本文選題：數(shù)字全息　切入點(diǎn)：生物醫(yī)學(xué)成像　出處：《暨南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在人類疾病診斷和生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究方面，生物醫(yī)學(xué)成像已經(jīng)成為一種廣泛使用的方法之一。傳統(tǒng)的成像儀器是光學(xué)顯微鏡，可以將肉眼無(wú)法直接看清楚的微小物體進(jìn)行光學(xué)放大成像。但傳統(tǒng)的光學(xué)顯微鏡只能探測(cè)光波的強(qiáng)度，獲得物光波強(qiáng)度二維分布圖像，難于給出被成像物體的空間三維信息，應(yīng)用在日益發(fā)展的生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中存在一定的局限性。發(fā)展新的成像分析技術(shù)，對(duì)生物活體、細(xì)胞、亞細(xì)胞等樣品實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)擾、動(dòng)態(tài)、定量分析是目前生命科學(xué)研究的迫切需求。本文針對(duì)數(shù)字全息成像技術(shù)開(kāi)展在生物醫(yī)學(xué)中的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究。 數(shù)字全息是基于傳統(tǒng)的全息原理，不同的是利用電子成像器件（如CCD、CMOS相機(jī)等）記錄全息圖，記錄的全息圖由數(shù)據(jù)采集卡采集并進(jìn)行模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換和量化，以數(shù)字矩陣的形式存入計(jì)算機(jī)，即數(shù)字全息圖；再由計(jì)算機(jī)模擬光學(xué)全息的再現(xiàn)過(guò)程，通過(guò)數(shù)值計(jì)算，可以同時(shí)獲得量化表示的物光波的強(qiáng)度圖像和位相圖像。與傳統(tǒng)全息成像方法相比，數(shù)字全息技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：可連續(xù)記錄運(yùn)動(dòng)物體的各個(gè)瞬間過(guò)程，實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)實(shí)時(shí)在線記錄；通過(guò)數(shù)字再現(xiàn)，可以定量分析其幅度和位相信息；可以方便地對(duì)所記錄的數(shù)字全息圖進(jìn)行圖像處理，減少或消除在全息圖記錄過(guò)程中的噪聲、像差等因素的影響�；谶@些獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)，數(shù)字全息術(shù)被認(rèn)為是定量分析、研究生物活體等位相型物體的一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力工具，近幾年來(lái)已成為國(guó)際研究的熱點(diǎn)。 本論文首先從光學(xué)全息原理出發(fā)，介紹了數(shù)字全息技術(shù)的記錄和再現(xiàn)過(guò)程。然后搭建透射型數(shù)字全息成像裝置，對(duì)數(shù)字全息技術(shù)在生物活體動(dòng)態(tài)成像中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了大量的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括以下幾個(gè)方面：（一）針對(duì)目前混濁介質(zhì)成像困難、散射光對(duì)成像對(duì)象干擾大，尤其無(wú)法獲得動(dòng)態(tài)成像等問(wèn)題，本文開(kāi)展了數(shù)字全息技術(shù)對(duì)混濁介質(zhì)中的動(dòng)態(tài)生物活體進(jìn)行成像的研究。文中首先介紹了光在混濁介質(zhì)中的傳播方式；針對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)物體引起物光的光場(chǎng)連續(xù)變化的特點(diǎn)，采用相干長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)的連續(xù)激光器作為全息記錄的記錄光源；利用數(shù)字濾波技術(shù)提取數(shù)字全息圖的一級(jí)傅立葉變換譜，既可對(duì)全息圖進(jìn)行數(shù)字再現(xiàn)，又可消去孿生像和直流背景影響，還可減弱散射光引起的噪聲；利用數(shù)字對(duì)焦技術(shù)，可解決對(duì)混濁介質(zhì)中生物活體無(wú)法直接對(duì)焦的問(wèn)題；結(jié)合空間濾波技術(shù)可進(jìn)一步消去散射噪聲的影響；實(shí)驗(yàn)成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于數(shù)字全息的動(dòng)態(tài)活體在混濁介質(zhì)中的動(dòng)態(tài)成像。該成像方法，有望在混濁生物體內(nèi)的生物活體動(dòng)態(tài)成像方面獲得應(yīng)用。（二）針對(duì)利用表面等離子體共振成像進(jìn)行生物芯片高通量分析問(wèn)題，開(kāi)展了基于數(shù)字全息技術(shù)的表面等離子體共振成像生物芯片高通量分析研究。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)高通量分析，必須解決目前表面等離子體共振成像生化分析技術(shù)的探測(cè)范圍窄等問(wèn)題，本文提出一種基于數(shù)字全息術(shù)的同時(shí)獲取強(qiáng)度圖像和位相圖像的表面等離子體共振成像（SPRI）技術(shù)，同時(shí)利用強(qiáng)度和位相信息，可以拓寬高靈敏度下的探測(cè)范圍，從而提高分析的通量數(shù)。本文建立了一套同時(shí)利用強(qiáng)度和位相信息表征生物芯片的理論模型，建立了一套單波長(zhǎng)同時(shí)獲取強(qiáng)度圖像和位相圖像的SPRI實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了該技術(shù)的可行性，，有望在表面等離子體共振成像高通量芯片分析技術(shù)中獲得應(yīng)用。（三）水是各種生命體的主要成分，液體存在于所有的生物體中，對(duì)液體的各種特性的了解，有利于探索各種與液體有關(guān)的生命過(guò)程。本文利用數(shù)字全息技術(shù)針對(duì)純水液滴和生理鹽水液滴的動(dòng)態(tài)蒸發(fā)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了三維定量可視化技術(shù)研究，該技術(shù)有望在研究各種生物表面的濕潤(rùn)、蒸發(fā)機(jī)理方面獲得應(yīng)用。（四）雙波長(zhǎng)復(fù)用數(shù)字全息成像技術(shù)可拓寬測(cè)量范圍，本文提出了一種基于三棱鏡分光原理的離軸雙波長(zhǎng)數(shù)字全息技術(shù)的簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置，并利用該實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置對(duì)1951美國(guó)分辨率板進(jìn)行了雙波長(zhǎng)復(fù)用數(shù)字全息圖的解復(fù)用數(shù)字再現(xiàn)，成功分離出了和單個(gè)波長(zhǎng)對(duì)應(yīng)的位相再現(xiàn)圖，驗(yàn)證了該實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的可行性，為方便開(kāi)展雙波長(zhǎng)復(fù)用數(shù)字全息成像技術(shù)在生物醫(yī)學(xué)中的應(yīng)用提供了技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:In terms of human disease diagnosis and biomedical research, biomedical imaging has become one of the widely used methods. Imaging instrument is the traditional optical microscope, can be directly to the naked eye can not see the tiny objects clearly optical amplification imaging. But the traditional optical microscope can detect light intensity, light intensity distribution of 2D image. It is difficult to give, three-dimensional information of imaging objects, the application has some limitations in the biomedical field. The development of new imaging technology for analysis, for in vivo, cells, subcellular samples to achieve interference free, dynamic, quantitative analysis is the urgent needs of life science research at present. This paper carried out the basic research on the application of in the biomedical field for digital holographic imaging technology.
