本文關(guān)鍵詞： 再生育 孕前保健行為 孕前保健知識(shí) 健康信念 社會(huì)支持　出處：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的:通過(guò)調(diào)查再生育婦女一般情況、孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持及孕前保健行為的現(xiàn)狀和特點(diǎn),探討再生育婦女孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持與孕前保健行為之間的相關(guān)性,歸納再生育婦女孕前保健行為的多種影響因素,并進(jìn)一步量化分析直接和間接因素對(duì)孕前保健行為的影響效能,以期幫助再生育婦女提高孕前保健行為的依從性,同時(shí)為再生育一級(jí)預(yù)防及孕前健康教育干預(yù)措施的制定和倡導(dǎo)提供參考依據(jù)。方法:采取描述性相關(guān)性研究設(shè)計(jì),便利抽樣方法,選取2016年6月到11月在山西省婦幼保健院、太原市婦幼保健院門(mén)診孕檢以及住院分娩符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的328例再生育婦女進(jìn)行面對(duì)面調(diào)查。研究使用一般情況調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、再生育孕前保健知識(shí)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、再生育孕前健康信念調(diào)查問(wèn)卷、一般自我效能量表(GSES)、社會(huì)支持量表(SSRS)及再生育孕前保健行為調(diào)查問(wèn)卷進(jìn)行研究。收集的資料利用SPSS22.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析:采用描述性分析法,分別歸納一般情況、孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持及孕前保健行為的總分及各維度得分情況;采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析,分別探討孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持與孕前保健行為之間的相關(guān)性;采用t檢驗(yàn)、方差分析和多重線(xiàn)性回歸進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,確定孕前保健行為的多種影響因素;采用回歸取向的路徑分析,將直接和間接因素對(duì)孕前保健行為影響效能的路徑參數(shù)值量化。結(jié)果:1.再生育婦女孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持、孕前保健行為的現(xiàn)狀:孕前保健知識(shí)總分為7.68±2.68分,平均0.51±0.18分,各維度平均分由高到底依次為孕前衣食住行等知識(shí)0.73±0.25分,出生缺陷知識(shí)0.43±0.29分,孕前醫(yī)學(xué)生理知識(shí)0.41±0.22分,孕前避孕知識(shí)0.32±0.47分。孕前保健信念總分為101.19±32.83分,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均分為56.22分,各維度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均分由高到底依次為危機(jī)感66.35分,行動(dòng)線(xiàn)索63.20分,自我效能59.90分,嚴(yán)重感58.50分,益處感48.65分,障礙感43.10分。再生育婦女社會(huì)支持總分為40.29±4.10分,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均分為62.95分,各維度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均分由高到底依次為,再生育婦女主觀支持68.66分,再生育婦女對(duì)支持的利用度64.75分,再生育婦女客觀支持41.30分。孕前保健行為總分為9.11±3.00分,平均分0.61±0.20,各維度平均分由高到底依次孕前合理避孕0.86±0.34分,孕前衣食住行等準(zhǔn)備0.62±0.17分,再生育孕前醫(yī)學(xué)生理準(zhǔn)備0.57±0.26分,計(jì)劃妊娠0.56±0.50。2.再生育婦女孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持與孕前保健行為的相關(guān)性:再生育婦女的孕前保健知識(shí)總體及各維度均與孕前保健行為呈正相關(guān),pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)范圍為0.176~0.802(p0.01)。再生育婦女的健康信念總體及各維度均與孕前保健行為呈正相關(guān),pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)范圍為0.616~0.793(p0.01)。再生育婦女的社會(huì)支持總體、主觀支持、客觀支持均與孕前保健行為呈正相關(guān)pearson相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.352、0.456、0.289(p0.01),而再生育婦女的社會(huì)支持利用度與孕前保健行為呈負(fù)相關(guān)r=-0.292(p0.01)。3.再生育婦女孕前保健行為直接影響因素的多重線(xiàn)性回歸:最終有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的自變量有健康信念、孕前半年醫(yī)學(xué)體檢情況、孕前疾病、居住情況、社會(huì)支持,得到的回歸方程為:再生育孕前保健行為=2.234+0.075健康信念+0.698孕前半年醫(yī)學(xué)體檢+1.503孕前疾病+0.629居住情況+(-0.078)社會(huì)支持。4.再生育婦女孕前保健行為影響因素的回歸路徑圖:知識(shí)對(duì)孕前保健行為是間接效果,路徑系數(shù)為0.763(p0.01)。健康信念對(duì)孕前保健行為是直接效果,路徑系數(shù)為0.820(p0.01)。社會(huì)支持對(duì)孕前保健行為既有直接效果又有間接效果,路徑系數(shù)分別為-0.075(p0.01)、0.081(p0.01),總效果合計(jì)為0.06。孕前半年醫(yī)學(xué)體檢情況對(duì)孕前保健行為是直接效果,路徑系數(shù)為0.116(p0.05)。孕前疾病對(duì)孕前保健行為是直接效果,路徑系數(shù)為0.241(p0.01)。居住情況對(duì)孕前保健行為是直接效果,路徑系數(shù)為0.076(p0.05)。結(jié)論:1.再生育婦女孕前保健知識(shí)掌握較好、健康信念存在偏差、主觀支持獲得程度較高但缺乏外部社會(huì)主持、孕前保健行為實(shí)踐情況較差。2.再生育婦女孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持均與孕前保健行為呈正相關(guān),而對(duì)社會(huì)支持的利用度維度與孕前保健行為呈負(fù)相關(guān)。3.再生育婦女孕前保健行為主要受其孕前保健知識(shí)、健康信念、社會(huì)支持、孕前半年醫(yī)學(xué)體檢情況、孕前疾病、居住情況的影響。4.再生育婦女健康信念對(duì)孕前保健行為的直接影響效能最高,孕前保健知識(shí)對(duì)孕前保健行為的間接影響效能最高,而社會(huì)支持則主要是通過(guò)健康信念間接影響孕前保健行為。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the investigation of reproductive women in general, pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, status and characteristics of social support and preconception care behavior, to investigate the fertility of women before pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, the correlation between social support and health behavior before, under many kinds of influence factors of childbearing women preconception care behavior, and further quantitative analysis of the effectiveness of direct and indirect influences on preconception care behavior, in order to help women improve the compliance of the re birth of preconception care behavior, and intervention measures for the re birth of primary prevention and pre pregnancy health education to develop and provide reference basis for advocacy. Methods: descriptive correlational design, convenient sampling method, from June 2016 to in November, Shanxi Province Maternal and child health hospital, outpatient examination of pregnant Taiyuan maternal and child health hospital and hospital delivery in accordance with the inclusion criteria 328 cases of re birth Women face to face investigation. Investigation on the use of general situation questionnaire, questionnaire on reproductive health care during pregnancy, pre pregnancy reproductive health belief questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale (GSES), social support scale (SSRS) and regeneration activities preconception care behavior questionnaire survey research. The data collected by SPSS22.0 software package statistical analysis: descriptive analysis, summarize the general situation, pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, social support and preconception care behavior score and each dimension score; using Pearson correlation