【摘要】：目的研究合肥地區(qū)7~18歲中小學(xué)生身高分布特點(diǎn)及矮小癥檢出率,以評(píng)估該地中小學(xué)生生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育情況,為相關(guān)衛(wèi)生政策的制定提供依據(jù),為進(jìn)一步分析矮身材病因及提出干預(yù)措施作參考。方法采用分層隨機(jī)整群抽樣方法,在合肥地區(qū)5個(gè)區(qū)、縣內(nèi)共抽取12所中小學(xué)校,對(duì)其中3593名7~18歲學(xué)生的身高進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)量。分析不同人口學(xué)特征的身高分布特點(diǎn),同時(shí)與該地2010年中小學(xué)生身高數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,并以2009年依據(jù)九省/市兒童體格發(fā)育調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)制定的生長(zhǎng)曲線圖為身高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),分析該地區(qū)矮小癥檢出率。結(jié)果1、研究人群中身高特點(diǎn)為男性高于女性。男性身高增長(zhǎng)以7~15歲較為明顯,12歲后身高增長(zhǎng)速度加快,15歲后增幅減小;女性身高增長(zhǎng)在7~14歲較為明顯,10歲后增長(zhǎng)加快,14歲后增幅減小。其中7~9歲男生平均身高高于女生1.4~1.6cm(P0.05);10~12歲之間男女平均身高無(wú)明顯差異(P0.05);13~18歲男女平均身高呈逐漸增大趨勢(shì),差異在4.2~13.1cm之間(P0.001);7~11歲及15~16歲城市學(xué)生身高高于鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)生在2.7~4.9cm之間(P0.05);12~14及17~18歲城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)生身高無(wú)明顯差異(P值均0.05)。2、合肥地區(qū)2014年各年齡組的平均身高較2010年普遍呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。從性別角度來(lái)看,2014年男生平均身高在8~15歲及17~18歲高于2010年2.1~4.7cm,(P0.001),但7歲及16歲男生平均身高兩年無(wú)明顯差異(P值分別為0.083及0.891,均0.05);女生2014年平均身高在7~17歲年齡段均較2010年增高,范圍在1.0~3.1cm之間(P0.05),但18歲女生平均身高差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.2750.05)。從城鄉(xiāng)角度來(lái)看,2014年較2010年城市學(xué)生平均身高在7~16歲年齡段均呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),增長(zhǎng)范圍在1.3~4.0cm之間(P值均0.05),而17~18歲無(wú)明顯差異;2014年較2010年鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)生各年齡段平均身高,除16歲(P=0.0900.05)外,均呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),增長(zhǎng)范圍為1.7~5.1cm之間(P0.05)。3、合肥地區(qū)中小學(xué)生矮小癥總體檢出率為2.62%;從城鄉(xiāng)來(lái)看,城區(qū)檢出率為1.76%,鄉(xiāng)村為3.43%,城區(qū)檢出率低于鄉(xiāng)村(χ2=9.793,P=0.0020.05);從性別來(lái)看,男生檢出率為2.60%,女生為2.64%,男女檢出率之間無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=0.006,P=0.9370.05)。從年齡別來(lái)看,7~18歲各年齡別矮身材檢出率在1.12%~4.17%之間。小學(xué)組與中學(xué)組的整體矮身材檢出率無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=0.214,P=0.6440.05)。結(jié)論1.從本次調(diào)查可以看出,合肥地區(qū)兒童青少年男女身高生長(zhǎng)曲線在7-9歲和13-18歲兩個(gè)階段呈現(xiàn)出男高女低,10-12歲年齡段男女無(wú)明顯差異的特點(diǎn)。另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是城市學(xué)生平均身高普遍高于鄉(xiāng)村。除外12歲,7~11歲小學(xué)組學(xué)生身高的城鄉(xiāng)差異更為顯著(3.3~4.9cm);而13~18歲中學(xué)組學(xué)生身高的城鄉(xiāng)差異則不太明顯,僅15和16歲城市高于鄉(xiāng)村。2014年各年齡組學(xué)生身高普遍高于2010年。2.2014年合肥地區(qū)共收集參與調(diào)查學(xué)生3593名,篩出矮小學(xué)生94名,矮小癥總體檢出率為2.62%,其中男性矮小癥檢出率為2.60%;女性矮小癥檢出率為2.64%;城區(qū)矮小癥檢出率為1.76%;鄉(xiāng)村矮小癥檢出率為3.43%。矮小癥檢出率的人口學(xué)特征為:鄉(xiāng)村矮小癥檢出率高于城區(qū),男女無(wú)明顯差異,小學(xué)組與中學(xué)組矮小癥檢出率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the characteristics of the height distribution and the detection rate of dwarfism for primary and middle school students aged 7~18 years in Hefei, in order to evaluate the growth and development of primary and middle school students in this area, to provide the basis for the formulation of relevant health policies, to further analyze the cause of short stature and to put forward the intervention measures. Methods the stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted in the 5 Hefei area. In the District, 12 primary and secondary schools were selected to measure the height of 3593 7~18 years old students. The height distribution characteristics of different demographic characteristics were analyzed. At the same time, the height data of the primary and secondary school students in 2010 were compared with the height data of the children's physical development in the nine provinces / cities in 2009. 