住院患者高鈣血癥的回顧性分析
本文選題:高鈣血癥 切入點:臨床表現(xiàn) 出處:《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:高鈣血癥是臨床較常見急癥之一,通常是某些嚴重疾病和惡性腫瘤的一種表現(xiàn)。輕者無任何癥狀,僅在常規(guī)篩查中發(fā)現(xiàn)血鈣升高,重者可發(fā)生高鈣危象,危及患者生命。因此,系統(tǒng)分析不同病因引起的高鈣血癥的臨床特點、治療及轉(zhuǎn)歸情況,對于指導(dǎo)臨床決策、提高高鈣血癥患者的治愈率和生存率具有重要意義。 目的:分析不同病因引起的高鈣血癥的臨床特點、治療及轉(zhuǎn)歸情況,并探討其發(fā)生機制,進而提高臨床上對該疾病的診療水平。 資料與方法:選取2011年1月至2014年11月于我院各科住院并確診為高鈣血癥的成年患者67例。根據(jù)患者出現(xiàn)高鈣血癥的病因分為四組:1組(惡性腫瘤)、2組(原發(fā)性甲狀旁腺功能亢進)、3組(腎衰竭)及4組(其他類型疾病)。收集記錄每一例患者的自然情況(性別、年齡)、患病原因、臨床表現(xiàn)、治療方法及時間、相關(guān)生化指標(biāo)(血清鈣、血清磷、尿素氮、肌酐)、血清白蛋白、堿性磷酸酶、血尿酸、促甲狀腺激素、游離T3、游離T4、甲狀旁腺激素、心電圖、泌尿系彩超以及骨密度、骨掃描、X線/CT/MRI等相關(guān)骨骼系統(tǒng)檢查。分析住院患者中不同病因引起的高鈣血癥的臨床特點、治療及轉(zhuǎn)歸。應(yīng)用SPSSv22統(tǒng)計軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果:(1)住院患者中高鈣血癥最常見病因是惡性腫瘤(62.7%),其次是原發(fā)性甲狀旁腺功能亢進(14.9%),其中惡性腫瘤相關(guān)性高鈣血癥最常見于多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(57.1%)。(2)經(jīng)校正公式校正后血鈣水平較校正前升高,且差異有顯著統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。 (3)各組血鈣水平排序依次為:2組>1組>3組>4組,但各組血鈣水平差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);2組高鈣危象發(fā)生率最高(40.0%)。 (4)本研究中高鈣血癥患者80%以上伴有不同系統(tǒng)臨床表現(xiàn),伴肌肉神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀者最常見(59.7%),,其余依次是消化系統(tǒng)癥狀(50.7%)、骨骼系統(tǒng)癥狀(49.3%),一半以上患者伴有多個(≥2個)系統(tǒng)癥狀。 (5)本研究中近一半患者出現(xiàn)骨骼系統(tǒng)癥狀,行骨骼系統(tǒng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)近1/3患者出現(xiàn)骨骼系統(tǒng)病變,其中骨折、骨質(zhì)疏松為常見骨骼改變。 (6)輕、中、重不同程度高鈣血癥患者均以肌肉神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀最為常見,伴有多個系統(tǒng)臨床表現(xiàn)者隨血鈣程度增加而增加。(7)除水化擴容、利尿等常規(guī)方法外,降鈣素為高鈣血癥最常用治療藥物(56.7%),但3組以血液透析/濾過/灌注為最常用治療方法(66.7%)。(8)近1/3高鈣血癥患者3天內(nèi)血鈣可降至正常,一半以上一周內(nèi)血鈣可降至正常;1組死亡率高(14.6%);各組高鈣血癥的轉(zhuǎn)歸情況差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。 結(jié)論:(1)住院患者中高鈣血癥最常見的病因是惡性腫瘤,惡性腫瘤相關(guān)性高鈣血癥最常見于多發(fā)性骨髓瘤。(2)經(jīng)校正公式校正后血鈣水平較校正前升高;但不同病因所致高鈣血癥血鈣水平無明顯差異。(3)高鈣血癥住院患者80%以上伴有不同系統(tǒng)臨床表現(xiàn),肌肉神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、消化系統(tǒng)、骨骼系統(tǒng)癥狀均較常見,且常同時伴有多個(≥2個)系統(tǒng)癥狀。(4)除水化擴容、利尿等常規(guī)方法外,降鈣素為臨床上高鈣血癥最常用治療藥物。(5)惡性腫瘤引起的高鈣血癥預(yù)后差,死亡率較高。(6)臨床上應(yīng)提高對高鈣血癥的重視,進一步完善相關(guān)的診斷性化驗及檢查。
[Abstract]:Hypercalcemia is one of the common clinical emergency, usually is a manifestation of some serious diseases and malignant tumors. The light without any symptoms, found only in the routine screening of serum calcium, or high calcium crisis, endangering the lives of patients. Therefore, the system analysis of the clinical characteristics of different causes lead to hypercalcemia, treatment and prognosis and to guide clinical decision making, improve the cure rate of patients with hypercalcemia and survival is of great significance.
