本文關(guān)鍵詞：重慶市青少年學(xué)生亞健康現(xiàn)況及其危險(xiǎn)行為因素研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        目的了解重慶市青少年學(xué)生亞健康及其危險(xiǎn)行為因素的發(fā)生情況，探索影響重慶市青少年學(xué)生亞健康發(fā)生的主要因素。方法本研究應(yīng)用定性與定量研究相結(jié)合的方法。1、定性研究：采取非概率抽樣方法中的目的抽樣，選取重慶市某主城區(qū)普通高校、普通完中各1所，分別對(duì)這2所學(xué)校的老師、學(xué)生進(jìn)行個(gè)人深入訪談和專題小組討論。2、定量研究：在重慶市某主城區(qū)和三峽庫(kù)區(qū)某縣，分別選取普通完中1所；在重慶市大學(xué)城選取文、理、醫(yī)科類大學(xué)各1所。采用分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣方法，以小班為單位，從初一到大三被抽取班的全體學(xué)生作為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查內(nèi)容主要包括青少年亞健康多維評(píng)定問(wèn)卷（MSQA）、亞健康相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)行為因素問(wèn)卷。使用SPSS19.0軟件，分別對(duì)青少年學(xué)生亞健康狀況、相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)行為因素的性別、城鄉(xiāng)、學(xué)業(yè)階段之間的差異進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)比較，并采用Logistic回歸進(jìn)行因素分析。結(jié)果1、定性研究結(jié)果：重慶市青少年學(xué)生對(duì)于亞健康及其相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉情況較差，并且知識(shí)獲取途徑有限；青少年學(xué)生的亞健康較為普遍，反映較多的癥狀有：疲勞、厭學(xué)、壓力大、睡眠問(wèn)題、情緒問(wèn)題、適應(yīng)性問(wèn)題、人際交往問(wèn)題等；普遍反映的亞健康的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)行為因素總結(jié)為4方面：①家庭因素；②社會(huì)因素；③學(xué)校因素；④個(gè)人行為特征；受訪同學(xué)和老師也分別從自身角度提出了一些亞健康干預(yù)建議：加強(qiáng)宣傳、增強(qiáng)體育鍛煉、規(guī)律作息、管制煙酒銷售等。2、定量研究結(jié)果：重慶市青少年學(xué)生軀體、心理、身心亞健康癥狀檢出率分別為48.7%、54.0%、64.5%；軀體、心理、身心亞健康狀態(tài)檢出率分別為23.9%、20.0%、20.6%，與全國(guó)水平比較，各指標(biāo)均顯著高于全國(guó)（P<0.05）。不同性別間各亞健康指標(biāo)檢出差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P>0.05）；心理、身心亞健康癥狀和心理亞健康狀態(tài)的檢出率農(nóng)村學(xué)生顯著高于城鎮(zhèn)學(xué)生（P<0.05）；初中、高中、大學(xué)三個(gè)學(xué)業(yè)階段之間各亞健康指標(biāo)檢出率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05），不同學(xué)業(yè)階段分別按年級(jí)分析，初中亞健康各指標(biāo)檢出率隨年級(jí)升高而升高（P<0.05），高中生中軀體亞健康狀態(tài)檢出率隨年級(jí)升高而升高（P<0.05），，大學(xué)生中心理、身心亞健康癥狀隨年級(jí)生升高而降低（P<0.05）。本研究將青少年亞健康危險(xiǎn)行為因素分為7方面分別進(jìn)行分析：①飲食相關(guān)行為。55.2%被調(diào)查者有不規(guī)律早餐行為，男生高于女生（P<0.05），大學(xué)>高中>初中（P<0.05）；45.8%有偏食行為，城鎮(zhèn)高于農(nóng)村（P<0.05）；通過(guò)節(jié)食、藥物、催吐減肥的檢出率分別為7.5%、2.5%、1.6%，節(jié)食、藥物減肥的女生高于男生，城鎮(zhèn)高于農(nóng)村（P<0.05），大學(xué)>高中>初中（P<0.05）。②生活習(xí)慣相關(guān)行為。不同性別、學(xué)業(yè)階段每周參加大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)和小強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間分布差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）；每周上網(wǎng)時(shí)間城鄉(xiāng)、不同學(xué)業(yè)階段組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P<0.05）。③意外傷害情況。青少年學(xué)生意外傷害總檢出率為67.7%，男生高于女生（P<0.05），農(nóng)村高于城鎮(zhèn)學(xué)生（P<0.05），高中>初中>大學(xué)（P<0.05）。④自我傷害行為。青少年學(xué)生自傷行為總檢出率為20.6%，城鎮(zhèn)高于農(nóng)村（P<0.05），高中>初中>大學(xué)（P<0.05）；青少年自殺意念、自殺計(jì)劃、自殺未遂的檢出率分別為11.2%、5.3%、2.4%，其中自殺意念檢出率城鎮(zhèn)學(xué)生高于農(nóng)村（P<0.05），自殺計(jì)劃、自殺未遂檢出率初中>高中>大學(xué)（P<0.05）；⑤物質(zhì)濫用行為。青少年吸煙、飲酒、醉酒及擅用藥物的檢出率分別為5.4%、18.1%、3.3%和3.1%，不同學(xué)業(yè)階段的各項(xiàng)檢出率差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，吸煙、飲酒、醉酒的檢出率男生高于女生（P<0.05），吸煙和擅用藥物的檢出率農(nóng)村高于城鎮(zhèn)（P<0.05）。⑥網(wǎng)癮。5.2%青少年學(xué)生檢出網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮，男生>女生（P<0.05），高中>初中>大學(xué)（P<0.05）。⑦不安全性行為。9.4%的大學(xué)生受試者表示發(fā)生過(guò)性行為，其中最近一次性行為中未使用安全套的占到41.6%，各組間比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義（P>0.05）。初中、高中、大學(xué)分別做亞健康狀態(tài)影響因素logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：每周小強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)是初中生軀體亞健康狀態(tài)的保護(hù)因素，不規(guī)律早餐、不健康減肥、自我傷害、自殺計(jì)劃、擅用藥物、網(wǎng)癮均為初中生軀體亞健康狀態(tài)的危險(xiǎn)因素，偏食、不健康減肥、自我傷害、自殺意念、自殺計(jì)劃、網(wǎng)癮是初中生心理亞健康狀態(tài)的危險(xiǎn)因素（P<0.05）；偏食、不健康減肥、每周大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)、自我傷害行為、自殺意念、擅用藥物行為是高中生軀體亞健康狀態(tài)的危險(xiǎn)因素（P<0.05），每周大強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)是高中生心理亞健康狀態(tài)的保護(hù)因素，自我傷害行為、自殺意念、擅用藥物、網(wǎng)癮是其危險(xiǎn)因素；自殺意念、網(wǎng)癮、不安全性行為是大學(xué)生軀體亞健康狀態(tài)的危險(xiǎn)因素（P<0.05），不健康減肥、自我傷害、自殺意念、自殺未遂、網(wǎng)癮大學(xué)生是心理亞健康狀態(tài)的危險(xiǎn)因素（P<0.05）。