本文選題：海淀區(qū) + 不孕癥��； 參考：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的調(diào)查北京市海淀區(qū)體檢育齡婦女不孕癥患病及不孕癥婦女及配偶的社會人口學(xué)特征、健康狀況和不良因素暴露情況,同時了解海淀區(qū)不孕癥婦女就醫(yī)狀況,比較原發(fā)和繼發(fā)不孕癥的相關(guān)影響因素,為本地區(qū)不孕癥的防治提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法本研究于2011年4月至9月,對到北京市海淀區(qū)10家醫(yī)療機構(gòu)中前來進(jìn)行健康體檢的婦女進(jìn)行登記詢問,從中篩選出在2010年3月1日到2011年2月28日期間未避孕的20-49歲已婚婦女作為研究對象。通過問卷調(diào)查形式收集研究對象的一般情況、健康情況、不良因素暴露情況、月經(jīng)情況、既往史、月經(jīng)情況、婚育情況、配偶情況。對收集的調(diào)查問卷采用EpiData3.1進(jìn)行雙錄入,采用SPSS17.0進(jìn)行分析和統(tǒng)計。 結(jié)果 1.不孕癥患病率：在海淀區(qū)10家醫(yī)療機構(gòu)對20-49歲的已婚婦女11727人進(jìn)行了詢問登記。篩出“一年內(nèi)未避孕”者1016人,其中有不孕癥婦女912人。不孕癥粗患病率為7.8%,年齡標(biāo)化率為7.0%,其中原發(fā)性不孕癥婦女148人,粗患病率為1.3%,年齡標(biāo)化率為1.5%；繼發(fā)性不孕癥764人,粗患病率為6.5%,年齡標(biāo)化率為5.5%。 2.不孕癥婦女及配偶的社會人口學(xué)特征、不良因素暴露情況及健康狀況 (1)不孕癥婦女 平均年齡(38.15±6.80)歲,高中及以上文化程度為主,占76.6%；家庭人均年收入5000以上者89.9%；國家及企事業(yè)單位及專業(yè)技術(shù)人員50.4%；有78.4%的人不經(jīng)常參加體育活動；超重婦女為32.1%,低體重者6.8%。 有放射性物質(zhì)或有毒物質(zhì)接觸史的人占5.3%；所有婦女均不吸煙；飲酒者占24.0%。 82.5%的婦女月經(jīng)初潮年齡在11-15歲,5.7%的婦女月經(jīng)初潮為17歲及以上；36.0%的婦女月經(jīng)異常,其中月經(jīng)周期異常、月經(jīng)量異常及痛經(jīng)的發(fā)生率分別為20.2%、22.1%和49.1%。性生活頻率每周≥1次的人數(shù)所占比例為61.0%。不孕癥婦女中有婦科疾病史者517人,占56.7%,其中宮頸炎患病率19.2%(175/912)。15.7%的婦女有婦科手術(shù)史,行子宮肌瘤摘除術(shù)的比例為10.8%。繼發(fā)不孕癥婦女中有流產(chǎn)史者占50.7%,流產(chǎn)中以人工流產(chǎn)所占比例最高,為72.6%。 (2)不孕癥患者配偶 年齡分布：最小21歲,最大73歲,平均(40.06±7.07)；�？萍耙陨鲜芙逃潭人急壤罡�,為57.9%。從事國家及企事業(yè)單位及專業(yè)技術(shù)的人所占的比例最高,為52.1%；超重及肥胖者占59.6%。 有毒物或放射線接觸的人為25人,占2.7%。吸煙的有425人,占46.6%。有飲酒史的人數(shù)占到了53.9%。 生殖系統(tǒng)疾病史者占2.5%。有1.8%的人有生殖系統(tǒng)手術(shù)史。 3.原發(fā)不孕癥和繼發(fā)不孕癥的相關(guān)因素比較 (1)單因素結(jié)果顯示：與原發(fā)不孕癥相比,繼發(fā)不孕者中婦女年齡≥37歲、受教育程度較低(高中以下)、體重異常、有飲酒史、月經(jīng)初潮年齡在11歲以下和15歲以上、有婦科手術(shù)史、性生活頻率1次/周、配偶年齡40歲、配偶受教育程度較低(高中以下)、配偶體重異常、配偶有吸煙史、配偶有飲酒史者比例高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均0.05)。 與繼發(fā)不孕相比,原發(fā)不孕者中婦女受教育程度較高(高中及以上)、國家及企事業(yè)單位職工、有嚴(yán)重痛經(jīng)、配偶受教育程度較高(高中及以上),配偶為國家及企事業(yè)單位職工,配偶接觸過有毒及放射物質(zhì)及患有生殖系統(tǒng)疾病比例高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P值均0.05)。 (2)多因素結(jié)果顯示：婦女有痛經(jīng)史可能與原發(fā)性不孕有關(guān)(OR=3.57,95%CI=1.65-7.74,P=0.001)；與繼發(fā)性不孕可能相關(guān)的因素包括婦女年齡≥37歲(OR=2.19,95%CI=1.09-4.41, P=0.028)；配偶年齡40歲者(OR=1.86,95%CI=1.46-2.36,P=0.000)；配偶吸煙者(OR=1.81,95%CI=1.07-3.06, P=0.027)。 4.不孕癥婦女就醫(yī)情況 有133名婦女有生育意愿,占14.6%,其中80人就醫(yī),就醫(yī)率為60.2%。 結(jié)論本調(diào)查顯示,海淀區(qū)10家醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的體檢婦女不孕癥患病與全國不孕癥患病率基本一致。不孕癥婦女月經(jīng)異常、有婦科疾病史者、流產(chǎn)史及配偶中超重及肥胖、吸煙飲酒史等發(fā)生率較高,可能是其危險因素。不孕癥婦女生育意愿較低影響其就醫(yī)行為。有必要進(jìn)一步開展深入研究分析不孕癥的影響因素。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the social demographic characteristics, health status and adverse factors of infertility women and their spouses in Haidian District, Beijing, and to understand the medical status of women with infertility in Haidian District, and to compare the related factors of primary and secondary infertility, and provide a scientific method for the prevention and treatment of infertility in the region. Basis.
