發(fā)布時間：2018-03-27 23:39

  本文選題：膝關(guān)節(jié)　切入點(diǎn)：三維模型　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物力學(xué)是力學(xué)與生物學(xué)、生理學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)等多種學(xué)科相互結(jié)合、相互滲透而形成的一門邊緣交叉學(xué)科。它是解釋生命及其他活動的力學(xué),它從生物個體、組織、器官到細(xì)胞和分子不同層次研究應(yīng)力與運(yùn)動、變形、流動及生長的關(guān)系。 關(guān)節(jié)炎是一種很常見的骨科疾病,其中膝關(guān)節(jié)炎患者占大多數(shù)。目前治療關(guān)節(jié)炎最有效的手段就是進(jìn)行人工關(guān)節(jié)置換,然而由于對膝關(guān)節(jié)的力學(xué)性態(tài)認(rèn)識上的不足,醫(yī)學(xué)界在膝關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)上存在很多的分歧,如韌帶損傷的治療方案,假體的選擇及擺放角度、手術(shù)中髕骨的處理等。人工膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)20年的翻修率高達(dá)15～20%左右,因此降低假體翻修率、優(yōu)化假體設(shè)計(jì)等問題已經(jīng)變得十分重要和突出。 由于膝關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)的包裹性,使得在體測量膝關(guān)節(jié)及其韌帶的受力情況變得非常困難,因此人們發(fā)展了許多數(shù)學(xué)模型。然而由于這些模型比較簡單,大都沒有考慮韌帶,肌肉與骨骼的相互作用,且大多是二維模型,有些三維模型并非基于真實(shí)的關(guān)節(jié)形狀,并且計(jì)算結(jié)果相差很大。對于平地行走,彎曲,爬樓梯等典型的日常活動的動力分析尚沒有統(tǒng)一的結(jié)論。 本文的主要研究目的就是對膝關(guān)節(jié)的動力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,包括平地行走,彎曲等典型的日�；顒舆^程。并且分析了在不同的運(yùn)動中韌帶缺損對膝關(guān)節(jié)力學(xué)性態(tài)的影響。本文的研究可以加深對膝關(guān)節(jié)力學(xué)性態(tài)的認(rèn)識,為膝關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)中韌帶的處理提供理論指導(dǎo)。在本文的研究中,通過應(yīng)用美國BRG公司的生物力學(xué)建模與動力學(xué)仿真分析軟件LifeMod,建立了人體下肢的動力學(xué)模型。并用該模型分析了人體在平地行走、下肢彎曲等運(yùn)動過程中膝關(guān)節(jié)的動力學(xué)特性,并對這些運(yùn)動過程中膝關(guān)節(jié)部分韌帶缺損造成的影響進(jìn)行了動力學(xué)分析。建立的膝關(guān)節(jié)模型包括股骨、脛骨、髕骨,四條主要韌帶(ACL,PCL,MCL和LCL)及下肢主要肌肉。 通過動力學(xué)分析表明,在下肢彎曲時,膝關(guān)節(jié)的最大接觸力大小為2747N,最大韌帶張力大小為492N,發(fā)生在LCL上;在平地行走時,膝關(guān)節(jié)的最大接觸力大小為2644N,約為人體重的2.99倍(BW),最大韌帶張力大小為595N,發(fā)生在MCL上。通過與參考文獻(xiàn)比較,我們的計(jì)算結(jié)果與之基本相符,證明了我們的模型和方法的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Biomechanics is a marginal interdiscipline formed by the combination of mechanics and biology, physiology, medicine, etc. It is the mechanics that explains life and other activities. The relationship between stress and motion, deformation, flow and growth is studied at different levels from organ to cell and molecule. Arthritis is a very common orthopedic disease, in which knee arthritis patients account for the majority. At present, the most effective treatment for arthritis is artificial joint replacement. However, due to the lack of understanding of the mechanical state of the knee joint, There are many differences in knee surgery, such as the treatment of ligament injury, the selection and placement of prosthesis, the treatment of patella during the operation, and so on. The revision rate of knee arthroplasty in 20 years is as high as 1520%. Therefore, it has become very important and prominent to reduce the rate of prosthesis renovation and optimize the design of prosthesis. Because of the encapsulation of the structure of the knee joint, it is very difficult to measure the stress of the knee joint and its ligaments in vivo, so many mathematical models have been developed. However, because of the simplicity of these models, most of them do not consider the ligaments. Musculoskeletal interactions, mostly two-dimensional models, some of which are not based on real joint shapes, and the results vary considerably. There is no uniform conclusion on the dynamic analysis of typical daily activities such as climbing stairs. The main purpose of this paper is to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the knee joint, including walking on the ground. The effects of ligament defect on the mechanical behavior of knee joint in different sports are analyzed. The research in this paper can deepen the understanding of mechanical behavior of knee joint. To provide theoretical guidance for the management of ligaments in knee joint surgery. By using the biomechanical modeling and dynamics simulation software of BRG Company, the dynamic model of human lower extremity is established, and the dynamic characteristics of knee joint in the course of walking on flat ground and bending of lower extremity are analyzed. The effects of partial ligament defects in the knee joint during the exercise were analyzed. The models of knee joint included femur, tibia, patella, four major ligaments (ACL-PCL, MCL and LCLL) and the main muscles of lower extremity. The kinetic analysis shows that the maximum contact force and ligament tension of knee joint are 2747Nand 492Nrespectively, which occur on LCL, and when walking on flat ground, the maximum contact force of knee joint is 2747N and the maximum ligament tension is 492Nwhen the lower limb is bent. The maximum contact force of the knee joint is 2644N, about 2.99 times of the human body weight, and the maximum ligament tension is 595N. it occurs on MCL. The reliability of our model and method is proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R318.01

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 馬妮;肖麗英;;基于LifeMOD的個性化人工膝關(guān)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)中的生物力學(xué)分析[J];中國康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志;2011年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 馬妮;個性化人工膝關(guān)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)及其生物力學(xué)特性研究[D];清華大學(xué);2010年

2 劉鵬;人體膝關(guān)節(jié)動態(tài)仿真及受力分析研究[D];蘇州大學(xué);2011年

3 張文;基于ANSYS研究人體膝關(guān)節(jié)生物力學(xué)模型[D];蘇州大學(xué);2010年

4 田喜燕;基于RE/RP的個性化人工膝關(guān)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)[D];天津理工大學(xué);2012年

5 陶琳;針刀松解法對膝骨關(guān)節(jié)炎兔內(nèi)側(cè)副韌帶生物力學(xué)特性及軟骨整合素β1基因表達(dá)的影響[D];北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);2013年

6 翟長彬;雙源CT在膝關(guān)節(jié)交叉韌帶損傷成像中的應(yīng)用評價[D];青海大學(xué);2013年

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本文編號：1673805