【摘要】：目的·了解上海市中小學(xué)生在校午餐攝入情況及營養(yǎng)狀況,為制定營養(yǎng)午餐配餐指導(dǎo)意見提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。方法·運(yùn)用分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣,抽取上海市小學(xué)3所、初中3所、高中1所,共5 322人,采用現(xiàn)場稱重法進(jìn)行連續(xù)3 d的午餐攝入量調(diào)查,并從學(xué)校保健室處獲得學(xué)生身高、體質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)。結(jié)果·供應(yīng)量方面,學(xué)校午餐肉蛋類供應(yīng)過多,水產(chǎn)類較少。實(shí)際攝入方面,小學(xué)、初中生僅肉蛋類達(dá)到推薦值,高中生攝入則相對均衡。3個階段的共同問題是蔬菜攝入均未達(dá)標(biāo)。小學(xué)生的午餐攝入情況不佳,低年級更甚;初、高中女生較男生攝入達(dá)標(biāo)情況更差。學(xué)生午餐攝入脂肪供能比過高,維生素A、維生素B2、鈣及鐵的攝入依然不足;而學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)狀況也呈現(xiàn)消瘦與肥胖并存的現(xiàn)象,消瘦率達(dá)11.4%,超重/肥胖率達(dá)21.4%。結(jié)論·上海市中小學(xué)生的午餐攝入還存在一些問題,營養(yǎng)狀況分布呈雙峰現(xiàn)象;建議制定午餐指導(dǎo)意見時應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注調(diào)查中出現(xiàn)的水產(chǎn)類稀缺、蔬菜類攝入少的問題。
[Abstract]:Objective:To investigate the intake and nutritional status of school lunch among primary and middle school students in Shanghai, and to provide basic data for the formulation of guidance on nutritional lunch matching.Methods:3 primary schools, 3 junior middle schools and 1 senior middle school in Shanghai were selected by stratified cluster random sampling. Results: In the aspect of supply, there was too much meat and eggs for school lunch, but less aquatic products. In the aspect of actual intake, only meat and eggs for junior middle school students reached the recommended value, while intake for senior high school students was relatively balanced. At the beginning, the ratio of fat to energy intake was too high, and the intake of vitamin A, vitamin B2, calcium and iron was still insufficient. At the same time, the nutritional status of students also showed the coexistence of emaciation and obesity, the rate of emaciation was 11.4%, and the rate of overweight/obesity was 21.4%. There are still some problems in the lunch intake of primary and middle school students, and the nutritional status distribution shows a bimodal phenomenon.
【作者單位】： 上海交通大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院;
【分類號】：R153.2

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