發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-03 06:28

  本文選題：偏癱　切入點(diǎn)：步態(tài)分析　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：人類肢體受到損傷后，仍然具有行走功能，這種異常步態(tài)是由于多因素耦合總用而形成的，研究由于多因素耦合作用而形成的異常步態(tài)代償行走功能的生物耦合機(jī)制，進(jìn)而對生物耦合模型進(jìn)行有效的預(yù)測，無論是在人機(jī)工程，還是在康復(fù)工程上都具有重要的意義。 本文根據(jù)人體解剖學(xué)原理將人體下肢簡化為七剛體鉸接模型，采用VICON三維運(yùn)動捕捉系統(tǒng)和KISTLER測力臺搭建了步態(tài)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，對偏癱患者及正常人行走時(shí)的運(yùn)動學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和動力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了采集，通過對偏癱患者健、患兩側(cè)以及正常人之間的運(yùn)動學(xué)及動力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)與正常人相比偏癱患者健患兩側(cè)的運(yùn)動學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和動力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)均出現(xiàn)明顯變化。通過運(yùn)動學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)可知偏癱患者健側(cè)在一個完整的支撐相內(nèi)所占的時(shí)間延長，而患者患側(cè)的相應(yīng)的支撐相時(shí)間則變短，這是由于為了使肢體前行，患者健側(cè)肢體的代償機(jī)制平衡了患者的不對稱能力，從而健側(cè)肢體支撐相所占比重增加；通過動力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)可知，為了保持一個相對較好的步行能力，患者健側(cè)出現(xiàn)膝、髖關(guān)節(jié)的屈伸力矩增大、踝關(guān)節(jié)的跖曲和背屈力矩減小等代償性現(xiàn)象的變化。通過對髖-膝關(guān)節(jié)的屈伸運(yùn)動耦合機(jī)制的分析可知，在一個完整的步態(tài)周期內(nèi)，髖關(guān)節(jié)對人體前行起到了主要作用，，而膝關(guān)節(jié)主要是起到控制身體重心前移，減小地面對身體的沖擊力的作用。正常人以及患者健、患兩側(cè)的髖-膝關(guān)節(jié)的屈伸運(yùn)動均呈現(xiàn)近似的線性耦合特性；通過對髖-踝關(guān)節(jié)的屈伸運(yùn)動耦合機(jī)制的分析可知，在一個完整的步態(tài)周期內(nèi)，髖關(guān)節(jié)對人體前行起到了主要作用，而踝關(guān)節(jié)主要是起到推動肢體離開地面繼續(xù)前移，以及在足跟著地時(shí)減小地面對身體的沖擊力的作用。 通過獲得的人體股骨醫(yī)學(xué)圖像，并通過逆向工程軟件建立其三維模型，采用有限元分析方法對在步態(tài)變化下的股骨應(yīng)力變化情況及變形情況進(jìn)行了分析，研究結(jié)果顯示在偏癱患者的健患兩側(cè)的應(yīng)力和變形皆容易造成患者骨折以及患關(guān)節(jié)炎的幾率增大。
[Abstract]:Human limbs still have walking function after being injured. This abnormal gait is formed by multifactor coupling. The biological coupling mechanism of abnormal gait compensatory walking function caused by multifactor coupling is studied.Furthermore, it is of great significance to predict the biological coupling model effectively, both in ergonomics and rehabilitation engineering.In this paper, according to the principle of human anatomy, the human lower limb is simplified into a seven-rigid-body hinge model, and a gait analysis experiment system is built by using VICON three-dimensional motion capture system and KISTLER force-measuring platform.The kinematics and dynamics data of hemiplegic patients and normal people walking were collected, and the kinematics and dynamics data of hemiplegic patients, both sides of hemiplegia and normal people were analyzed.It was found that the kinematic and dynamic data of hemiplegic patients were significantly different from those of normal subjects.Kinematics data show that the duration of the healthy side in a complete support phase is prolonged, while the corresponding support phase time of the affected side is shortened, because it is to enable the limb to move forward.The compensatory mechanism of the healthy limb balances the asymmetric ability of the patient, thus the proportion of the support phase of the healthy limb increases. According to the kinetic data, in order to maintain a relatively good walking ability, the healthy side of the patient appears knee.The flexion and extension torque of hip joint increases, and the metatarsal and dorsal flexion moment of ankle joint decrease the change of compensatory phenomenon.Through the analysis of the motion and flexion coupling mechanism of the hip and knee joint, it can be seen that in a complete gait cycle, the hip joint plays a major role in the movement of the human body, while the knee joint plays a major role in controlling the forward movement of the body's center of gravity.The role of reducing the impact of the face of the body.The flexion and extension motion of both sides of hip and knee joint in normal people and patients showed similar linear coupling characteristics, and by analyzing the mechanism of flexion and extension of hip and ankle joint, we can see that in a complete gait period,The hip joint plays a major role in moving the human body forward, while the ankle joint mainly plays the role of pushing the limb away from the ground and continuing to move forward, as well as reducing the impact force of the body when the foot follows the ground.Based on the medical images of human femur, the 3D model was established by reverse engineering software, and the stress and deformation of femur under gait change were analyzed by finite element method.The results showed that stress and deformation on both sides of hemiplegia patients were more likely to lead to fracture and arthritis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R318.01

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本文編號：1704005