基于結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的糖代謝影響因素分析以及基于動(dòng)機(jī)談話技術(shù)的社區(qū)糖尿病前期人群干預(yù)研究
本文選題:2型糖尿病 + 有序多分類Logistic回歸分析。 參考:《南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)是一種由多種病因引起的,以慢性高血糖為特征的代謝性疾病。國(guó)際糖尿病聯(lián)盟(International Diabetes Federation,IDF)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示:2014年,全球DM患病率約為8.3%,約有490萬(wàn)人死于DM及其并發(fā)癥,與DM有關(guān)的醫(yī)療支出占全球醫(yī)療總支出的11%。我國(guó)屬于DM高患病率國(guó)家,據(jù)估計(jì),目前已有DM患者1.139億。該病已成為繼惡性腫瘤和心血管疾病之后,又一嚴(yán)重危害我國(guó)居民生命健康的慢性非傳染性疾病。2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)約占全部DM的90%。其發(fā)病機(jī)理涉及胰島素抵抗和/或胰島素分泌絕對(duì)或相對(duì)不足兩個(gè)方面,二者具有遺傳學(xué)基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)受諸多環(huán)境因素的影響。遺傳和環(huán)境因素對(duì)該病的作用方式復(fù)雜,這對(duì)該病的病因研究帶來(lái)挑戰(zhàn),尤其是在多元統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法上。20世紀(jì)70年代,以J?reskog為代表的學(xué)者提出了結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型(Structural Equation Modeling,SEM)。該方法是一種驗(yàn)證性的思維方法和分析技術(shù),可以構(gòu)建網(wǎng)狀病因分析結(jié)構(gòu),明確各個(gè)因素在結(jié)構(gòu)中的位點(diǎn)和各個(gè)位點(diǎn)之間的資源流向,并通過(guò)樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。最終,通過(guò)路徑圖清晰地表達(dá)因素或潛變量之間的作用方式,通過(guò)路徑系數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)作用大小,這比傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。將該方法應(yīng)用到T2DM的病因研究中將會(huì)豐富病因研究的方法學(xué)內(nèi)容。另外,人群中還存在著大量的糖尿病前期或稱糖調(diào)節(jié)受損(impaired glucose regulation,IGR)者,即血糖升高但未達(dá)到DM診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)者。IGR群體是DM的高危人群,我國(guó)現(xiàn)在約有4.934億的IGR者,多達(dá)70%的IGR者最終會(huì)進(jìn)展為DM。因此,在IGR群體中進(jìn)行有效的DM危險(xiǎn)因素干預(yù)具有重要意義。健康的生活方式是dm防治的基石。然而,如何提高個(gè)體行為改變的依從性一直是dm等慢性病管理領(lǐng)域的難題。在1983年,miller博士在一項(xiàng)戒酒的研究中提出了動(dòng)機(jī)談話(motivationalinterviewing,mi)技術(shù)—一種以客戶(患者)為中心的指導(dǎo)性咨詢方式,通過(guò)激發(fā)和化解客戶的內(nèi)心矛盾,促成客戶的行為改變。該方法在西方國(guó)家已被廣泛的應(yīng)用于臨床醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu),在改善患者的自我管理行為方面取得了一定效果。在國(guó)內(nèi),對(duì)mi技術(shù)應(yīng)用的研究報(bào)道相對(duì)匱乏,將mi技術(shù)用于igr群體生活方式的干預(yù)研究未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此有必要探討mi技術(shù)在我國(guó)社區(qū)igr群體管理中應(yīng)用的效果,為社區(qū)dm高危人群以及患者生活方式管理提供新的思路和方法,進(jìn)而豐富我國(guó)的dm等慢性病防治的方法學(xué)內(nèi)容。第一部分基于結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型的糖代謝影響因素分析通過(guò)對(duì)南京市某區(qū)無(wú)dm病史人群的橫斷面調(diào)查,獲取可能影響t2dm發(fā)病的生活方式、生理狀況與其他疾病、家族dm遺傳史等資料,進(jìn)行ogtt,檢測(cè)個(gè)體的血糖、hba1c、胰島素抵抗、胰島分泌功能等指標(biāo),分別采用有序多分類累積比數(shù)logistic回歸分析和sem分析探索血糖水平影響因素。主要結(jié)果如下:1.血糖水平相關(guān)因素的有序多分類累積比數(shù)logistic回歸分析有效樣本4727人,其中新診斷t2dm584人,igr1518人,ngt2625人。年齡30~89歲,男性占32.85%,女性占67.15%。血糖水平(以t2dm、igr、ngt劃分等級(jí))的多因素累積比數(shù)logistic回歸分析顯示:年齡增長(zhǎng)、超重或肥胖、中心性肥胖、高血壓、血脂異常、胰島素抵抗以及dm家族史均是血糖水平升高的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(均p0.05),inr30、inr120水平升高是血糖水平的保護(hù)因素(均p0.05),未發(fā)現(xiàn)性別、飲酒及體力活動(dòng)與血糖水平存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)關(guān)聯(lián)(均p0.05)。2.基于sem的糖代謝相關(guān)因素分析將全部因(自)變量(16個(gè))納入分析,基于探索性因子分析構(gòu)建了三個(gè)潛變量:肥胖(包括bmi和wc),胰島β細(xì)胞分泌功能(包括inr30和inr120)和血糖水平(包括fbg、pbg和hba1c)。采用加權(quán)最小二乘法(wls)進(jìn)行sem擬合,估計(jì)各相關(guān)因素對(duì)胰島素抵抗和胰島β細(xì)胞分泌功能的效應(yīng),以及這些因素對(duì)最終血糖水平的效應(yīng)。結(jié)果顯示:年齡、體力活動(dòng)不足、肥胖、高血壓、血脂異常和dm家族史通過(guò)直接或間接作用于胰島素抵抗或胰島β細(xì)胞分泌功能對(duì)最終血糖水平產(chǎn)生效應(yīng),總體效應(yīng)均為正向,相應(yīng)的效應(yīng)系數(shù)(β)分別為0.16、0.02、0.13、0.17、0.10和0.20。