發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-06 16:20

  本文選題：林生地霉 + 皮損株�。� 參考：《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的:地霉菌(Geotrichum)為酵母樣真菌,屬半知菌類、絲孢綱、絲孢目、叢梗孢科,其代表菌種白地霉(Geotrichum candidum ),是一種條件致病菌,多引起支氣管感染,偶可致全身播散性感染。林生地霉(Geotircum sivicola)是地霉屬中新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)種,2002年首次從巴西果蠅和印度柞蠶幼蟲(chóng)身上分離得到。同年,我科首次從一膿癬患兒皮損中分離得到一株林生地霉。2005年,我科又自一例中毒性表皮壞死松解癥患者的血液中分離出一株林生地霉。李秀麗等從形態(tài)學(xué)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)生理學(xué)、分子生物學(xué)等各個(gè)角度對(duì)林生地霉進(jìn)行初步研究,并且通過(guò)皮膚感染的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)及毛發(fā)受侵試驗(yàn)對(duì)其致病力進(jìn)行了初步探討。 本研究通過(guò)對(duì)不同年齡組毛發(fā)進(jìn)行改良毛發(fā)穿孔實(shí)驗(yàn),一方面在光鏡和電鏡下觀察林生地霉血液株,林生地霉皮損株和白地霉的菌絲及孢子的形態(tài)及其對(duì)毛發(fā)破壞的程度,為臨床上診斷地霉所致頭發(fā)的感染提供指導(dǎo)。另一方面比較其對(duì)不同年齡組毛發(fā)感染時(shí)間的差異,進(jìn)而評(píng)價(jià)地霉菌對(duì)毛發(fā)的侵襲力。 方法:林生地霉系我科保存的經(jīng)中科院微生物研究所鑒定菌種,白地霉購(gòu)自中科院微生物研究所。將林生地霉血液株、林生地霉皮損株和白地霉分別接種于改良沙堡氏培養(yǎng)基上,在37℃溫箱培養(yǎng)14天,挑取菌落置于生理鹽水中,經(jīng)振蕩分別制備成林生地霉皮損株、林生地霉血液株及白地霉菌懸液,并用血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)板將菌懸液中孢子數(shù)控制在108/ ml～109/ ml范圍備用。取4個(gè)年齡組的毛發(fā)(小于2歲、2～13歲、13～19歲、大于19歲)分別置于沙氏葡萄糖蛋白胨瓊脂培養(yǎng)基,然后在各年齡組毛發(fā)上分別接種林生地霉皮損株、林生地霉血液株及白地霉菌懸液3滴,置于370溫箱培養(yǎng),并取各年齡組毛發(fā)數(shù)根,不加菌懸液作為空白對(duì)照。在接種后2、4、6、7、8、9、10、11周各取數(shù)根毛發(fā)分別用10 % KOH和酚棉藍(lán)染色壓片光鏡下觀察菌絲和大分生孢子的形態(tài),毛發(fā)有破壞者進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用日立S23500N掃描電鏡攝片,以觀察林生地霉皮損株、林生地霉血液株和白地霉形態(tài)學(xué)上的差異以及受感染毛發(fā)的結(jié)構(gòu)變化。 結(jié)果:比較林生地霉血液株、林生地霉皮損株和白地霉對(duì)不同年齡組毛發(fā)感染時(shí)間的差異,以毛發(fā)上有菌絲或孢子附著且毛發(fā)有實(shí)質(zhì)損傷為穿孔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。林生地霉和白地霉均可致毛發(fā)破壞。在每年齡組中,不同菌株間毛發(fā)穿孔時(shí)間比較差異有顯著性(P0.05),另外無(wú)論是皮損株,血液株還是白地霉感染毛發(fā)所需的時(shí)間隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),也隨之延長(zhǎng),經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理有顯著性差異(P0.05)。對(duì)不同菌株間的差異進(jìn)行兩兩比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)在各年齡組中,林生地霉血液株、皮損株和白地霉的兩兩比較差異均有顯著性(P0.05),其中林生地霉血液株的毛發(fā)穿孔時(shí)間范圍在53-64天,平均為58.07±3.15天;林生地霉皮損株的毛發(fā)穿孔時(shí)間范圍在57-66天,平均為61.05±2.55天;白地霉的毛發(fā)穿孔時(shí)間范圍在61-74天,平均為67.11±3.78天。提示林生地霉血液株導(dǎo)致毛發(fā)感染的時(shí)間最短,白地霉導(dǎo)致毛發(fā)感染的時(shí)間最長(zhǎng),因此林生地霉血液株對(duì)毛發(fā)的破壞性較其他兩種菌株強(qiáng)。 對(duì)不同年齡組間的差異進(jìn)行兩兩比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)除小于2歲組與2～13歲組之間比較差異無(wú)顯著性外(P0.05),其余各年齡組的兩兩比較差異均有顯著性,提示年齡越小,毛發(fā)越易被感染。 無(wú)論是林生地霉還是白地霉,在光鏡下均可觀察到毛發(fā)邊緣出現(xiàn)毛刷樣改變,破壞嚴(yán)重時(shí)毛發(fā)表面可出現(xiàn)鍥形缺損,或毛發(fā)邊緣凹凸不平。光鏡可見(jiàn)較多的矩形、橢圓形關(guān)節(jié)孢子和圓形小分生孢子,豐富的芽生孢子,少量的厚膜孢子、菌絲稀少。在電鏡下觀察,林生地霉對(duì)毛發(fā)破壞的程度較白地霉嚴(yán)重,且林生地霉血液株較林生地霉皮損株對(duì)毛發(fā)破壞的程度嚴(yán)重。白地霉的菌絲僅附著在毛發(fā)表面并侵入毛小皮的縫隙間,使毛小皮排列稀松、少量脫落,從而造成皮質(zhì)的輕度缺損;而林生地霉皮損株的菌絲嚴(yán)重侵蝕皮質(zhì),使毛小皮大量的破壞和脫落,造成毛發(fā)的片狀缺損,毛干變細(xì);林生地霉血液株的菌絲還可造成毛發(fā)的劈開(kāi)或斷裂,嚴(yán)重者造成毛發(fā)髓質(zhì)的破壞。 結(jié)論: 1毛發(fā)穿孔試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性表明林生地霉和白地霉均能導(dǎo)致毛發(fā)感染。 2林生地霉較白地霉對(duì)毛發(fā)的破壞早且嚴(yán)重。 3林生地霉血液株較皮損株對(duì)毛發(fā)的破壞早且嚴(yán)重。 4年齡越小,毛發(fā)越易受破壞。
[Abstract]:Objective: Geotrichum is a yeast like fungus, belonging to the class of semi - rhizomatous fungi, ceraspora, cyclosporin, and Rhizopus, which represents the bacterial strain of Geotrichum candidum. It is a conditional pathogen that causes bronchial infection and can cause systemic disseminated infection. Geotircum sivicola (Geotircum sivicola) is a new species found in the genus Rhizopus, 2002 It was first isolated from the Brazil fruit fly and the India tussah larvae for the first time. In the same year, we first isolated a strain of.2005 year from the skin lesions of children with tinea purulent. Our family separated a strain from the blood of a patient with toxic epidermal necrosis. Li Xiu Li and so on from morphology, nutrition physiology, and molecular biology. From various angles, we preliminarily studied the Geotrichum candidum, and discussed its pathogenicity through animal experiments and hair invasion tests.
In this study, a modified hair perforation experiment was carried out on hair of different age groups. On the one hand, the morphology of the mycelium and spores of the fungi and the spores of the fungi and the fungi of the fungi and the fungi of the fungi of the forest of the fungi and the fungi were observed under the light and electron microscope. The difference of hair infection time between different age groups was evaluated to evaluate the invasive ability of Trichoderma to hair.
