艾滋病流行現(xiàn)狀及防治策略探討
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-10 17:09
【摘要】：抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒療法(antiretroviral therapy,ART)可對人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染進(jìn)行有效的長期抑制性治療,使獲得性免疫缺乏綜合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)從世紀(jì)絕癥逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N可控可治的慢性疾病。雖然新增感染者人數(shù)總體趨勢在下降,但每年HIV新增感染人數(shù)及因AIDS死亡人數(shù)仍十分巨大,HIV/AIDS仍是全球最大的公共衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)之一。我國乃至世界的AIDS防治事業(yè)仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn),消除AIDS仍面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。流行病學(xué)上,HIV/AIDS多分布在非洲等醫(yī)療手段有限的貧困地區(qū),且男男性行為者(men who have sex with men,MSM)、性工作者、注射毒品人群(people who inject drugs,PWID)成為主要易感人群;預(yù)防策略上,預(yù)防母嬰傳播(prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT)服務(wù)、治療作為預(yù)防(treatment as prevention,TasP)和暴露前預(yù)防(pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP)取得了一定的成效,但覆蓋率仍然有限;治療進(jìn)展上,多個國家的HIV耐藥性程度增加至10%以上,耐藥程度進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,而HIV/AIDS治愈研究及疫苗研發(fā)目前還處于動物實(shí)驗(yàn)或細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)階段。過去10年內(nèi)我國多個應(yīng)對措施阻止了HIV進(jìn)一步流行,并提高了HIV感染者/AIDS患者的生活質(zhì)量,與此同時,我國也面臨著以下挑戰(zhàn):針對性的預(yù)防方案、關(guān)鍵易感人群的增加(MSM、PWID以及青少年)、HIV感染者的長期護(hù)理、PMTCT服務(wù)覆蓋率、消除歧視進(jìn)程等。本文就近年來國際及我國HIV/AIDS流行現(xiàn)狀及防治進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述。
[Abstract]:Antiretrovirals (antiretroviral therapy,ART) can effectively inhibit the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus,HIV) for a long time, resulting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,). AIDS) from a century-old terminal disease to a controllable and treatable chronic disease. Although the overall trend of new infections is declining, the annual number of new infections and deaths from AIDS remains huge, and HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's biggest public health challenges. There is still a long way to go for AIDS prevention and treatment in China and the world, and the elimination of AIDS is still facing severe challenges. In epidemiology, HIV/AIDS was mainly distributed in poor areas with limited medical treatment, such as Africa, and (men who have sex with men,MSM (MSM), sex workers and injecting drug users (people who inject drugs,PWID) became the main susceptible population. Prevention strategies, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of (prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT) services, treatment as prevention of (treatment as prevention,TasP) and pre-exposure prevention (pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP) has achieved certain results, but the coverage rate is still limited; In the treatment progress, the drug resistance of HIV increased to more than 10% in many countries, and the degree of drug resistance was further developed. At present, the research of HIV/AIDS cure and the research and development of vaccine are still in the stage of animal experiment or cell experiment. Over the past 10 years, several measures have prevented the further spread of HIV and improved the quality of life of HIV infected / AIDS patients. At the same time, our country is also facing the following challenges: targeted prevention programs, Increase in key vulnerable populations (MSM,PWID and long-term care for), HIV infected adolescents, PMTCT service coverage, elimination of discrimination, etc. In this paper, the current situation of HIV/AIDS epidemic and its prevention and treatment are reviewed in the world and China in recent years.
【作者單位】： 上海市復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬公共衛(wèi)生臨床中心感染科;
【基金】：十三五“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”國家科技重大專項(xiàng)(2017ZX09304027)~~
【分類號】：R181.3;R512.91
本文編號：2323056
[Abstract]:Antiretrovirals (antiretroviral therapy,ART) can effectively inhibit the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus,HIV) for a long time, resulting in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,). AIDS) from a century-old terminal disease to a controllable and treatable chronic disease. Although the overall trend of new infections is declining, the annual number of new infections and deaths from AIDS remains huge, and HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's biggest public health challenges. There is still a long way to go for AIDS prevention and treatment in China and the world, and the elimination of AIDS is still facing severe challenges. In epidemiology, HIV/AIDS was mainly distributed in poor areas with limited medical treatment, such as Africa, and (men who have sex with men,MSM (MSM), sex workers and injecting drug users (people who inject drugs,PWID) became the main susceptible population. Prevention strategies, prevention of mother-to-child transmission of (prevention of mother-to-child transmission,PMTCT) services, treatment as prevention of (treatment as prevention,TasP) and pre-exposure prevention (pre-exposure prophylaxis,PrEP) has achieved certain results, but the coverage rate is still limited; In the treatment progress, the drug resistance of HIV increased to more than 10% in many countries, and the degree of drug resistance was further developed. At present, the research of HIV/AIDS cure and the research and development of vaccine are still in the stage of animal experiment or cell experiment. Over the past 10 years, several measures have prevented the further spread of HIV and improved the quality of life of HIV infected / AIDS patients. At the same time, our country is also facing the following challenges: targeted prevention programs, Increase in key vulnerable populations (MSM,PWID and long-term care for), HIV infected adolescents, PMTCT service coverage, elimination of discrimination, etc. In this paper, the current situation of HIV/AIDS epidemic and its prevention and treatment are reviewed in the world and China in recent years.
【作者單位】： 上海市復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬公共衛(wèi)生臨床中心感染科;
【基金】：十三五“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”國家科技重大專項(xiàng)(2017ZX09304027)~~
【分類號】：R181.3;R512.91
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