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比較卵裂球期鮮胚移植與全胚冷凍—凍胚移植的活產(chǎn)率的一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-09-18 19:32
【摘要】:目的:1.比較不孕癥患者行體外受精/胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer,IVF/ICSI-ET)助孕過程中,卵裂球期行新鮮胚胎移植周期與全胚冷凍-凍胚移植周期的妊娠率、活產(chǎn)率、低出生體重兒比率、小于胎齡兒比率、新生兒并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、孕期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及分娩并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。2.比較促性腺激素釋放激素拮抗劑(gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist,Gn RH-ant)方案與短效促性腺激素釋放激素激動(dòng)劑(gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist,Gn RH-a)長(zhǎng)方案對(duì)胚胎質(zhì)量及IVF/ICSI-ET助孕結(jié)局的影響。方法:第一部分為前瞻性隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床試驗(yàn),入組時(shí)間自2014年10月至2015年8月,首先按照納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1.不孕時(shí)間≥1年;2.年齡≥20歲且35歲;3.月經(jīng)規(guī)律,具體定義為月經(jīng)周期≥21天并≤35天;4.行第1周期IVF/ICSI-ET助孕治療;5.因輸卵管因素或男方因素行IVF/ICSI-ET助孕治療;6.同意簽署知情同意書)及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1.既往曾進(jìn)行過一側(cè)卵巢切除;2.符合多囊卵巢綜合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)的中國(guó)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);3.患有子宮異常疾病,包括子宮畸形[單角子宮、縱隔子宮、雙子宮、雙角子宮]、子宮腺肌癥、黏膜下子宮肌瘤、宮腔粘連及瘢痕子宮;4.患者夫婦任一方的染色體核型有異常[不包括染色體多態(tài)性];5.反復(fù)自然流產(chǎn)[包括生化妊娠流產(chǎn)]2次及以上的病史;6.有輔助生殖技術(shù)[assisted reproductive technology,ART]及妊娠的禁忌癥或患有對(duì)妊娠有明確影響的疾病:如高血壓、有臨床癥狀的心臟病、糖尿病、肝臟疾病、腎臟疾病、重度貧血、靜脈血栓史、肺栓塞或腦血管事件史、惡性腫瘤病史;7.獲卵數(shù)5枚)進(jìn)行患者收集。隨后,所有參試者采用統(tǒng)一Gn RH-ant方案進(jìn)行控制性卵巢刺激(controlled ovarian stimulaton,COS)治療。于取卵日對(duì)參試者進(jìn)行隨機(jī)分組,A組為新鮮胚胎移植組,B組為冷凍胚胎移植組。本試驗(yàn)共入組244人,其中A組124人,B組120人。胚胎移植后對(duì)患者妊娠情況進(jìn)行跟蹤隨訪,記錄患者生化妊娠及臨床妊娠情況,之后分別于孕12周、孕28周、孕37周、分娩時(shí)及產(chǎn)后6周進(jìn)行電話隨訪,記錄孕期、分娩、產(chǎn)后及新生兒情況。若首次移植未獲活產(chǎn),則繼續(xù)隨訪后續(xù)凍胚移植情況。匯集整理試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)兩組間一般資料(年齡、不孕年限、體質(zhì)指數(shù)[body mass index,BMI]、腰臀比、基礎(chǔ)激素水平)、COS情況(促性腺激素[gonadotropin,Gn]時(shí)間、Gn總量、人絨毛膜促性腺激素[human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG]注射日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度、卵泡數(shù)、成熟卵泡數(shù)及激素水平)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)(獲卵數(shù)、獲卵率、2PN受精數(shù)、2PN受精率、2PN卵裂數(shù)、2PN卵裂率、D3可移植胚胎數(shù)、可用胚胎數(shù)、可用胚胎率)、臨床指標(biāo)(生化妊娠率、臨床妊娠率、持續(xù)妊娠率、胚胎種植率、異位妊娠率、流產(chǎn)率、活產(chǎn)率、早產(chǎn)率、足月分娩率、單胎分娩率、剖宮產(chǎn)率、活產(chǎn)兒數(shù)、男嬰比率、低出生體重[low birth weight,LBW]比率、小于胎齡兒[small for gestational age,SGA]比率、新生兒并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、分娩并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及孕期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率)進(jìn)行分析比較。第二部分同樣按照第一部分收集參試者標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選出部分在2015年1月1日至2016年12月31日期間,于天津市中心婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)中心接受IVF/ICSI-ET短效Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案助孕治療,病例資料完整且首次移植2枚胚胎的患者,共計(jì)1929人。將進(jìn)行新鮮周期胚胎移植者分為C組,共954人,將進(jìn)行解凍周期胚胎移植者分為D組,共975人。通過查閱病例及隨訪記錄等相關(guān)資料,回顧性分析在接受短效Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案助孕治療患者中,新鮮胚胎移植周期與全胚冷凍-凍胚移植周期的胚胎質(zhì)量、妊娠率、活產(chǎn)率、LBW比率、SGA比率。并對(duì)比不同COS方案可能對(duì)胚胎質(zhì)量及妊娠結(jié)局產(chǎn)生的影響。結(jié)果:1.采用統(tǒng)一Gn RH-ant方案進(jìn)行COS治療的244名參試者,凍胚移植組的生化妊娠率、臨床妊娠率、持續(xù)妊娠率及胚胎種植率均高于鮮胚移植組(P0.05),活產(chǎn)率高于鮮胚移植組但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),異位妊娠率、流產(chǎn)率、早產(chǎn)率、新生兒并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、孕期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及分娩并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率與鮮胚移植組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。更重要的是,凍胚移植組LBW比率和SGA比率均低于鮮胚移植組(P0.05)。2.采用短效Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案進(jìn)行COS治療的1929名患者,鮮胚移植組的可用胚胎率高于凍胚移植組(P0.05)。而凍胚移植組生化妊娠率、臨床妊娠率、持續(xù)妊娠率和胚胎種植率均高于鮮胚移植組(P0.05),異位妊娠率、流產(chǎn)率和早產(chǎn)率無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05),且凍胚移植組LBW比率及SGA比率均低于鮮胚移植組(P0.05)。3.在新鮮胚胎移植周期中,采用Gn RH-ant方案可獲得更高的獲卵率(P0.05),而可用胚胎率無差別(P0.05)。Gn RH-ant方案組生化妊娠率、臨床妊娠率、持續(xù)妊娠率、胚胎種植率及活產(chǎn)率高于Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案組,但無明顯差異(P0.05)。而Gn RH-ant方案組所用Gn時(shí)間和Gn總量均少于Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案組(P0.05)。4.