analysis, respectively discuss the pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, the correlation between social support and health behavior before pregnancy; by t test. Variance analysis and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis, the effect of various factors to determine the preconception care behavior; regression analysis using the path orientation, will direct and The path parameters influence the effectiveness of behavior factors on pregnancy health care value quantization. Results: 1. reproductive women before pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, social support, status quo of preconception care behavior: pre pregnancy health knowledge score was 7.68 + 2.68, average 0.51 + 0.18 points, each dimension average score from high in the end were pre knowledge of basic necessities of life 0.73 + 0.25, 0.43 + 0.29 birth defects knowledge, pre medical physiology knowledge 0.41 + 0.22, 0.32 + 0.47 progestational contraceptive knowledge. Preconception care score was 101.19 + 32.83 belief points, standardized average score of 56.22 points, each dimension of standardized average score from high in the end are the sense of crisis 66.35 63.20, cues to action, self-efficacy of 59.90 points, 58.50 points are serious, good sense of 48.65 points, 43.10 points. Then the obstacle sense women in the family social support score was 40.29 + 4.10, the standard average score is 62.95, the average dimension of standardization By the end were high, reproductive women's subjective support 68.66 points, then women in the family support utilization of 64.75 points, to 41.30 points. The objective support women's fertility behavior preconception care total score is 9.11 + 3, an average of 0.61 + 0.20, the average high in the end are reasonable before 0.86 + 0.34 points each contraceptive for 0.62 dimensions, before the basic necessities of life + 0.17, the reproductive physiological pre medical preparations for the 0.57 + 0.26, 0.56 + 0.50.2. and family planning pregnancy pre pregnancy health knowledge, health beliefs, relationship between social support and health behavior of pre pregnancy: maternal pre pregnancy health knowledge and the overall dimensions are positively correlated with preconception care behavior Pearson, the correlation coefficient is in the range of 0.176~0.802 (P0.01). Then the overall health beliefs of the women in the family and the relationship between pre pregnancy health behaviors were positively correlated, the correlation coefficient was in the range of 0.616 ~0.793 Pearson (P0.01). Then the birth of the women's overall social support, subjective support, objective support were positively correlated with the preconception care behavior of Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.352,0.456,0.289 (P0.01), and then the women in the family social support utilization and preconception care behavior was negatively correlated with r=-0.292 (P0.01).3. pregnant women pregnancy health care behavior directly affects multiple linear regression finally: the statistically significant variables of health, medical examination before pregnancy during the first half of pregnancy, disease, living conditions, social support, the regression equation was obtained: the reproductive health behavior of pre pregnancy health belief =2.234+0.075 +0.698 +1.503 six months pre medical examination before pregnancy disease +0.629 living + (-0.078).4. and social support of preconception care reproductive behavior women's influencing factors path: knowledge is the indirect effect of preconception health behavior, the path coefficient was 0.763 (P0.01). Health Channel Reading is a direct effect of preconception health behavior, the path coefficient was 0.820 (P0.01). The social support of preconception health behavior has direct effect and indirect effect, the path coefficients were -0.075 (P0.01), 0.081 (P0.01), the total effect of total 0.06. six months pre medical examination is the direct effect of preconception care behavior. The path coefficient was 0.116 (P0.05). The disease is the direct effect of pre pregnancy health care behavior, path coefficient is 0.241 (P0.01). The living conditions of the direct effect of preconception health behavior, the path coefficient was 0.076 (P0.05). Conclusion: 1. reproductive women before pregnancy care knowledge better, health belief bias, subjective support but the lack of high degree of external social host, preconception care practice poor.2. fertility of women before pregnancy health knowledge, health belief and social support were associated with pregnancy health care behavior positively to social supports The degree of using and preconception care behavior was negatively related to.3. and preconception care behavior of women in the family is mainly affected by the reproductive health knowledge, health beliefs, social support, medical examination before pregnancy during the first half of pregnancy, disease, health beliefs influence.4. living conditions to have a direct impact on the behavior of pregnant women before the health high efficiency of preconception care knowledge the indirect influence on the behavior of the highest efficiency of preconception care, and social support is mainly indirect effects of preconception care behavior through health beliefs.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R715.3

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