Methods: the fungi were identified by the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Microbiology, which were preserved in our family. White earth mold was purchased from the Institute of Microbiology in the Academy of Sciences. The strains of ground molds, the blood strain of the fungi and the suspension of M. Candida were prepared, and the number of spores in the suspension was controlled in the range of 108/ ml to 109/ ml with the blood cell count board. The hair of 4 age groups (less than 2 years, 2~13, 13~19, and 19 years old) were placed in the glucosamine Peptone Agar Medium and then in every year. The hair on the hair of the age group was inoculated with the strain of the forest ground mould, 3 drops of the blood strain of the fungus and 3 drops of the mould suspension in the 370 temperature box, and the hair of each age group was taken as a blank control. The hair of the hair was observed under the light mirror of 10% KOH and the phenol cotton blue staining under the microscope after the inoculation. The morphology of the conidia and the hair saboteurs were further used by the Hitachi S23500N scanning electron microscope to observe the morphological changes of the strain of the fungi, the morphological differences of the blood strains and the milderus mildera, and the structural changes of the infected hair.
Results: the difference in the time of hair infection in different age groups was compared between the blood strains of lyngillus sp., and the adhesion of hairs on hair and the damage of the hair on the hair as the standard of perforation. The difference was significant (P0.05). In addition, the time needed to infect hair from the skin strain, the blood strain or the infection of the hairs was also prolonged with the age, and there was a significant difference (P0.05). The difference between the strains of different strains was 22, and the blood strain, the skin strain and the mildew of the fungi were found in the age groups. 22 the difference was significant (P0.05), in which the time range of hair perforation was 53-64 days, the average was 58.07 + 3.15 days, the time range of hair perforation was 57-66 days, the average was 61.05 + 2.55 days, and the time range of hair perforation was 61-74 days, and the average was 67.11 + 3.78 days. The time of hair infection is the shortest in the blood strain of mildew and the longest time of hair infection is caused by mildew. Therefore, the damage of the blood strain to the hair is stronger than that of the other two strains.
The difference between the different age groups was compared 22. It was found that there was no significant difference between the group and the 2~13 year old group (P0.05), and the 22 differences in the other age groups were significant. The younger the age was, the more easily the hair was infected.
A brush like change can be observed on the edge of hair, whether it is ground mold or white earth mildew. When the damage is serious, the hair surface can be shaped and the edge of hair is uneven. The light mirrors can see more rectangles, oval joint spores and round small spore, abundant sprout spores, a small amount of thick conidia and mycelium. Under the electron microscope, it was observed under electron microscope that the degree of hair damage to hair was more serious than that of mildew, and the strain of the blood of the fungi was more serious than that of the linseed. The mycelium of M. candidum attached only to the surface of the hair and intruded into the crevice of the small fur. The mycelium of the strain of the strain of forest ground moldy is seriously eroded in the cortex, causing a large amount of destruction and shedding of the small fur, causing the flake defect of the hair and the finer hair. The mycelium of the blood strain of the fungi of the forest earth mould can also cause the cleavage or fracture of hair, and the serious damage of the hair medulla.
Conclusion:
1 hair test showed that both Trichoderma viride and Geotrichum candidum could lead to hair infection.
2. The damage of Trichoderma viride to the hair is earlier and more serious.
3. The damage of the blood plant of the Geotrichum candidum was earlier and more serious than that of the skin lesion.
The smaller the 4 age, the more vulnerable the hair is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R756

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