在冷凍胚胎移植周期中,Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案組獲卵率高于Gn RH-ant方案組(P0.05),但可用胚胎率低于Gn RH-ant方案組(P0.05)。Gn RH-ant方案組生化妊娠率、臨床妊娠率、持續(xù)妊娠率及胚胎種植率均較Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案組高(P0.05)。更重要的是,Gn RH-ant方案組Gn時(shí)間及Gn總量顯著少于Gn RH-a長(zhǎng)方案組(P0.05)。結(jié)論:1.凍胚移植較鮮胚移植可獲得更好的生化妊娠率、臨床妊娠率、持續(xù)妊娠率及胚胎種植率。2.凍胚移植與鮮胚移植之間活產(chǎn)率、異位妊娠率、流產(chǎn)率、早產(chǎn)率、孕期并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、分娩并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及新生兒并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率無明顯差異。3.凍胚移植與鮮胚移植相比,LBW比率和SGA比率均低。4.Gn RH-ant方案較Gn RH-a方案Gn時(shí)間及Gn用量均少。5.Gn RH-ant方案對(duì)胚胎質(zhì)量沒有不利影響,甚至有優(yōu)于Gn RH-a方案的傾向。6.Gn RH-ant方案較Gn RH-a方案在凍胚移植中有更好的妊娠結(jié)局。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To compare the pregnancy rate, living rate, low birth weight infants during the cleavage global phase of fresh embryo transfer and whole embryo frozen-frozen embryo transfer cycles during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) assisted pregnancy in infertility patients. Ratio, less than gestational age, neonatal complications, pregnancy complications and delivery complications. 2. Comparison of gonadotropin releasing hormone ant agonist (Gn RH-ant) regimen with short-acting gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (Gn RH-ant) METHODS: The first part was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. The time of enrollment was from October 2014 to August 2015. Firstly, according to the inclusion criteria (1. Infertility time (> 1 year); 2. Age (> 20 years) and 35 years; 3. Menstrual cycle (> 21 days) and (< 35 days). IVF/ICSI-ET for the first cycle of pregnancy; 5.IVF/ICSI-ET for tubal or male factors; 6.Consent to sign informed consent; and exclusion criteria (1.Ovariectomy on one side has been performed in the past; 2.Compliance with the Chinese diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); 3.Abnormal uterine disease, including a package Including uterine anomalies [unicornual uterus, mediastinal uterus, bicornual uterus], adenomyosis, submucosal myoma, intrauterine adhesion and scarred uterus; 4. Abnormal karyotype of either side of the couple [excluding chromosomal polymorphism]; 5. Repeated spontaneous abortion [including biochemical pregnancy and abortion] 2 times or more; 6. Assisted reproduction Techniques [assisted reproductive technology, ART] and contraindications of pregnancy or diseases with definite effects on pregnancy: hypertension, clinical symptoms of heart disease, diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, severe anemia, history of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism or cerebrovascular events, history of malignancies; 7. 5 eggs retrieved) were collected. Subsequently, all participants were treated with controlled ovarian STIMULATON (COS) with a unified Gn RH-ant protocol. On the day of ovulation, participants were randomly divided into two groups: fresh embryo transfer group A and frozen embryo transfer group B. A total of 244 participants, 124 in group A and 120 in group B, were enrolled in the study. Pregnancy status was followed up, biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy were recorded, followed by telephone follow-up at 12 weeks, 28 weeks, 37 weeks, delivery and 6 weeks postpartum. Pregnancy, delivery, postpartum and neonatal status were recorded. If the first transplantation did not achieve live birth, follow-up frozen embryo transplantation was continued. General information between the two groups (age, length of infertility, body mass index, BMI, waist-hip ratio, basal hormone level), COS (gonadotropin [Gn] time, total Gn, human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] injection day endometrial thickness, follicle number, mature follicle number and hormone level), solid Laboratory indicators (number of eggs retrieved, rate of eggs retrieved, number of 2PN fertilization, 2PN fertilization rate, 2PN cleavage rate, number of D3 transplantable embryos, number of available embryos, available embryos rate), clinical indicators (biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, abortion rate, live birth rate, preterm birth rate, full-term delivery rate, single birth rate, cesarean