低血糖負(fù)荷膳食干預(yù)對超重、肥胖孕婦營養(yǎng)和新生兒DNA甲基化影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 16:02
【摘要】：目的：通過對超重孕婦實施低GI膳食的干預(yù),了解孕期婦女膳食營養(yǎng)素攝入變化情況,探討胎盤組織和臍血中體重增長有關(guān)基因甲基化的改變,為我國特殊人群(超重、肥胖孕婦)的疾病預(yù)防提供一種新的干預(yù)模式提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法：本研究采用隨機化單盲對照干預(yù)試驗設(shè)計,針對初次產(chǎn)檢超重、肥胖的孕婦,在我國孕產(chǎn)婦保健規(guī)范基礎(chǔ)上實施低GI(低血糖生成指數(shù))膳食的干預(yù),膳食干預(yù)組對照組各納入25例孕婦；觀察孕婦孕期膳食和營養(yǎng)素攝入量,使用24小時膳食問卷調(diào)查不同孕期孕婦的膳食、營養(yǎng)素攝入量情況；用問卷調(diào)查方式獲取孕婦人口學(xué)、孕期暴露因素基本信息,分析兩組孕婦間營養(yǎng)素攝入情況。孕婦分娩時收集臍血和胎盤組織,提取DNA,采用Illumina甲基化芯片進行兩步法全基因組甲基化測定,分析膳食干預(yù)組與對照組差異的甲基化基因位點,對差異基因功能進行生物信息學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果：①孕早期和孕中期孕婦能量攝入量均未達(dá)到推薦的攝入量(RNI),孕早期能量攝入為1633.3kcal,為推薦攝入量的77.8%,孕中期1679.9kcal,為推薦攝入量的73.0%。孕早期蛋白質(zhì)攝入量為推薦攝入量的88.6%,孕中期蛋白質(zhì)攝入量為推薦攝入量的95.0%。孕早、中期維生素A的攝入量為推薦攝入的91.2%,98.6%。維生素B1為推薦攝入的57.4%,57.3%；維生素B2為推薦攝入的58.8%,80.6%；維生素B3、E均超過推薦攝入量；維生素C為推薦攝入的125.6%,96.8%。孕早、中期鈣的攝入量達(dá)到適宜攝入量(AI)的63.1%,81.5%；鐵的攝入量為AI的111.0%,73.2%。比較膳食干預(yù)組與對照組的營養(yǎng)素攝入情況,孕早期脂肪攝入兩組間有差異(P0.05),未見其他營養(yǎng)素在兩組間有差異；孕中期維生素E攝入兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P0.05),其他營養(yǎng)素在兩組間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 ②分析膳食干預(yù)組與對照組母親孕期暴露、胎兒出生基本資料,母親孕期基本資料兩組間未達(dá)到顯著性,但是干預(yù)組母親的孕前BMI比對照組略高；膳食干預(yù)組胎兒出生體重高于對照組出生體重(3.7±0.5Kg VS.3.5±0.4Kg, P=0.248),差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 ③根據(jù)小樣本的實驗結(jié)合生物信息數(shù)據(jù)庫分析,共篩選出19個基因位點,所屬18個基因,有5個基因位于1號染色體,2個基因位于7號染色體,其余基因分布比較分散。比較干預(yù)組與對照組基因位點甲基化的改變,發(fā)現(xiàn)臍血中有2個差異的甲基化位點CpG位點,分別位于TEKT5基因、MIR378C基因上,胎盤中發(fā)現(xiàn)1個差異的甲基化位點CpG位點,所屬PGBD5基因。 結(jié)論：本研究人群孕婦膳食種類豐富,但營養(yǎng)素攝入水平不均衡,通過對超重孕婦采取低GI膳食的干預(yù),可以改變胎盤組織和臍血中基因的甲基化的改變,對子代的健康成長有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the changes of dietary nutrient intake in pregnant women through the intervention of low GI diet in overweight women, and to explore the changes of methylation of genes related to weight gain in placental tissue and umbilical cord blood. The disease prevention of obese pregnant women provides a new intervention model to provide scientific basis. Methods: a randomized, single-blind, controlled intervention trial was designed to treat pregnant women who were overweight and obese at the first time. The intervention of low GI diet was carried out on the basis of maternal health standards in China. The diet intervention group included 25 pregnant women in each group. The diet and nutrient intake of pregnant women during pregnancy were observed, and the dietary and nutrient intake of pregnant women during different pregnancy were investigated by a 24-hour dietary questionnaire. The demographics of pregnant women and the basic information of exposure factors during pregnancy were obtained by questionnaire, and the nutrient intake between the two groups was analyzed. Umbilical cord blood and placental tissue were collected during delivery. DNA, was extracted by Illumina methylation microarray to detect the whole genome methylation. The difference of methylation gene sites between the diet intervention group and the control group was analyzed. The differential gene function was analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: 1 the energy intake of pregnant women in the first trimester and the second trimester was not up to the recommended intake. The energy intake of (RNI), in early pregnancy was 1633.3 kcal, which was 77.8 kcal of the recommended intake, 1679.9 kcal in the second trimester, and 73.0 kcal in the second trimester. The protein intake in the first trimester was 88.6 of the recommended intake, and the protein intake in the second trimester was 95.0. The intake of vitamin A in the first trimester and middle trimester was 91.2% and 98.6% of the recommended intake. Vitamin B1 is the recommended intake of 57.3; Vitamin B2 is the recommended intake of 58.80.86; Vitamin B3E is more than the recommended intake; Vitamin C is the recommended intake of 125.6%. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the intake of calcium reached 63.1% and 81.5% of the appropriate intake of (AI), while the intake of iron was 111.0% and 73.2% of AI. Compared with the dietary intervention group and the control group intake of nutrients, early pregnancy fat intake between the two groups there was a difference (P0.05), there is no difference in other nutrients between the two groups; There was significant difference in vitamin E intake between the two groups in the second trimester of pregnancy (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in other nutrients between the two groups. (2) there was no significant difference in maternal exposure and fetal birth data between the two groups, but the pre-pregnancy BMI of the intervention group was slightly higher than that of the control group. The fetal birth weight in the dietary intervention group was higher than that in the control group (3.7 鹵0.5Kg VS.3.5 鹵0.4 kg, P0. 248), and there was no significant difference. 