Methods from April 2011 to September, the women who came to 10 medical institutions in Haidian District, Beijing, were registered and questioned. From March 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011, the 20-49 year old married women who were not contraceptive were selected as the research object. The general situation of the subjects was collected through the questionnaire survey. The health status, the exposure of adverse factors, menstruation, past history, menstruation, marriage and childbirth, and spouse situation. The questionnaires were collected by EpiData3.1, and SPSS17.0 was used for analysis and statistics.
Result
1. the prevalence rate of infertility: 11727 married women 20-49 years old were registered in 10 medical institutions in Haidian District. There were 1016 unpregnant women in one year. Among them, there were 912 infertile women. The incidence of infertility was 7.8%, and the age standardized rate was 7%, of which the primary infertility women were 148, the prevalence rate was 1.3%, age scale. The rate of conversion was 1.5%, and secondary infertility was 764, the crude prevalence rate was 6.5%, and the age standardized rate was 5.5%.
2. socio demographic characteristics, risk factors exposure and health status of infertile women and spouses
(1) women with infertility
The average age was (38.15 + 6.80) years, high school and above, accounting for 76.6%, 89.9% of the average annual income of more than 5000 in the family, and 50.4% of the state and enterprise and professional technical personnel; 78.4% of the people did not often participate in sports activities; the overweight women were 32.1%, and the low weight was 6.8%..
5.3% of people who had history of exposure to radioactive substances or toxic substances did not smoke; women accounted for 24.0%.
The age of menarche in 82.5% women was 11-15 years old, 5.7% of women's menarche was 17 years old and above, 36% of women had abnormal menstruation, including abnormal menstrual cycle, abnormal menstruation and dysmenorrhea 20.2%, 22.1% and 49.1%. sex frequency more than 1 times a week in women with gynecologic diseases in 61.0%. infertility. A history of 517 people, accounting for 56.7%, of which 19.2% (175/912).15.7% of women with cervicitis (175/912) had a history of gynecologic surgery. The proportion of hysteromyoma removal was 50.7% in women with 10.8%. secondary infertility, and the highest proportion of abortion in abortion was 72.6%..
(2) spouses of infertile patients
Age distribution: the minimum 21 years, the maximum 73 years old, average (40.06 + 7.07); the highest proportion of the college and above education is the highest proportion of people engaged in the national and enterprise institutions and professional technology of 57.9%., 52.1%; overweight and obese people account for 59.6%.
25 people were exposed to toxic or radioactive exposure, accounting for 425 of 2.7%. smoking, accounting for 46.6%. of 53.9%. drinking history.
The history of reproductive system diseases accounted for 1.8% of 2.5%. and there was a history of reproductive system surgery.
3. relative factors of primary infertility and secondary infertility
(1) single factor results showed that compared with primary infertility, women in secondary infertility were older than 37 years old, low education (below high school), abnormal weight, drinking history, age of menarche under 11 years and over 15 years, with a history of gynecologic surgery, sexual frequency 1 times, 40 years of spouse, and low education (high school for high school) The proportion of abnormal spouses, smoking history of spouses, and drinking history of spouses were statistically significant (P = 0.05).
Compared with secondary infertility, women in primary infertility have higher education level (high school and above), workers in national and enterprise institutions have severe dysmenorrhea, their spouses have higher education (high school and above), spouses are workers in the state and enterprises and institutions, and their spouses have a high proportion of toxic and radioactive substances and reproductive system diseases. The statistical significance (P value was 0.05).
(2) multifactor results show that women may have a history of dysmenorrhea associated with primary infertility (OR=3.57,95%CI=1.65-7.74, P=0.001); factors associated with secondary infertility include women's older than 37 years of age (OR=2.19,95%CI=1.09-4.41, P=0.028); a spouse of 40 years of age (OR= 1.86,95%CI=1.46-2.36, P=0.000); a spouse smoker (OR=1.81,95%CI=). 1.07-3.06, P=0.027).
4. women in infertility medical treatment
There were 133 women who had fertility wish, accounting for 14.6%, of whom 80 received medical treatment, and the rate of medical treatment was 60.2%.
Conclusion the survey shows that the prevalence rate of infertility in women in 10 medical institutions in Haidian District is basically the same as that of the national infertility. The incidence of infertility women with abnormal menstruation, the history of gynecologic diseases, the history of abortion and the overweight and obesity in their spouses, the high incidence of smoking and drinking, may be the risk factors. The fertility will of women with infertility is lower. It is necessary to further study and analyze the influencing factors of infertility.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R711.6

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