section The uterine rate, the number of live births, the ratio of boys to babies, the ratio of low birth weight [LBW], the ratio of small for gestational age [SGA], the incidence of neonatal complications, the incidence of complications in childbirth and pregnancy complications were analyzed and compared. The second part was also selected according to the criteria of the first part. From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016, a total of 1929 patients received IVF/ICSI-ET short-acting Gn RH-a pregnancy-assisted treatment at the Reproductive Medical Center of Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. The patients were divided into group C and 954 underwent thawing cycles. A total of 975 embryo transplant recipients were divided into group D. The embryo quality, pregnancy rate, live birth rate, LBW ratio and SGA ratio of fresh embryo transfer cycles and whole embryo cryopreservation-frozen embryo transfer cycles were analyzed retrospectively in patients receiving short-term Gn RH-a long-term regimen assisted pregnancy therapy by referring to case history and follow-up records. Results: 1. The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate in the frozen embryo transplantation group were higher than those in the fresh embryo transplantation group (P 0.05), but the live birth rate was higher than that in the fresh embryo transplantation group (P 0.05). The pregnancy rate, abortion rate, premature delivery rate, neonatal complications, pregnancy complications and delivery complications were not significantly different from those in the fresh embryo transplantation group (P 0.05). More importantly, the LBW ratio and SGA ratio in the frozen embryo transplantation group were lower than those in the fresh embryo transplantation group (P 0.05). 2. The COS treatment with short-term Gn RH-a regimen was performed in 1929. The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate of the frozen embryo transplantation group were higher than those of the fresh embryo transplantation group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in ectopic pregnancy rate, abortion rate and premature delivery rate (P 0.05). The LBW and SGA rates of the frozen embryo transplantation group were lower than those of the frozen embryo transplantation group. Fresh embryo transfer group (P 0.05). 3. In the fresh embryo transfer cycle, the Gn RH-ant regimen can obtain a higher rate of eggs (P 0.05), but the available embryo rate has no difference (P 0.05). The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate and live birth rate of Gn RH-ant regimen group were higher than those of Gn RH-a long regimen group, but there was no significant difference (P 0.05). The Gn time and total Gn in the H-ant group were less than those in the Gn RH-a long-term group (P 0.05). 4. In the frozen embryo transfer cycle, the oocyte retrieval rate in the Gn RH-a long-term group was higher than that in the Gn RH-ant group (P 0.05), but the available embryo rate was lower than that in the Gn RH-ant group (P 0.05). The biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate in the Gn RH-ant group were lower than those in the Gn RH-ant group. More importantly, Gn time and total Gn in Gn RH-ant group were significantly less than those in Gn RH-a long-term group (P 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Frozen embryo transplantation can obtain better biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, persistent pregnancy rate and embryo implantation rate. 2. The survival rate between frozen embryo transplantation and fresh embryo transplantation is different. There were no significant differences in pregnancy rate, abortion rate, premature delivery rate, complications during pregnancy, delivery rate and neonatal complications. 3. Compared with fresh embryo transfer, frozen embryo transfer had lower LBW ratio and SGA ratio. 4. Gn RH-ant regimen had less Gn time and Gn dosage than Gn RH-ant regimen. 5. Gn RH-ant regimen had no adverse effects on embryo quality. Gn RH-ant regimen has a better pregnancy outcome than Gn RH-a regimen.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:R714.8

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