3According to the experiment of small sample and the analysis of biological information database, 19 gene loci were screened out, of which 5 genes were located on chromosome 1, 2 genes were located on chromosome 7, and the other genes were scattered. Compared with the control group, we found that there were two different CpG sites in the umbilical cord blood, which were located on the TEKT5 gene, MIR378C gene, and a different CpG site in the placenta. Belongs to PGBD5 gene. Conclusion: the diet of pregnant women in this study is abundant, but the level of nutrient intake is not balanced. The methylation of genes in placenta and umbilical cord blood can be changed by intervention of low GI diet on overweight women. It is of great significance to the healthy growth of the offspring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R715.3
本文編號：2356694
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the changes of dietary nutrient intake in pregnant women through the intervention of low GI diet in overweight women, and to explore the changes of methylation of genes related to weight gain in placental tissue and umbilical cord blood. The disease prevention of obese pregnant women provides a new intervention model to provide scientific basis. Methods: a randomized, single-blind, controlled intervention trial was designed to treat pregnant women who were overweight and obese at the first time. The intervention of low GI diet was carried out on the basis of maternal health standards in China. The diet intervention group included 25 pregnant women in each group. The diet and nutrient intake of pregnant women during pregnancy were observed, and the dietary and nutrient intake of pregnant women during different pregnancy were investigated by a 24-hour dietary questionnaire. The demographics of pregnant women and the basic information of exposure factors during pregnancy were obtained by questionnaire, and the nutrient intake between the two groups was analyzed. Umbilical cord blood and placental tissue were collected during delivery. DNA, was extracted by Illumina methylation microarray to detect the whole genome methylation. The difference of methylation gene sites between the diet intervention group and the control group was analyzed. The differential gene function was analyzed by bioinformatics. Results: 1 the energy intake of pregnant women in the first trimester and the second trimester was not up to the recommended intake. The energy intake of (RNI), in early pregnancy was 1633.3 kcal, which was 77.8 kcal of the recommended intake, 1679.9 kcal in the second trimester, and 73.0 kcal in the second trimester. The protein intake in the first trimester was 88.6 of the recommended intake, and the protein intake in the second trimester was 95.0. The intake of vitamin A in the first trimester and middle trimester was 91.2% and 98.6% of the recommended intake. Vitamin B1 is the recommended intake of 57.3; Vitamin B2 is the recommended intake of 58.80.86; Vitamin B3E is more than the recommended intake; Vitamin C is the recommended intake of 125.6%. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the intake of calcium reached 63.1% and 81.5% of the appropriate intake of (AI), while the intake of iron was 111.0% and 73.2% of AI. Compared with the dietary intervention group and the control group intake of nutrients, early pregnancy fat intake between the two groups there was a difference (P0.05), there is no difference in other nutrients between the two groups; There was significant difference in vitamin E intake between the two groups in the second trimester of pregnancy (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in other nutrients between the two groups. (2) there was no significant difference in maternal exposure and fetal birth data between the two groups, but the pre-pregnancy BMI of the intervention group was slightly higher than that of the control group. The fetal birth weight in the dietary intervention group was higher than that in the control group (3.7 鹵0.5Kg VS.3.5 鹵0.4 kg, P0. 248), and there was no significant difference. 3According to the experiment of small sample and the analysis of biological information database, 19 gene loci were screened out, of which 5 genes were located on chromosome 1, 2 genes were located on chromosome 7, and the other genes were scattered. Compared with the control group, we found that there were two different CpG sites in the umbilical cord blood, which were located on the TEKT5 gene, MIR378C gene, and a different CpG site in the placenta. Belongs to PGBD5 gene. Conclusion: the diet of pregnant women in this study is abundant, but the level of nutrient intake is not balanced. The methylation of genes in placenta and umbilical cord blood can be changed by intervention of low GI diet on overweight women. It is of great significance to the healthy growth of the offspring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R715.3
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