Digital holography is based on the traditional holographic principle, the difference is the use of electronic imaging devices (such as CCD, CMOS camera) hologram recording hologram recorded by data acquisition card and analog / digital conversion and quantization, stored in a computer in digital matrix form, namely digital hologram reconstruction process by computer; simulation of optical holography, through numerical calculation, the intensity image and phase image can be obtained simultaneously quantified the object wave. Compared with the traditional holographic imaging method, the advantages of digital holography is the continuous process of recording each moment: moving objects, realize continuous real-time recording; through digital reconstruction, it can quantitatively analyze the amplitude and phase information; can be easily image processing of digital hologram recording, reduce or eliminate the noise in the hologram recording process, aberration and other factors. Based on these unique advantages, digital holography is considered as a powerful tool for quantitative analysis and research of biphasic objects such as living organisms. In recent years, digital holography has become a hot research topic in the world.
This paper firstly introduces the principle of optical holography, digital holographic recording and reconstruction process technology. Then build a transmission type digital holographic imaging device, the application of digital holography in in vivo in dynamic imaging was carried out a large number of experiments, the main research contents are as follows: (a) for the current haze medium imaging difficult, scattering light on the imaging object interference, especially to obtain dynamic imaging and other issues, this paper carried out the study of digital holography imaging of dynamic living in turbid media. This paper first introduces the mode of transmission of light in a turbid medium; according to the characteristics of dynamic objects caused by light field continuous change, by continuous laser coherence length long as recording light holographic recording; extracting a Ji Fu digital hologram using digital filtering technology Fourier transform spectrum, both on the hologram digital reconstruction, and can eliminate the twin image and DC background effects, can also weaken the light scattering noise caused by digital technology; focus on, can be solved in a turbid medium in vivo cannot directly focus problems; influence with the spatial filtering technology can further eliminate the scattering noise; the experiment successfully realized dynamic imaging in turbid medium in digital holography based on the imaging method, application is expected to in vivo dynamic imaging in turbid organisms. (two) analyze the problem of high-throughput biochip for using surface plasmon resonance imaging, to carry out research. Analysis of surface plasmon resonance imaging biochip high throughput technique based on Digital holography in order to achieve high throughput analysis, must solve the surface plasmon resonance imaging and biochemical analysis The detection technology of narrow range, in this paper, a method is proposed to obtain the intensity image and phase image of digital holography based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) technology, and the intensity and phase information, can broaden the detection range, high sensitivity, and improve the number of flux analysis. This paper established a set of the the intensity and phase information characterization of biochip model, SPRI experimental system has established a set of single wavelength to obtain the intensity image and phase image at the same time. The experiment proves the feasibility of the technology, is expected to get application in the analysis of surface plasmon resonance imaging microarray. (three) water is the main component of all kinds of life. The liquid exists in all organisms, for the understanding of the various characteristics of the liquid, and the liquid is conducive to explore various life related process. In this paper, based on digital holography According to the dynamic evaporation process of water droplets and Saline droplets of 3D visualization on the quantitative, the technology is expected in the study of various biological wetting, obtained by evaporation mechanism. (four) dual wavelength multiplexing digital holographic imaging technology can expand the scope of measurement, this paper presents a simple experimental device of off axis dual wavelength digital holography based on the principle of three prisms, and the 1951 United States resolution board of the dual wavelength digital hologram multiplexing demultiplexing digital reconstruction by using the experimental device, isolated phase and single wavelength representation, verify the feasibility of the experiment device, which provides technical support for convenient carry out double wavelength multiplexing digital holographic imaging technology in biomedicine.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：暨南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R318.04

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