【摘要】：目的:通過對四平市城市高中生進(jìn)行現(xiàn)況調(diào)查,在掌握高中生超重、肥胖趨勢的基礎(chǔ)上,探討其相關(guān)影響因素,為預(yù)防和緩解中學(xué)生超重、肥胖狀況,開展中學(xué)生素質(zhì)教育及健康成長提供參考。方法:采用簡單隨機(jī)整群抽樣方法,四平市三所高級中學(xué)中,隨機(jī)選取兩所中學(xué),每個年級隨機(jī)調(diào)查4個班級,共計602人。對抽中的班級所有學(xué)生均進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查及身高、體重的測量并計算BMI。對統(tǒng)計結(jié)果進(jìn)行一般性描述后,將調(diào)查對象根據(jù)體重指數(shù)(BMI)分為非超重/肥胖和超重/肥胖兩組,描述性別、年級、體力活動與鍛煉、飲食情況、視頻時間、睡眠情況、精神情況等因素在兩組中的分布情況,應(yīng)用Pearsonχ2檢驗(yàn)對計數(shù)資料率進(jìn)行比較。在單因素分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將性別、年級、油膩食品、煩躁不安和容易生氣等可能與超重/肥胖相關(guān)的因素納入多分類logistic回歸分析,分析各因素與超重/肥胖的相關(guān)性。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)取ɑ=0.05,即P0.05時認(rèn)為具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。結(jié)果:1、四平市城市高中學(xué)生超重率為11.96%,肥胖率為7.38%。男性高中學(xué)生超重/肥胖率為22.95%,女性為15.02%,男性明顯高于女性(P=0.026)。2、高一學(xué)生超重/肥胖(BMI)率為9.42%,高二學(xué)生超重/肥胖(BMI)為23.69%,高三學(xué)生超重/肥胖(BMI)率為22.58%,不同年級間超重/肥胖(BMI)率差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.002),且高一低于高二(χ2=12.278,P0.001),高一低于高三學(xué)生(χ2=7.633,P=0.006)。3、高中生中,女性高中生的體力活動、鍛煉缺乏率為46.43%,男性高中生的體力活動、鍛煉缺乏率為28.66%,女性明顯高于男性(P0.001);高一、高二、高三學(xué)生的體力活動、鍛煉缺乏率分別為20.86%、42.77%、35.42%,不同年級之間的差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.001),且高二學(xué)生高于高一學(xué)生(χ2=20.001,P0.001),高三學(xué)生高于高一學(xué)生(χ2=6.129,P=0.013)。4、高一學(xué)生平均每天視頻時間為2.46±2.43 h,高二學(xué)生平均每天視頻時間為3.71±3.00 h,高三學(xué)生平均每天視頻時間為2.50±2.86 h,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.001)。5、吃油膩食品3天/月的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率最低,為15.25%,吃油膩食品1-3天/周的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率最高,為24.66%,吃油膩食品≥4天/周的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率為18.57%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.044)。6、周一至周五,高一學(xué)生平均每天睡眠時間為7±1 h,高二學(xué)生平均每天睡眠時間為7±2 h,高三學(xué)生平均每天睡眠時間為6±1 h,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.001),高一高于高三(χ2=18.045,P0.001),高二高于高三(χ2=19.364,P0.001)。7、從來沒有感到煩躁不安、容易生氣的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率為11.69%;1-3天/月感到煩躁不安,容易生氣的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率為15.67%;1-3天/周感到煩躁不安,容易生氣的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率為25.90%;≥4天/周感到煩躁不安,容易生氣的高中生的超重/肥胖(BMI)率為25.30%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.015)。8、性別、年級、飲食情況、精神情況影響超重/肥胖的相關(guān)因素。(1)性別:女性是使高中生超重/肥胖患病風(fēng)險降低的保護(hù)因素。女性高中生超重/肥胖患病風(fēng)險是男性高中生的0.051倍。(2)年級:年級增加是導(dǎo)致高中生超重/肥胖患病風(fēng)險增加的危險因素。高二學(xué)生和高三學(xué)生的患病風(fēng)險是高一學(xué)生的3.278倍和2.849倍。(3)精神情況:感到煩躁不安和容易生氣是導(dǎo)致高中生超重/肥胖患病風(fēng)險增加的危險因素。1-3天/月感到煩躁不安和容易生氣、1-3天/周感到煩躁不安和容易生氣、≥4天/周感到煩躁不安和容易生氣的高中生超重/肥胖患病風(fēng)險分別是從來沒有感到煩躁不安和容易生氣的高中生的1.550倍、3.046倍、2.777倍。結(jié)論:1、四平市城市高中生人群超重率為11.96%,肥胖率為7.38%,超重和肥胖已成為該人群重要的健康問題。2、男性是影響高中生超重、肥胖的獨(dú)立危險因素。男性高中生應(yīng)作為高危人群進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)干預(yù),通過加強(qiáng)健康教育,來降低肥胖發(fā)生的危險性。3、年級增加是影響高中生超重、肥胖的獨(dú)立危險因素。對高中生的預(yù)防和干預(yù),應(yīng)重視學(xué)校環(huán)境因素和家庭環(huán)境因素。4、感到煩躁不安和容易生氣是影響高中生超重、肥胖的獨(dú)立危險因素。肥胖的干預(yù)應(yīng)重視心理及精神因素的影響,使高中生具有一個健康向上的生活態(tài)度。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the current situation of senior high school students in Siping city, and to explore the related influencing factors on the basis of mastering the trend of overweight and obesity among senior high school students, so as to provide reference for preventing and alleviating the overweight and obesity of middle school students, carrying out quality education and healthy growth of middle school students. In senior middle schools, two middle schools were randomly selected, and four classes were randomly selected for each grade. A total of 602 students were surveyed. All the students in the middle class were surveyed by questionnaire, and their height, weight and BMI were calculated. After describing the statistical results generally, the subjects were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI):non-overweight/obesity and overweight/obesity. The distribution of sex, grade, physical activity and exercise, diet, video time, sleep, and mental status in the two groups were described. Pearson_2 test was used to compare the data