【摘要】：目的:分析兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤的臨床特點(diǎn)、診斷及治療方法，提高該時(shí)期卵巢腫瘤的早期診斷率、降低誤診率、改善預(yù)后。 資料與方法：2001年1月至2012年10月吉林大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院共收治的234例兒童期（0～9歲）及青春期（10～19歲）卵巢腫瘤患者，分析該時(shí)期卵巢腫瘤患者的發(fā)病情況、臨床癥狀、檢查結(jié)果、手術(shù)方式、病理結(jié)果及術(shù)后治療情況等。采用描述性、回顧性對(duì)照分析方法，統(tǒng)計(jì)分析應(yīng)用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行2檢驗(yàn)。 結(jié)果： 1、兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤的臨床表現(xiàn)主要為腹痛、腹脹、下腹部腫物及月經(jīng)異常。2、兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤患者中良性腫瘤占78.63%（184例），惡性腫瘤占9.83%（23例），交界性腫瘤占4.70%（11例），，因腫瘤壞死嚴(yán)重而無法分辨腫瘤性質(zhì)者占6.84%（16例）。病理類型中生殖細(xì)胞腫瘤占首位53.85%（126例），其中畸胎瘤119例（良性110例，惡性9例）。3、不同病理類型的卵巢腫瘤與患者發(fā)病年齡有一定關(guān)系，隨著年齡的增長，上皮性腫瘤呈明顯增多趨勢(shì)。4、兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤易被誤診，常誤診為闌尾炎、泌尿系結(jié)石、胃腸炎、腸梗阻等。5、兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤急診就診率高，其中卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)74例(良性腫瘤72例，惡性腫瘤2例)，占31.62%，腫瘤破裂9例，占3.84%。74例卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)患者中組織學(xué)類型以畸胎瘤最常見，40例，占54.05%。6、腫瘤直徑超過5cm時(shí)惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生率明顯增加。 結(jié)論: 1、健康體檢能及早發(fā)現(xiàn)兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤。 2、對(duì)兒童及青春期女性患者應(yīng)想到患卵巢腫瘤的可能，一經(jīng)確診應(yīng)及早手術(shù)治療，避免卵巢腫瘤蒂扭轉(zhuǎn)及壞死的發(fā)生。 3、超聲是診斷兒童及青春期卵巢腫瘤的主要方法。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumors in children and puberty in order to improve the early diagnosis rate, reduce the misdiagnosis rate and improve the prognosis. Materials and methods: from January 2001 to October 2012, 234 patients with ovarian neoplasms were treated in the first Hospital of Jilin University. The incidence and clinical symptoms of ovarian neoplasms in children (0 ~ 9 years) and adolescence (10 ~ 19 years old) were analyzed. Examination results, surgical methods, pathological results and postoperative treatment, etc. Using descriptive and retrospective comparative analysis method, the statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS19.0 software. Results: 1. The main clinical manifestations of ovarian tumors in children and puberty were abdominal pain and abdominal distension. 2in children and puberty with ovarian tumor, benign tumor accounted for 78.63% (184 cases), malignant tumor 9.83% (23 cases), borderline tumor 4.70% (11 cases). The rate of tumor necrosis was 6.84% (16 cases). Germ cell tumors accounted for 53.85% (126 cases), of which 119 cases were teratoma (benign 110 cases, malignant 9 cases). Epithelial neoplasms showed an obvious increasing trend. 4. Ovarian tumors in children and puberty were easily misdiagnosed, often misdiagnosed as appendicitis, urinary calculi, gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction, etc. The rate of emergency treatment for ovarian tumors in children and adolescents was high. Among them 74 cases of ovarian tumor pedicle torsion (72 cases of benign tumor, 2 cases of malignant tumor), 9 cases of tumor rupture, 3.84.74 cases of ovarian tumor pedicle torsion, the most common histological type was teratoma, 40 cases. The incidence of malignant tumor increased significantly when the diameter of tumor exceeded 5cm. Conclusion: 1. Health examination can detect early ovarian tumor in children and puberty. 2. For children and adolescent women, the possibility of ovarian tumor should be considered, and surgical treatment should be taken as soon as possible. To avoid torsion and necrosis of ovarian tumor pedicle. 3. Ultrasound is the main method for diagnosis of ovarian tumor in children and puberty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R737.31

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