)條件。 方法利用螺旋C T掃描獲得1例健康成年男性上頸椎原始DICOM數(shù)據(jù)圖像,采用Mimics軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理并導(dǎo)入ANSYS軟件,得到樞椎骨性結(jié)構(gòu)的三維實(shí)體模型。并且此模型上模擬頭顱位于中立位、屈曲位及后伸位等條件下,樞椎承受的應(yīng)力分布狀況,分析樞椎可能出現(xiàn)的骨折類型。 結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)所構(gòu)建樞椎骨性的有限元模型外形逼真,三維網(wǎng)格化后樞椎模型共包含1717個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),5772個(gè)單元。模擬結(jié)果：頭顱在中立、前屈、后伸位時(shí)樞椎最大應(yīng)力集中于齒突基底部,次級(jí)應(yīng)力集中區(qū)域?yàn)闃凶底倒瓖{部；直接于齒突加載力模擬頭部過(guò)度屈曲時(shí),最大應(yīng)力集中于齒突基底部。 結(jié)論頭顱為于中立位,屈曲位或者后伸位,樞椎齒突基底部及樞椎椎弓峽部是應(yīng)力最集中的部位。頭部過(guò)度屈曲時(shí),齒突基底部是應(yīng)力最集中的部位。
[Abstract]:Background in the field of science and technology, for many mechanical problems, because of the nonlinear properties of some characteristics of the equation, or because of the complexity of the shape of the set of solving regions, we can not get an analytical answer. Numerical methods are usually used to solve this kind of problems. However, with the application of computer, numerical analysis has become the main tool for solving scientific and technological problems. Finite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool for numerical analysis. For other numerical analysis, it can solve the problem with very complicated geometry. Its emergence is an important breakthrough in the field of numerical analysis. Finite element method (FEM) is a kind of modern computer distribution developed rapidly with the development of computer. It is an effective numerical analysis method which was first applied in the field of continuous mechanics in 1950s, which is the static and dynamic characteristics analysis of aircraft mechanism, and then it is widely used to solve heat conduction and electromagnetic field. Continuity problems such as hydrodynamics. The basic idea of finite element method (FEM) is to discretize the solution region into a finite group of units connected with each other in a certain way. Because the element can be combined according to different connecting modes and the element itself can have different shapes, the complex solution domain of geometric shape can be modeled. Another important feature of the finite element is that the approximate function assumed in each element is used to represent the unknown field function in the whole solution domain in a piecewise manner, and the approximate solution on the whole solution domain is obtained. The purpose of this study is to establish and analyze the biomechanical behavior of human axis by finite element method. Objective to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the second cervical vertebra (axis) by finite element method, simulate the biomechanical behavior of the axial model under external force, and analyze the biomechanical conditions of the axial fracture. Methods the original DICOM images of a healthy adult male upper cervical vertebra were obtained by spiral CT scanning. The data were processed by Mimics software and imported into ANSYS software. The three-dimensional solid model of the axial bone structure was obtained. In this model, the stress distribution of the axis is simulated under the condition of neutral position, flexion position and extension position, and the possible fracture types of the axis are analyzed. Results the finite element model of axial bone was constructed in our laboratory. The 3D mesh model consisted of 1717 nodes and 5772 elements. The results showed that the axial maximum stress was concentrated at the base of odontoid base in neutral, anterior flexion and extension position, and the secondary stress concentration was in the isthmus of axial arch, and when the dentoid loading force was used to simulate the overflexion of the head, the maximum stress was concentrated in the base of odontoid process. The maximum stress is concentrated at the base of the dentate process. Conclusion the skull is in neutral position, flexion position or extension position, the base of odontoid process of axis and the isthmus of pedicle of axis are the most concentrated part of stress. When the head is overflexion, the base of odontoid is the most concentrated part.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R687.3;R318.0

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本文編號(hào)：1888182