Objective: to analyze the clinical features of different causes of hypercalcemia, treatment and prognosis, and to explore its mechanism, and improve the clinical level of diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Materials and methods: from January 2011 to November 2014 in our hospital were admitted and diagnosed 67 cases of adult patients with hypercalcemia. According to the etiology of patients with hypercalcaemia were divided into four groups: group 1 (malignant tumor), 2 groups (primary hyperparathyroidism group (3), renal failure group (4) and other types of collect and record each disease). Patients with natural conditions (gender, age), risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment methods and time related biochemical indicators (serum calcium, serum phosphorus, urea nitrogen, creatinine), serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, blood uric acid, thyroid stimulating hormone, free T3, free T4, parathyroid hormone, electrocardiogram, urinary tract ultrasonography and bone density, bone scan, X-ray /CT/MRI and other skeletal system examination. Analysis of clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with hypercalcemia induced by different causes, treatment and prognosis. SPSSv22 statistical software was used for statistical analysis Analysis.
Results: (1) the most common cause of hospitalization in patients with hypercalcemia is malignant tumor (62.7%), followed by primary hyperparathyroidism (14.9%), one of the most common malignancy associated hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma (57.1%). (2) the blood calcium level is adjusted before the correction formula is increased. And the difference was significant (P < 0.01).
(3) the order of blood calcium in each group was 2 groups > 1 groups > 3 groups > 4 groups, but there was no significant difference in blood calcium level between each group (P > 0.05), and 2 group had the highest incidence of high calcium crisis (40%).
(4) in this study, more than 80% of patients with hypercalcemia associated with different clinical manifestations of the system, the most common symptoms associated with neuromuscular system (59.7%), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (50.7%), the symptoms of the skeletal system (49.3%), more than half of patients with multiple (2 or more) symptoms.
(5) nearly half of the patients in this study had skeletal system symptoms. Bone system examination revealed bone lesions in nearly 1/3 patients. Fractures and osteoporosis were common bone changes.
(6) light, heavy, in patients with different degree of hypercalcemia in neuromuscular system. The most common clinical manifestations accompanied by multiple system increases with the increase of calcium level. (7) in addition to hydration expansion, diuretic and other conventional methods, calcitonin is the most commonly used drug treatment of hypercalcemia (56.7%). But the 3 groups with hemodialysis / filtration / perfusion is the most commonly used treatment method (66.7%). (8) in 1/3 patients with hypercalcemia within 3 days of calcium can be reduced to normal within a week, more than half of calcium can be reduced to normal; 1 groups of high mortality (14.6%); there was no significant difference of the prognosis of hypercalcemia (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: (1) the most common cause of hospitalization in patients with hypercalcemia is malignant tumor, malignancy associated hypercalcemia is most common in multiple myeloma. (2) the blood calcium level is corrected before correction formula increased; but there was no significant difference in serum calcium level. Hypercalcemia caused by different etiology (3) more than 80% hospitalized patients with hypercalcemia with different clinical manifestations, neuromuscular system, digestive system, skeletal system symptoms are more common, and often accompanied by multiple (2 or more) system symptoms. (4) in addition to hydration expansion, diuretic and other conventional methods, calcitonin for clinical treatment of hypercalcemia most commonly used drugs. (5) hypercalcemia due to the poor prognosis of malignant tumor, the mortality rate is higher. (6) clinical attention should be increased to improve the diagnosis of hypercalcemia, testing and inspection of the further.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R589.5
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