吸煙通過(guò)對(duì)胰島β細(xì)胞分泌功能的負(fù)效應(yīng)而對(duì)最終血糖水平起到正效應(yīng)(β=0.07)。胰島素抵抗對(duì)血糖水平既有直接正向效應(yīng)(β=0.99),也可以通過(guò)正向作用于胰島β細(xì)胞分泌功能進(jìn)而對(duì)血糖水平產(chǎn)生負(fù)效應(yīng)(β=-0.65),其對(duì)最終血糖水平的總效應(yīng)為正向(β=0.34)。胰島β細(xì)胞分泌功能對(duì)血糖水平為直接負(fù)效應(yīng)(β=-0.97)。第二部分基于動(dòng)機(jī)談話技術(shù)的社區(qū)糖尿病前期人群干預(yù)研究采用隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),在南京市某社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心服務(wù)轄區(qū)招募糖尿病前期(糖調(diào)節(jié)受損,igr)者160名,年齡在40~79歲,隨機(jī)分配到干預(yù)組(mi組)和對(duì)照組(傳統(tǒng)健康教育組)各80例,開(kāi)展為期1年的干預(yù),最終隨訪到158名研究對(duì)象。對(duì)研究對(duì)象基線、干預(yù)6個(gè)月及1年時(shí)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。主要結(jié)果如下:1.干預(yù)組與對(duì)照組的自我管理知識(shí)與自我管理效能比較采用重復(fù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的方差分析,對(duì)兩組的自我管理知識(shí)與自我管理效能得分進(jìn)行組別、不同時(shí)間以及組別和時(shí)間交互效應(yīng)分析,并進(jìn)行組內(nèi)和組間差異兩兩比較,以性別、年齡和文化程度為協(xié)變量。結(jié)果顯示:干預(yù)6個(gè)月及1年時(shí),兩組研究對(duì)象的自我管理知識(shí)與自我管理效能平均得分較基線時(shí)均顯著升高(均p0.05);干預(yù)1年時(shí),干預(yù)組的自我管理效能平均得分顯著高于對(duì)照組(p0.05)。2.干預(yù)組與對(duì)照組的行為改變效果比較本研究主要關(guān)注研究對(duì)象的7個(gè)目標(biāo)健康行為。結(jié)果顯示:干預(yù)6個(gè)月及1年時(shí),除對(duì)照組在“減壓”條目外,兩組采取目標(biāo)健康行為的比例較基線時(shí)均顯著提高(均P0.05)。干預(yù)6個(gè)月時(shí),干預(yù)組在“控制熱量”和“監(jiān)測(cè)”2個(gè)條目采取目標(biāo)健康行為的比例均顯著高于對(duì)照組(均P0.05);干預(yù)1年時(shí),干預(yù)組在“控制熱量”、“增加膳食纖維攝入”、“控制體重”和“鍛煉”4個(gè)條目采取目標(biāo)健康行為的比例均顯著高于對(duì)照組(均P0.05)。3.干預(yù)組與對(duì)照組IGR轉(zhuǎn)歸情況以及其他健康指標(biāo)變化比較干預(yù)1年時(shí),干預(yù)組轉(zhuǎn)化為NGT的比例(55.1%)顯著高于對(duì)照組(36.6%),調(diào)整RR為2.03(P0.05)。干預(yù)組進(jìn)展為DM的比例(5.1%)雖然低于對(duì)照組(12.7%),但其差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。干預(yù)1年時(shí),干預(yù)組的FBG、PBG、BMI、SBP、DBP和TG平均水平較基線時(shí)分別下降0.37 mmol/L、1.59 mmol/L、0.64 kg/m2、2.78 mmHg、2.28mmHg和0.34 mmol/L,干預(yù)前后差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P0.05);對(duì)照組的FBG、PBG、BMI和DBP平均水平較基線時(shí)分別下降0.20 mmol/L、0.79mmol/L、0.23 kg/m2和2.19 mmHg,干預(yù)前后差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P0.05)。干預(yù)組的FBG、PBG、BMI平均下降水平高于對(duì)照組,其差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P0.05)。4.干預(yù)組和對(duì)照組的生活質(zhì)量改善效果比較與基線相比,干預(yù)1年時(shí),干預(yù)組在除軀體疼痛之外的其他7個(gè)維度的平均得分均顯著提高,干預(yù)前后差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P0.05);對(duì)照組在生理機(jī)能和社會(huì)功能2個(gè)維度的平均得分顯著提高,干預(yù)前后差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P0.05)。干預(yù)1年時(shí),MI組的生活質(zhì)量總分、情感職能和生理職能的得分升高水平顯著高于對(duì)照組(均P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by multiple causes of chronic hyperglycemia. The International Diabetes Federation (International Diabetes Federation, IDF) data show that in 2014, the global DM prevalence rate was about 8.3%, about 4 million 900 thousand people died of DM and its complications, and DM related medical expenditure accounted for the world. The 11%. in China is a country with high prevalence of DM. It is estimated that 113 million 900 thousand of the patients with DM have already become a chronic non communicable.2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM), which is one of the most DM of 90%., after malignant tumor and cardiovascular disease. Two aspects of the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin resistance and / or insulin secretion, the two have the genetic basis and are affected by many environmental factors. Genetic