本文選題：骨密度 + 骨質(zhì)疏松��； 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的骨質(zhì)疏松(Osteoporosis,OP)是多種原因引起的一種代謝性骨病,骨組織中鈣鹽與基質(zhì)呈正常比例,鈣化正常,主要以骨組織微結(jié)構(gòu)破壞和單位體積內(nèi)骨量降低為特征的多發(fā)病和常見病,已成為遍及世界范圍的、威脅老年人健康的嚴(yán)重社會(huì)問題。OP患者由于骨脆性增加,易發(fā)生骨折、甚至致殘,加重了全社會(huì)的人力及經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。因此早期診斷、治療和預(yù)防OP的發(fā)生發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為越來(lái)越受到社會(huì)關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization,WHO)根據(jù)骨密度(Bone mineral density,BMD)值對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松癥進(jìn)行分級(jí),以同性別、同種族正常健康成年人骨峰值加減一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為正常值,骨量減少為低于峰值(1~2.5)個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,降低程度大于或等于峰值2.5標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為OP;嚴(yán)重骨質(zhì)疏松癥為降低大于或等于峰值2.5個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差以上并且伴有一處或多處骨折。本研究通過測(cè)量合肥地區(qū)正常人群BMD,并對(duì)可能導(dǎo)致OP的生活方式進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查,為預(yù)防OP提供臨床資料。方法收集合肥地區(qū)從2012年9月到2015年1月在安徽省立醫(yī)院體檢并符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的1378例研究對(duì)象。研究對(duì)象的年齡范圍為20~79歲,其中女性752例,男性626例,按5歲為1年齡組進(jìn)行分組。使用美國(guó)GE公司雙能X線骨密度測(cè)量?jī)x(Dual-energy X-ray absorption,DXA)測(cè)定研究對(duì)象的前臂(橈骨全部)、股骨頸、腰椎(L2-4)的BMD,然后在醫(yī)師指導(dǎo)下采用問卷調(diào)查方法對(duì)其一般情況、生活方式(包括吸煙、飲食習(xí)慣、飲酒、運(yùn)動(dòng),光照時(shí)間等)進(jìn)行調(diào)查和評(píng)分,分析兩者之間關(guān)系。結(jié)果采取SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果1.男性BMD達(dá)到骨峰值后隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而BMD下降,但沒有明顯加速下降期;女性BMD達(dá)到骨峰值后從50歲開始隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而BMD下降明顯。其中男女性前臂骨峰值在35~39歲,股骨頸骨峰值在25~29歲,腰椎L2-4骨峰值在30~34歲2.男女性BMD累計(jì)丟失量股骨前臂腰椎3.男女性從50歲開始,OP發(fā)生率隨著年齡增加而增加,女性各年齡段OP發(fā)生率高于男性4.本地區(qū)骨密度值有下降趨勢(shì)。5.多元線性回歸分析:以股骨頸骨密度值為因變量,生活方式為自變量分析發(fā)現(xiàn):該模型的決定系數(shù)R2=0.884,骨密度值與平時(shí)飲食嗜鹽量有相關(guān)性且顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與平時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)量、性別、光照時(shí)間,吸煙有相關(guān)性(P0.05),與飲酒等未見明顯相關(guān)性結(jié)論1.合肥地區(qū)人群骨密度值、OP發(fā)生率有明顯性別差異,男性骨密度值明顯高于女性,女性O(shè)P發(fā)生率顯著高于男性2.男女性BMD達(dá)到骨峰值后隨著年齡增加而BMD逐漸降低,其中女性從50歲開始骨密度值顯著降低3.本地區(qū)人群骨密度值及骨峰值較10年前均有下降趨勢(shì),OP患病率有上升趨勢(shì)。4.不良生活方式對(duì)OP發(fā)生有一定影響,尤其高鹽飲食,缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)、光照時(shí)間短,過量飲酒、吸煙等
[Abstract]:Objective Osteoporosissis OPO is a metabolic bone disease caused by many reasons. The calcium salt and matrix in bone tissue are normal and calcification is normal, which is mainly characterized by the destruction of bone microstructure and the reduction of bone mass per unit volume. It has become a serious social problem that threatens the health of the elderly all over the world. Due to the increase of bone fragility, patients with op are prone to fracture or even disability, which increases the human and economic burden of the whole society. Therefore, early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of op have become a hot issue. The World Health Organization of the World Health Organization graded osteoporosis according to bone mineral density (BMD) values, so that the peak bone mass of healthy adults of the same sex, race and race was increased or subtracted as a normal value, and the bone mass decreased to 12. 5 standard deviation below the peak bone mass. The degree of reduction was greater than or equal to the peak value of 2.5 standard deviation, and the severity of osteoporosis was greater than or equal to the peak value of 2.5 standard deviation and accompanied by one or more fractures. In order to provide clinical data for the prevention of op, this study measured the BMDs of normal population in Hefei and investigated the lifestyle that may lead to op. Methods from September 2012 to January 2015, 1378 subjects who were examined in Anhui Provincial Hospital and met the inclusion criteria were collected. The age range of the subjects was 20 to 79 years old, including 752 females and 626 males, divided into 5 years old and 1 year old groups. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure the BMDs in the forearm (radial, femoral neck, lumbar vertebrae L2-4) of the subjects, and then, under the guidance of a physician, a questionnaire survey was used to investigate the general situation, lifestyle (including smoking) of the subjects. Dietary habits, drinking, exercise, lighting time, etc.) were investigated and scored to analyze the relationship between the two. Results the results were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. Result 1. The BMD decreased with age after reaching the peak bone value in males, but did not accelerate the decline period, but BMD decreased significantly in female BMD from the age of 50 years after reaching the peak bone peak. The peak value of forearm bone in male and female was 35 ~ 39 years old, the peak value of femoral neck bone was 25 ~ 29 years old, and the peak value of L2-4 bone in lumbar vertebrae was 30 ~ 34 years old. The cumulative loss of male and female BMD in femur forearm and lumbar vertebrae was 3. The incidence of op in males and females increased with age from the age of 50. The incidence of op in females was higher than that in males. The value of bone mineral density in this area has a downward trend. Multiple linear regression analysis: the femoral neck bone mineral density was taken as dependent variable and lifestyle as independent variable. The determination coefficient of this model was R _ 2 ~ (0.884). The value of bone mineral density was significantly correlated with the amount of salt in normal diet (P _ (0.01), and with the amount of exercise and sex. There was no significant correlation between smoking and alcohol consumption. The incidence of bone mineral density (BMD) and op was significantly higher in males than in females, and higher in females than in males. The bone mineral density (BMD) of male and female decreased gradually with the increase of age after reaching the peak of bone, in which the bone mineral density of female decreased significantly from 50 years old. The bone mineral density (BMD) and bone peak value (BMD) of the population in this area were lower than those of 10 years ago. The prevalence rate of op was on the rise. 4. Bad lifestyle has a certain impact on the occurrence of op, especially high salt diet, lack of exercise, short light time, excessive drinking, smoking, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：R580

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