本文選題：皮膚 + 壓縮松弛��； 參考：《寧波大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：交通事故中的汽車碰撞、體育運動中的相互踩踏以及軍事行動中的爆炸沖擊等都給人體帶來了極大的傷害,更有可能導致生命危險。皮膚組織作為人體主要的組織器官,覆蓋在人體表面,當人體受到外力傷害時,最先受到傷害的就是皮膚組織。對皮膚組織的系統研究,尤其是高速沖擊下的動態(tài)力學研究,可為各類事故中對人體傷害的評估以及防護裝置的設計提供一定的參考數據,也可為人體皮膚替代品的研發(fā)提供重要的理論依據。皮膚生物材料與傳統的金屬類工程材料相比,由于其具有一定的生命意義和較軟的物理特性,使得皮膚組織力學性能的測試難度變得很大。本文以實驗研究為主,針對以上的情況,制定了一套有效可行的試樣制取方法及保存方法,保證試樣為規(guī)則的圓柱狀試樣,盡可能的保持豬皮試樣的活性。試樣的制取方法和保存方法確定后,進行皮膚組織低應變率狀態(tài)下的實驗研究。低應變率狀態(tài)下的實驗研究有兩部分,首先是皮膚組織的低應變率壓縮實驗,固定壓縮應變值,分別得到不同加載速率下的應力-應變關系,對不同加載速率下的實驗結果對比分析;然后是壓縮松弛實驗,研究了不同應變以及不同加載速率下的松弛情況。將低應變率壓縮實驗與壓縮松弛實驗的結果聯系對比,分析探究它們之間存在的內在關系,對其存在的現象進行了初步解釋。在已有的霍普金森壓桿(SHPB)實驗技術的基礎上,探索研究了皮膚軟組織在高應變率狀態(tài)下的動態(tài)力學性能,得到不同應變率下的動態(tài)壓縮實驗數據,并與低應變率壓縮實驗數據進行對比,發(fā)現皮膚材料在很寬的應變率范圍內具有極其明顯的應變率效應。且對皮膚的應變率效應以及SHPB試驗應力應變曲線上面的凸起現象做出可能的解釋。在前人研究的基礎之上,對皮膚軟組織的本構模型稍做改進。已有大量文獻中描述皮膚軟組織的本構模型都采用描述橡膠材料的超彈性模型,或者是用來描述黏彈性材料的粘彈性模型。本文將超彈性模型與黏彈性模型結合起來,建立一個黏-超彈性模型,對實驗數據進行擬合分析,最終得到皮膚材料的生物力學模型參數。在選擇超彈性模型的時候,用各種超彈性模型對實驗數據進行擬合,選擇了擬合度較高的由Mooney模型改進而來的超彈性模型,確定了由改進的Mooney模型與Maxwell模型并聯的方法,構建出皮膚生物材料的本構模型。
[Abstract]:The automobile collision in the traffic accident, the mutual stampede in the sports and the explosion shock in the military action have brought great harm to the human body, and may lead to the danger of life. Skin tissue, as the main organ of human body, covers the surface of human body. When the human body is injured by external force, the first injury is skin tissue. The systematic study of skin tissue, especially the dynamic mechanical research under high speed impact, can provide some reference data for the assessment of human body injury and the design of protective device in various accidents. It can also provide important theoretical basis for the research and development of human skin substitute. Compared with traditional metal engineering materials, skin biomaterials are more difficult to measure the mechanical properties of skin tissue because of their life significance and soft physical properties. According to the above situation, a set of effective and feasible methods for the preparation and preservation of the samples have been developed in this paper to ensure that the samples are regular cylindrical samples and keep the activity of the pig skin samples as much as possible. After the preparation and preservation of the sample were determined, the skin tissue was studied at low strain rate. There are two parts in the experimental study at low strain rate. Firstly, the compression experiment of skin tissue at low strain rate is carried out. The stress-strain relationship at different loading rates is obtained by fixing the compression strain value. The experimental results at different loading rates were compared and analyzed, and then the compression relaxation experiments were conducted to study the relaxation under different strain and loading rates. By comparing the results of low strain rate compression test and compression relaxation experiment, the inherent relationship between them is analyzed and the phenomenon of their existence is explained. The dynamic mechanical properties of skin and soft tissue under high strain rate were studied on the basis of the experimental technique of Hopkinson compression bar SHPB.The dynamic compression test data of skin and soft tissue at different strain rates were obtained. Compared with the experimental data of low strain rate compression, it is found that the skin material has an extremely obvious strain rate effect in a wide range of strain rates. A possible explanation is given for the strain rate effect of skin and the protruding phenomenon above the stress-strain curve of SHPB test. On the basis of previous studies, the constitutive model of skin and soft tissue is improved slightly. In many literatures, the constitutive models of skin and soft tissue have been used to describe rubber materials, or viscoelastic models to describe viscoelastic materials. In this paper, the hyperelastic model and the viscoelastic model are combined to establish a visco-hyperelastic model. The experimental data are fitted and analyzed, and the biomechanical model parameters of skin materials are obtained. When selecting the hyperelastic model, the experimental data are fitted with various hyperelastic models. The hyperelastic model, which is improved from the Mooney model, is selected, and the method of parallel connection between the improved Mooney model and the Maxwell model is determined. The constitutive model of skin biomaterials was constructed.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R318.08

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本文編號：1777213