結(jié)論重慶市青少年學(xué)生亞健康及其危險(xiǎn)行為因素的發(fā)生率均較高，建議社會(huì)、學(xué)校、家庭三方共同努力，幫助青少年學(xué)生養(yǎng)成有益健康的生活行為習(xí)慣，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)和干預(yù)青少年學(xué)生亞健康，促進(jìn)青少年學(xué)生健康成長(zhǎng)。

    Objective:To investigate the sub-health status and risk behaviors of adolescents in Chongqing,to explore the influenceing factors of sub-health for adolescence in Chongqing.Method:Quantitative and qualitative study methods are both used in this study.1、qualitative study:used purposive sampling method, selected one university, one middle school in Chongqing,and some teachers and students in these schoos were interviewed in different forms;2、Quantitative study:two middle school was sampled and three universities was selected in Chongqing using the stratified cluster sampling method. The investigation included MSQA, sub-health related behavioral risk factor questionnaire. SPSS19.0was used to analysis the students’sub-health status and the risk behavior factors by gender, urban and rural, academic with the chi-square test, also factor analysis with the Logistic regression.Results:1、The results of qualitative study:Chongqing adolescents knew little about sub-health, and limited access to those knowledges; Common problems as follows:fatigue,tiredness,stress,sleep problems, emotional problems,adaptive problems,interpersonal problems;Risk behaviors related factors are summarized into4aspects:①family factors;②social factors;③school factors;④individual behavioral charac-teristics.Suggestions from students and teachers interviewed as follows:strengthen the publicity of sub-health intervention, enhance physical exercise, regular work and rest, regulation of alcoholic drinks and tobacco sales.2、Results of quantitative study:The rate of physical,psychhological andpsychosomatic sub-health symptoms were48.7%,54%,64.5%; The rate of physical,psychhological andpsychosomatic sub-health status were23.9%,20%,20.6%, compared with the national level, Chongqing were significantly higher than the national (P<0.05). Gender differences between sub health indicators were no significant difference (P>0.05); urban students’physical,psychhological and psychosomatic sub-health sym ptoms and psychological sub-health status detection rate was significantly higher than that of rural students (P<0.05);high school> junior school>University (P<0.05), Junior school sub-health detection rate with the grade of each index increased (P<0.05),high school students body sub-health status detection rate with the grade increased (P<0.05),the university students’ physical,psychhological and psychoso-matic symptoms of Sub-health with grade reduce (P<0.05). The study on health risk behaviors divided into7aspects:1、Eating related behaviors:55.2%respondents had an irregular breakfast behavior.The boys detection rate was higher than the girls, university> high school> junior middle school (P<0.05);45.8%respondents had a partial eclipses behavior urban areas> rural areas (P<0.05); the detection rates of the respondents through the diet,drugs,emetic weight loss were7.5%,2.5%,1.6%.Through dieting, weight loss drug detection rate of girls was more than boys, urban> rural, university> high school> junior school (P<0.05).2、life