1, the height characteristic of the study group was male higher than that of the female. The height growth of the male was more than that of the female. The height growth of male was 7~15 years old, the growth rate of height was accelerated after 12 years of age, and the growth rate decreased after 15 years of age; the growth of female height at the age of 7~14 was more obvious. The increase of height after 10 years was accelerated and the increase after 14 years was reduced. Male students of the age of 14 years of age were increased. The average height was higher than the female 1.4~1.6cm (P0.05); the average height of men and women was no significant difference between 10~12 years (P0.05); the average height of men and women at the age of 13~18 was gradually increasing, the difference was between 4.2~13.1cm (P0.001); the height of urban students at the age of 7~11 and 15~16 was higher than that of the rural students in the 2.7~4.9cm (P0.05); the height of the students in both the 12~14 and the urban and rural students was not clear. The difference (P value is 0.05).2, the average height of all age groups in Hefei area in 2014 is generally higher than that in 2010. From the gender perspective, the average height of boys in 2014 is higher than that in 2010 2.1~4.7cm, (P0.001), but the average height of boys at the age of 7 and 16 years is not significantly different (P value is 0.083 and 0.891, 0.05, respectively); The average height of birth in 2014 was higher in 7~17 years than in 2010, and the range was between 1.0~3.1cm (P0.05), but the average height difference of 18 year old girls was not statistically significant (P=0.2750.05). From the perspective of urban and rural, the average height of urban students in 2010 was higher in 7~16 years than in 2010, and the range of growth was between 1.3~4.0cm (P value was 0). 5), and there was no obvious difference in 17~18 years. In 2014, the average height of each age group of rural students in 2010, except 16 years old (P=0.0900.05), showed a growing trend, the growth range was between 1.7~5.1cm (P0.05).3, the total physical examination rate of small and middle school students in Hefei area was 2.62%; from the town township, the urban detection rate was 1.76%, the rural area was 3.43%, and the urban detection rate was low. In the country (chi 2=9.793, P=0.0020.05), from the gender point of view, the detection rate of boys was 2.60%, girls were 2.64%, there was no statistical difference between male and female (x 2=0.006, P=0.9370.05). From the age group, the detection rate of short stature of all ages at the age of 7~18 was 1.12%~4.17%. There was no statistical difference between the small study group and the middle school group (chi square 2=). 0.214, P=0.6440.05). Conclusion 1. from this survey, we can see that the height growth curve of boys and girls in Hefei region shows a low male and female height growth curve at the age of 7-9 and 13-18 years, and there is no obvious difference between men and women at the age of 10-12 years. The other is that the average height of the city students is generally higher than that in the countryside. Except for 12 years old, the primary school group of 7~11 years old. The difference between the urban and rural areas of the students' height is more significant (3.3~4.9cm), while the difference in height between the urban and rural areas of the students in the middle school group of 13~18 years old is not very obvious. The height of the 15 and 16 year old cities is higher than that of the rural.2014 years, and the height of the students is generally higher than that of 3593 students in the Hefei area of the year.2.2014 in 2010, and 94 of the dwarf pupils are screened out, and the total detection of the dwarfism is generally detected. The rate of male dwarfism was 2.62%, in which the detection rate of male dwarfism was 2.60%, the detection rate of dwarfism in women was 2.64%, and the detection rate of dwarfism in urban area was 1.76%. The demographic characteristics of the detection rate of 3.43%. dwarfism in rural small dwarfism were: the detection rate of rural dwarfism was higher than that in the urban area, and there was no significant difference between men and women. There was no difference in the detection rate of dwarfism between the primary and middle school groups. Statistical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R725.8

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