and environmental factors have a complex role in the disease, which challenges the etiology of the disease, especially in the multivariate statistical analysis in the 70s.20 century, with J? Res KOG is a representative of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This method is a verifying thinking method and analysis technique, which can construct the network etiological analysis structure, make clear the source flow between the loci and the loci in the structure, and verify by the sample data. Finally, through the sample data, The over path graph clearly expresses the interaction between the factors or the latent variables, which is more advantageous than the traditional statistical method. The application of this method to the etiological study of T2DM will enrich the methodological content of the etiological study. In addition, there are a large number of prediabetes or sugar regulation in the population. Impaired glucose regulation (IGR), which is the high risk population of DM, which is the.IGR group that has increased blood sugar but does not reach the DM diagnostic standard, our country now has about 493 million 400 thousand IGR people, and up to 70% of IGR will eventually advance to DM. therefore, it is of great significance to carry out effective DM risk factors in the IGR population. The cornerstone. However, how to improve the compliance of individual behavior changes has been a difficult problem in the management of chronic diseases such as DM. In 1983, Dr. Miller proposed motivationalinterviewing (MI) in a study of alcohol abstinence, a customer (patient) centered counseling approach by stimulating and dissolving customers. This method has been widely used in clinical medical institutions in western countries and has achieved certain effects in improving patients' self management behavior in the western countries. In China, the research reports on the application of MI technology are relatively scarce, and the intervention study of MI technology in IGR group life style has not been reported. It is necessary to explore the effect of MI technology in the community management of community IGR in China, provide new ideas and methods for the high risk population of community DM and the management of patients' life style, and then enrich the methodological content of the prevention and control of chronic diseases such as DM in China. The first part is based on the analysis of the influence factors of the structure Fang Chengmo type of sugar metabolism to Nanjing A cross-sectional survey of people without DM medical history in a district to obtain the lifestyle, physiological status and other diseases, other diseases, family DM genetic history and other data, OGTT, to detect the blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin resistance and islet secretory function of the individual, and to obtain the orderly multi classification cumulative ratio logistic regression analysis and SEM analysis respectively. To explore the influence factors of blood glucose level, the main results are as follows: 1. the orderly multi classification cumulative ratio of blood glucose levels is 4727 logistic regression analysis, of which the new diagnosis of t2dm584, igr1518, ngt2625, age 30~89, male 32.85%, and female 67.15%. blood glucose level (T2DM, IGR, NGT division grade) Logistic