【摘要】：目的： 分析代謝綜合征患者的心血管病危險(xiǎn)因素控制知識、態(tài)度及行為現(xiàn)狀，并比較不同文化程度、不同年齡段、不同居住地被調(diào)查者的差異，為進(jìn)行更為針對性的健康教育，制定有效的干預(yù)措施，改善代謝綜合征患者的健康水平及降低心腦血管病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供依據(jù)。 方法： 自行設(shè)計(jì)《代謝綜合征患者的心血管病危險(xiǎn)因素控制知-信-行分析》調(diào)查問卷，，內(nèi)容包括代謝綜合征防治知識、飲食、生活方式行為及對健康膳食與生活方式的態(tài)度。 隨機(jī)調(diào)查在吉林大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院心血管疾病診治中心及內(nèi)分泌科就診的代謝綜合征患者，年齡18歲～70歲�，F(xiàn)場收回有效問卷508份，利用EpiData3.0錄入數(shù)據(jù)、SPSS19.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn)，計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)或Fisher確切概率法。 分析代謝綜合征患者的心血管疾病危險(xiǎn)因素相關(guān)知識、態(tài)度及行為，并分別比較高中及以下組（簡稱高中以下組）與大專及以上組（簡稱大專以上組）、＜60歲組與≥60歲組、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組與城市組的差異。 結(jié)果： 1.代謝綜合征防治知識 代謝綜合征防治基礎(chǔ)知識的評分值和及格率，均為高中以下組低于大專以上組、≥60歲組低于＜60歲組、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組低于城市組；高中以下組、≥60歲組和鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組的及格率，均不足60%。知曉率不足50%的內(nèi)容包括：糖尿病及心腦血管病人的血壓控制目標(biāo)值、高血壓、心腦血管病患者每日食鹽控制量、高膽固醇血癥者每日膽固醇控制量、含有反式脂肪酸的食物、海魚多不飽和脂肪酸對預(yù)防血脂異常有利、即使短時(shí)間被動吸煙也有害健康、“低焦油卷煙”不能降低健康危害、糖尿病人空腹飲酒會降低血糖、中國判定腹型肥胖的腰圍數(shù)值、腹型肥胖者心腦血管病危險(xiǎn)性增加。 對缺血性心腦血管病危險(xiǎn)因素的認(rèn)知度較高，10%的人對缺血性心腦血管病危險(xiǎn)因素完全不知曉。 對超重/肥胖能導(dǎo)致腦卒中的認(rèn)知率為60%。 對增加鉀鹽攝入有利于控制高血壓的知曉率僅為27.2%。 對血脂異�？刂拼胧┻_(dá)80%以上。 對吸煙可以導(dǎo)致惡性腫瘤及中風(fēng)的認(rèn)知率均不足60%。 2.代謝綜合征防治飲食及生活方式行為 所有被調(diào)查者均采用藥物控制代謝紊亂，80%的人尚采用飲食控制措施；增加活動者不足50%。 80%的被調(diào)查者畜肉食用量多于禽肉和魚蝦；62%的人每日食鹽攝入量＞6g；56%的人常吃醬菜及鹽腌食物。 當(dāng)前吸煙、當(dāng)前飲用白酒的代謝綜合征患者分別為29.5%及18.1%，當(dāng)前吸煙者中，高中以下組、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)組、＜60歲組所占比例較高。 3.代謝綜合征防治相關(guān)健康膳食及生活方式的態(tài)度 代謝綜合征患者對采取健康膳食的態(tài)度比較積極，但當(dāng)前吸煙，打算戒煙者以及當(dāng)前飲白酒，打算戒白酒者均為60%左右。 對于一些健康膳食與生活方式態(tài)度，大專以上組、城市組、＜60歲組較為積極。 結(jié)論： 1.代謝綜合征患者的心血管病危險(xiǎn)因素防治知識水平不高，尤以文化程度較低者、≥60歲者、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)居住者。 2.代謝綜合征患者的心血管病危險(xiǎn)因素防治相關(guān)健康膳食及生活方式行為的形成率較低。 3.代謝綜合征患者對采用健康膳食的態(tài)度比較積極，但當(dāng)前吸煙者打算戒煙、當(dāng)前飲白酒者打算戒白酒的意愿尚待提高。 4.代謝綜合征患者的心血管病危險(xiǎn)因素控制相關(guān)知識水平亟待提高，膳食及生活方式有待端正，應(yīng)予以重視。健康教育的重點(diǎn)對象應(yīng)為文化程度較低者、≥60歲者、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)居住者。
[Abstract]:Objective:
To analyze the knowledge, attitude and behavior of cardiovascular risk factors control in patients with metabolic syndrome, and compare the differences among subjects of different educational levels, ages and residences. In order to carry out more targeted health education, effective intervention measures should be formulated to improve the health level of patients with metabolic syndrome and reduce cardio-cerebral blood. Provide basis for risk of tube disease.