habits related behavior:gender, academic stages of high intensity exercise and small intensity exercise time distribution of the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);the different of weekly online time between the urban and rural was statistically significant (P<0.05);3、the situation of accidental injury:the detection rate of adolescent students’accidental injury was67.7%, boy> girl (P<0.05), rural> urban (P<0.05), high school is the highest(P<0.05);4、self-injurious behavior:self-injurious behavior detection rate was20.6%, urban> rural (P<0.05), high school>junior middle school>University (P<0.05);5、 substance abuse:Adolescent smoking,drinking wine, drinking and drug abuse detection rates were5.4%,18.1%,3.3%and3.1%,different study stages of the detection rate of the differences were statistically significant.Smoking and substance abuse detection rate, rural> urban (P<0.05), smoking,drinking, drunkenness detection rate,boy> girl (P<0.05), smoking and drug abuse detection rate,rural>urban (P<0.05);6、Internet addiction:5.2%adolescent students were detected with Internet ad dictio n,boys> girls (P<0.05),high school> junior middle school> University (P<0.05);7、sexual behavior:9.4%undergraduate subjects indicated that sexual behaviour happened,which recently disposable behavior without using condoms accounted for41.6%,every groups no significant differences (P>0.05). Logistic regression:Weekly samll intensity exercise is a protective factors of junior school students’physical sub-health status,irregular breakfast, unhealthy weight loss, self-injurious,Suicide plan,drugs,internet addiction is a risk factor of high school students’psychhological sub-health status,A partial eclipse, un-healthy weight loss,self-injurious,Suicide ideation, Suicide plan,Internet addiction are risk factors of junior school student psychological sub-health status(P<0.05);A partial eclipse,unhealthy weight loss, weekly high exercise intensity,self-injurious behavior,Suicide ideation,drug were the risk factor of high school students’physical sub-health status (P<0.05);Weekly high exercise intensity was a protective factor of high school students’psychological sub-health status, self-injurious, Suicide ideation,drug,Internet addictio were the risk factors of high school students’psychological sub-health status;Suicide ideation,internet addiction, unsafe sex were the risk factor of university students’physical sub-health status (P<0.05),unhealthy weight loss,self-injurious,Suicide ideation,Suicide attempted, internet addiction were the risk factors of high school students’psychological sub-health status (P<0.05). Conclusion:The occurrence rates of Chongqing adolescent students’ sub-health and risk behaviors were high, and we suggest the social, school, family three parties to help students to develop healthy living habits, to early detection and intervention for adolescent health, to promote the healthy growth of adolescent students.

重慶市青少年學(xué)生亞健康現(xiàn)況及其危險(xiǎn)行為因素研究

英漢縮略語(yǔ)名詞對(duì)照5-6摘要6-10ABSTRACT10-14前言15-201 研究目的202 研究對(duì)象與方法20-26    2.1 定性研究20-21    2.2 定量研究21-263 研究結(jié)果26-69    3.1 定性研究結(jié)果26-41    3.2 定量研究結(jié)果41-694 討論與建議69-79參考文獻(xiàn)79-81文獻(xiàn)綜述：（我國(guó)青少年學(xué)生亞健康問(wèn)題的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)）81-94    參考文獻(xiàn)90-94附錄94-101致謝101-102攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間的主要成果102

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：重慶市青少年學(xué)生亞健康現(xiàn)況及其危險(xiǎn)行為因素研究，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。