regression analysis showed that age growth, overweight or obesity, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and DM family history were independent risk factors for elevated blood glucose levels (all P0.05), inr30, inr120 levels were the protective factors for blood glucose levels (all P0.05), no sex, alcohol and physical activity were found. There was a statistical correlation between blood glucose levels (all P0.05).2. based on SEM based analysis of glucose metabolism related factors, all of the (16) variables were analyzed, and three latent variables were constructed based on exploratory factor analysis: obesity (including BMI and WC), islet beta cell secretory function (including inr30 and inr120) and blood glucose levels (including FBG, PBG and HbA1c). Weight least-squares (WLS) SEM fitting to estimate the effects of related factors on insulin resistance and islet beta cell secretory function, and the effects of these factors on the final blood glucose level. The results show that age, lack of physical activity, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and DM family history are directly or indirectly involved in insulin resistance or pancreas. The secretory function of islet beta cells has a positive effect on the final blood glucose level, and the overall effect is positive. The corresponding effect coefficient (beta) is 0.16,0.02,0.13,0.17,0.10 and 0.20. smoking, respectively, through the negative effect on the secretory function of islet beta cells, which has positive effect on the final blood glucose level (beta = 0.07). Insulin resistance has direct positive positive effects on blood glucose level. The effect (beta =0.99) can also have a negative effect on the level of blood glucose (beta =-0.65) by positive effect on the secretory function of islet beta cells, and the total effect on the final blood glucose level is positive (beta =0.34). The secretory function of islet beta cells has a direct negative effect on blood glucose level (beta = -0.97). The second part of community diabetes based on motivational talk technology In a community health service center of Nanjing, 160 people, aged 40~79, were randomly assigned to 80 cases in the intervention group (Group mi) and the control group (the traditional health education group) in a community health service center of Nanjing. The intervention was conducted for a period of 1 years and followed up to 158. The main results were as follows: 1. the self management knowledge and self-management effectiveness of the intervention group and the control group were compared with the variance analysis of the repeated measurement data, and the difference between the self-management knowledge and self-management efficacy scores of the two groups was different. 1. Time and group and time interaction effect analysis, and the difference between group and group 22, with sex, age and educational level as covariate. The results showed that the average score of self-management knowledge and self-management efficacy of two groups of subjects increased significantly at 6 months and 1 years (P0.05), and intervention for 1 years, dry. The average score of self-management effectiveness of pre group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).2. intervention group and the control group. The study mainly focused on the 7 target health