Method:
A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. The questionnaire included the knowledge of prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, diet, lifestyle behavior and attitude towards healthy diet and lifestyle.
A total of 508 valid questionnaires were collected from the cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment center and Endocrinology Department of the First Hospital of Jilin University. Law.
To analyze the knowledge, attitude and behavior of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome, and compare the differences between the high school and below group (below high school group) and the college and above group (above College group), the group under 60 and over 60, the township group and the urban group.
Result:
1. prevention and treatment knowledge of metabolic syndrome
The score and pass rate of the basic knowledge of prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome were lower in the group below senior middle school than in the group above junior college, lower in the group above 60 years old than in the group below 60 years old, and lower in the town group than in the city group; the pass rate of the group below senior middle school, > 60 years old and town group was less than 60%. The awareness rate of less than 50% included: blood pressure of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients. Control target value, daily salt control in patients with hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, daily cholesterol control in patients with hypercholesterolemia, foods containing trans fatty acids, marine fish polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to prevent dyslipidemia, even if short passive smoking is harmful to health, "low tar cigarettes" can not reduce health hazards, diabetes mellitus Drinking on an empty stomach lowers blood sugar, and China's waist circumference, which determines abdominal obesity, increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Cognition of the risk factors of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease is high, 10% of the people are completely unaware of the risk factors of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease.
For overweight / obesity, the cognitive rate of stroke is 60%.
The awareness rate of increasing potassium intake to control hypertension is only 27.2%.
The control measures for dyslipidemia were more than 80%.
The cognitive rate of smoking can lead to malignant tumor and stroke is less than 60%.
2. metabolic syndrome prevention diet and lifestyle behavior
All respondents used drugs to control metabolic disorders, 80% still used dietary control measures, and less than 50% increased activity.
Eighty percent of the respondents ate more livestock meat than poultry and fish and shrimp; 62 percent ate more than 6 g of salt a day; and 56 percent ate pickles and salted foods.
At present, 29.5% and 18.1% of the smokers with metabolic syndrome were smoking and drinking liquor, respectively. Among the current smokers, the proportion of those under 60 years old was higher in the group below senior middle school and township.
3. health related dietary and lifestyle attitudes toward metabolic syndrome prevention
Patients with metabolic syndrome had a positive attitude toward healthy diet. However, about 60% of the current smokers, those who intend to quit smoking, and those who intend to quit drinking liquor, all intend to quit liquor.
For some healthy dietary and lifestyle attitudes, college or above group, urban group, < 60 years old group are more active.
Conclusion:
1. The knowledge level of cardiovascular risk factors prevention and treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome is not high, especially in those with lower educational level, > 60 years old, and township residents.
2. The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors related to prevention and treatment of healthy diet and lifestyle behavior in patients with metabolic syndrome is low.
3. Patients with metabolic syndrome have a positive attitude toward healthy diet, but smokers intend to quit smoking, and liquor drinkers intend to quit liquor at present.
4. The knowledge level of cardiovascular risk factors control in patients with metabolic syndrome needs to be improved urgently, the diet and lifestyle need to be corrected, and attention should be paid to it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R589

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