【摘要】：目的探討6歲以下兒童諾如病毒性胃腸炎的臨床特征及防治方法。方法回顧性分析2016年該院362例6歲以下兒童諾如病毒性胃腸炎的發(fā)病年齡、發(fā)病情況(散發(fā)、群發(fā))、發(fā)病季節(jié)、病程、臨床表現(xiàn)、實驗室檢查、治療情況及預后情況。結(jié)果 362例患兒中男192例,占53.0%,女170例,占47.0%;年齡以3~6歲為主占219例(60.5%);以散發(fā)病例為主,占239例(66.0%);好發(fā)于冬季[160例(44.2%)]和春季[126例(34.8%)];病程多在2~3d(51.4%)。臨床表現(xiàn)以腹瀉[328例(90.6%)]、惡心嘔吐[263例(72.7%)]為主,126例(34.8%)患兒出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱,52例(14.4%)患兒出現(xiàn)脫水征象,231例(63.8%)患兒白細胞總數(shù)正常,82例(22.7%)患兒出現(xiàn)電解質(zhì)紊亂,以低鈉低氯、低鉀為主。86例(23.8%)患兒住院治療,住院時間1~4d,平均2.4d,所有患兒均治愈,無死亡患兒;其余患兒[276例(76.2%)]均在家中隔離,未經(jīng)藥物治療,均自愈。結(jié)論 6歲以下兒童諾如病毒性胃腸炎3~6歲高發(fā),好發(fā)于冬春季節(jié),以腹瀉和嘔吐為主要表現(xiàn),嚴重者可出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱、脫水、電解質(zhì)紊亂而需住院治療。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the clinical features and prevention and treatment of noroviral gastroenteritis in children under 6 years old. Methods the onset age, incidence (sporadic, mass), onset season, course of disease, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, treatment and prognosis of 362 children under 6 years of age in 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 192 cases (53.0%) were male, 170 cases (47.0%) were female, 219 cases (60.5%) were age 3 or 6 years old, 239 cases (66.0%) were sporadic cases. Most of them occurred in winter [160 cases (44.2%)] and spring (126 cases (34.8%), and the course of disease occurred in 2 days (51.4%). The clinical manifestations were diarrhea [328 cases (90.6%)], nausea and vomiting (263 cases (72.7%), fever in 126 cases (34.8%), dehydration in 52 cases (14.4%). The total number of leukocytes was normal in 231 cases (63.8%), electrolyte disturbance was found in 82 cases (22.7%), mainly low sodium and low chlorine, low potassium, 86 cases (23.8%) were hospitalized for 1 ~ 4 days (average 2.4 days). All the children were cured and there was no death. The rest [276 cases (76.2%)] were isolated at home and healed without medication. Conclusion Children under 6 years of age have a high incidence of noroviral gastroenteritis at the age of 3 and 6 years, with diarrhea and vomiting as the main manifestations in winter and spring. In severe cases, fever, dehydration and electrolyte disorder may occur and should be treated in hospital.
【作者單位】： 江蘇省無錫市人民醫(yī)院兒童醫(yī)院兒科;江蘇省無錫市人民醫(yī)院兒童醫(yī)院兒童消化科;江蘇省無錫市人民醫(yī)院兒童醫(yī)院檢驗科;
【分類號】：R725.1

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