發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 18:21

  本文選題：輪椅舒適性　切入點(diǎn)：人體壓力分布　出處：《大連交通大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,老齡社會(huì)也在向我們走進(jìn),因此老年輪椅將會(huì)有很大的需求量。輪椅的乘坐舒適性是使用者選用輪椅首要考慮的因素,人們希望在選用輪椅時(shí)有一套完整的體系來(lái)對(duì)輪椅的舒適性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),然而目前國(guó)內(nèi)還沒(méi)有人對(duì)老年輪椅的舒適性評(píng)價(jià)體系做過(guò)專門(mén)的研究。因此,輪椅舒適性評(píng)價(jià)體系的研究有著很重要的意義。然而在汽車(chē)座椅和普通座椅舒適性方面有著大量的研究,它們同樣都涉及到人體坐姿的生理特性,在工作原理和研究方法方面座椅與輪椅舒適性是相通的。 輪椅舒適性是輪椅乘坐者對(duì)輪椅的主觀評(píng)價(jià),它是一個(gè)多層次、多因素的問(wèn)題,受到輪椅本身以及環(huán)境因素和生理因素等的影響,一般方法很難對(duì)其做出評(píng)價(jià),因此必須構(gòu)建一個(gè)輪椅舒適性評(píng)價(jià)體系,使影響舒適性的大量因素變得條理化、層次化。本論文首先基于人機(jī)工程學(xué)中關(guān)于人體壓力與舒適性的關(guān)系原理,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了壓力分布與舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)值之間的關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)用Tekscan壓力分布測(cè)量系統(tǒng)測(cè)量了11位實(shí)驗(yàn)者的壓力分布情況,提取實(shí)驗(yàn)者壓力分布數(shù)據(jù)和舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)值,應(yīng)用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中BP網(wǎng)絡(luò)的預(yù)測(cè)功能建立了輪椅舒適性網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型。將壓力分布數(shù)據(jù)作為輸入、主觀評(píng)價(jià)作為輸出,通過(guò)MATLAB編寫(xiě)B(tài)P網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的程序,經(jīng)訓(xùn)練成功后的模型可以通過(guò)壓力分布情況預(yù)測(cè)出輪椅的乘坐舒適程度,將主觀評(píng)價(jià)與客觀測(cè)量聯(lián)系在一起。 然后根據(jù)德?tīng)柗品椒?gòu)建了輪椅舒適性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)、指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并根據(jù)層次分析法原理建立了《輪椅舒適性專家咨詢調(diào)查表》,調(diào)研了業(yè)內(nèi)教授、醫(yī)生以及輪椅使用者,根據(jù)反饋情況應(yīng)用層次分析法確定出了輪椅舒適性各指標(biāo)權(quán)重,最終確定了比較完善的輪椅舒適性評(píng)價(jià)體系。最后通過(guò)評(píng)價(jià)體系與神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)測(cè)模型的對(duì)比分析,表明輪椅舒適性主觀評(píng)價(jià)體系的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果誤差更小,更加接近于主觀感受。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our national economy, the aging society is also coming to us, so there will be a great demand for wheelchairs for the elderly. The comfort of wheelchairs is the primary consideration for users to choose wheelchairs. People hope that there is a complete system to evaluate the comfort of wheelchairs when they choose wheelchairs. However, at present, no one has made a special study on the comfort evaluation system of wheelchairs for the elderly. The research on the evaluation system of wheelchair comfort is of great significance. However, there are a lot of researches on the comfort of automobile seats and ordinary seats, which are also related to the physiological characteristics of human sitting posture. In terms of working principles and research methods, seat and wheelchair comfort are interlinked. Wheelchair comfort is the subjective evaluation of wheelchairs by wheelchair occupants. It is a multi-level and multi-factor problem, which is influenced by wheelchair itself, environmental and physiological factors, etc. It is difficult to evaluate it by general methods. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a wheelchair comfort evaluation system so that a large number of factors affecting the comfort become orderly and hierarchical. Firstly, this paper is based on the relationship between human pressure and comfort in ergonomics. The relationship between the pressure distribution and the subjective evaluation of comfort was studied through experiments. The pressure distribution of 11 subjects was measured by using Tekscan pressure distribution measurement system, and the data of pressure distribution and subjective evaluation of comfort were extracted. The prediction model of wheelchair comfort network is established by using the prediction function of BP network in artificial neural network. The pressure distribution data is taken as input, subjective evaluation is taken as output, and the program of BP network model is compiled by MATLAB. After training, the model can predict the comfort degree of wheelchair by pressure distribution, and connect subjective evaluation with objective measurement. Then, according to Delphi method, the evaluation index and evaluation standard of wheelchair comfort are constructed, and according to the principle of Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the "expert consultation questionnaire on wheelchair comfort" is established, and the professors, doctors and wheelchair users in the field are investigated. According to the feedback situation, the weight of wheelchair comfort index is determined by AHP, and a more perfect evaluation system of wheelchair comfort is finally determined. Finally, the comparison between evaluation system and neural network prediction model is carried out. It shows that the prediction error of the subjective evaluation system for wheelchair comfort is smaller and closer to subjective feeling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TH789

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