rates. On the basis of univariate analysis, gender, grade, greasy food, restlessness and irritability were compared with overweight/fat. Results: 1. The overweight rate of urban high school students in Siping City was 11.96%, and the obesity rate was 7.38%. The overweight / obesity rate of male high school students was 22.95%, female was 15.02%, and male was 15.02%. The rate of overweight/obesity (BMI) was 9.42% in grade one, 23.69% in grade two, 22.58% in grade three and 22.58% in grade two. The rate of overweight/obesity (BMI) was significantly higher in different grades (P = 0.002), and was lower in grade one than in grade two (2 = 12.278, P 0.001), and lower in grade one than in grade three (2 = 7.63). 3, P = 0.006). 3. Among the senior high school students, the physical activity deficiency rate of female senior high school students is 46.43%. The physical activity deficiency rate of male senior high school students is 28.66%. The physical activity deficiency rate of female senior high school students is significantly higher than that of male students (P 0.001); the physical activity deficiency rate of senior one, senior two and senior three students is 20.86%, 42.77% and 35.42% respectively. Significance of study (P 0.001), and senior two students higher than senior one students (_2 = 20.001, P 0.001), senior three students higher than senior one students (_2 = 6.129, P = 0.013). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who ate greasy food for 3 days/month was the lowest (15.25%). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who ate greasy food for 1-3 days/week was the highest (24.66%). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who ate greasy food for more than 4 days/week was 18.57%. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.044). Fifthly, the average daily sleep time of senior one students is 7 + 1 h, the average daily sleep time of senior two students is 7 + 2 h, the average daily sleep time of senior three students is 6 + 1 h, the difference is statistically significant (P 0.001), senior one is higher than senior three (2 = 18.045, P 0.001), senior two is higher than senior three (2 = 19.364, P 0.001). The overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students was 11.69%; the overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who were agitated and easily angry for 1-3 days/month was 15.67%; the overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who were agitated and easily angry for 1-3 days/week was 25.90%; and the overweight/obesity (BMI) rate of high school students who were agitated and easily angry for more than 4 days/week was 25.90%. (1) Gender: Female is the protective factor for reducing the risk of overweight / obesity in high school students. The risk of overweight / obesity in female high school students is 0.051 times higher than that in male high school students. (2) Grade: grade increase is the cause. The risk factors of overweight/obesity in senior high school students were 3.278 and 2.849 times higher than that of senior high school students. (3) Mental status: being irritable and easily angry were the risk factors of increasing the risk of overweight/obesity in senior high school students. The risk of overweight/obesity in high school students who felt restless and easily angry every day or week was 1.550 times, 3.046 times and 2.777 times as high as those who never felt restless and easily angry, respectively. Conclusion: 1. The overweight rate of high school students in Siping city was 11.96%, the obesity rate was 7.38%, and the overweight rate was 7.38%. Weight and obesity have become an important health problem in this group.2.Male is an independent risk factor for overweight and obesity in senior high school students. The prevention and intervention of high school students should attach importance to school environment and family environment. 4. Being irritable and easily angry is an independent risk factor for overweight and obesity of high school students.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R589.2

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