behaviors of the subjects. The results showed that the proportion of target healthy behavior in the two groups was compared to the baseline except the control group in the "decompression" entry for 6 months and 1 years. At 6 months, the ratio of the intervention group to the 2 items of "control heat" and "monitoring" was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). In the 1 year intervention group, the intervention group took 4 items of "controlling heat", "increasing dietary fiber intake", "controlling weight" and "exercise". The proportion of healthy behavior was significantly higher than that of the control group (all P0.05) in the.3. intervention group and the control group, as well as the other health index changes in the 1 years, the proportion of the intervention group converted to NGT (55.1%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (36.6%), and the adjustment RR was 2.03 (P0.05). The proportion of the intervention group to DM (5.1%) was lower than the control group (12.7%). But the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05). At 1 years, the average levels of FBG, PBG, BMI, SBP, DBP and TG in the intervention group decreased by 0.37 mmol/L, 1.59 mmol/L, 0.64 kg/m2,2.78 mmHg, 2.28mmHg and 0.34 respectively. Do not decrease 0.20 mmol/L, 0.79mmol/L, 0.23 kg/m2 and 2.19 mmHg (P0.05) before and after intervention. The average decrease level of FBG, PBG, BMI in the intervention group was higher than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (all P0.05) in the.4. intervention group and the control group, the improvement effect of life quality was compared with the baseline, and the intervention group was in the intervention group at 1 years. The average scores of the other 7 dimensions except for somatic pain were significantly increased, and the differences before and after intervention were statistically significant (P0.05); the average scores of the 2 dimensions in the physiological function and social function were significantly increased in the control group, and the difference before and after intervention was statistically significant (P0.05). The total score of quality of life in group MI and emotional function at 1 years. And the score of physiological function was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】:南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:R587.1
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3 ;糖尿病前期及糖尿病多重危險(xiǎn)因素的干預(yù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)征文通知[J];中華內(nèi)科雜志;2007年11期
4 ;糖尿病前期及糖尿病多重危險(xiǎn)因素的干預(yù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)征文通知[J];浙江醫(yī)學(xué);2007年11期
5 ;糖尿病前期及糖尿病多重危險(xiǎn)因素的干預(yù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)征文通知[J];浙江醫(yī)學(xué);2008年02期
6 ;糖尿病前期及糖尿病多重危險(xiǎn)因素的干預(yù)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)征文通知[J];浙江醫(yī)學(xué);2008年03期
7 賀介;;怎樣處理糖尿病前期?[J];實(shí)用糖尿病雜志;2009年01期
8 張國(guó)民;;糖尿病前期的診斷與干預(yù)[J];中國(guó)社區(qū)醫(yī)師(醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè));2011年19期
9 袁成剛;;糖尿病前期人群的干預(yù)[J];中外醫(yī)療;2011年18期
10 武斐寧;;40例糖尿病前期患者分析[J];實(shí)用糖尿病雜志;2011年05期
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6 解放軍總醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科副主任醫(yī)師 李春霖;糖尿病前期需積極干預(yù)治療[N];中國(guó)醫(yī)藥報(bào);2009年
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