金楊社區(qū)小學(xué)生哮喘流行狀況及社區(qū)綜合防治干預(yù)研究
[Abstract]:Research background
Bronchial asthma (bronchial asthma) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children. It not only seriously threatens the health of children, but also affects children's participation in normal social activities, causes children to be absent from class and causes a decline in academic performance. Most children asthma may develop into refractory asthma and continue to continue. Asthma. Over the last 20 years, the prevalence of asthma has increased at an alarming rate worldwide, especially in developing countries. In many areas, the prevalence of asthma has increased by nearly 1 times in 10~20 years. With the development of medicine, the Global Initiative for Asthma, referred to as GINA, and the drug control of asthma The more and more, the prevalence and fatality rate did not decrease significantly. The main reason for the lack of standardized treatment plan and the lack of common sense of asthma prevention and treatment for children and parents is the main reason. Therefore, it is a subject worthy of exploration and research to master the epidemic situation of children's asthma in the community and to use community resources to prevent and cure them.
research objective
Through the questionnaire survey, screening and diagnosis, mastering the prevalence of asthma in primary school children in Shanghai City, to implement the overall management plan of GINA for the students of asthma, to implement a targeted community integrated prevention and control measures combined with group and individualization, so as to reduce the attack and improve the quality of life of the children suffering from disease. Objective to evaluate the role of comprehensive community prevention and control in the management of childhood asthma, and explore a new community health service model for children with chronic diseases.
Method
Taking the 1-4 grade students of 6 primary schools in Jinyang community as the research object, the patients were divided into 2 groups by flow adjustment and screening. The group was divided into 2 groups randomly. The intervention group aimed at implementing the overall management plan of GINA. The control group was treated with general treatment. The control group was treated with regular treatment every quarter, followed up for one year, and the effect of prevention and control was evaluated.
Result
1. the basic situation of the survey subjects: 6 primary schools in Jinyang community, 5040 students in grade 1~4, and 4895 actual surveys. The investigation rate is 2544 of men in 97.1%. survey, 51.97% of them, and 2351 of women, accounting for 48.03%..
2. the prevalence of asthma: 110 students with a clear diagnosis, the prevalence rate was 2.25%, of which 67 were male, 60.91%, and 2.63%, 43 women, 39.09%, and 1.83%, and the proportion of male and female asthma was 1.56:1.
3. Birth weight: Among 110 asthmatic students, 9 (8.18%) were low weight infants (weighing 2 500 g), 10 (9.09%) were macrosomia (weighing 4 000 g).
4. Delivery mode at birth: Of 110 asthmatic students, 67 (60.90%) were delivered by cesarean section and 41 (37.27%) were spontaneous delivery.
5. Age of onset for the first time: Most of the Asthmatic Students in this survey were before the age of 3 years old, a total of 82 cases, accounting for 74.55% of the total number of asthmatic students.
6. the best season for asthma: the best in winter, accounting for 34.54%, followed by season and spring, the lowest in summer, accounting for 6.36%.
7. Inducing factors of asthma attack: The main cause of asthma attack was respiratory tract infection (86.36%), followed by weather changes and exercise (50.90% and 19.09%, respectively).
8. premonitory symptoms: the most common symptoms are runny nose, sneezing and stuffy nose, accounting for 69.09%.
9. seizure symptoms: the most common symptom was cough, accounting for 94.54%, followed by prolonged expiration, accounting for 47.80%.
10. seizure intensity: the most frequent episodes, 77 cases, accounting for 70%, followed by mild persistent, a total of 29 cases, accounting for 26.36%.
11. attack time: at most at night, accounting for 59.09%.
12. Allergic history: 65.45% of asthmatic students had allergic disease history. Infant eczema was the most common allergic disease, accounting for 26.36%, followed by allergic rhinitis, accounting for 21.82%.
13. family history: asthma students' first degree relatives had asthma, 14.55% of them, and two of their relatives had asthma, accounting for 10.91%.
14. Previous use of antibiotics was 95.45%, systemic hormones 80.90% and inhaled corticosteroids 37.27%.
15. peak flow meter usage: never heard of peak current meter ratio of 56.36%, used only accounted for 17.27%.
16. the effect of comprehensive prevention and control in the community: the treatment effect of children in the intervention group after 1 years of standardized management, the number of asthma attacks, the times of emergency, the number of hospitalization, the days of absence of class, and the difference of PEF (peak expiratory flow maximum expiratory flow) was significantly different from that of the control group.
17. social economic effect: the direct and indirect economic losses caused by asthma in the intervention group were obviously lower than that of the control group. The overall management plan of the community, the implementation of GINA and the comprehensive prevention and control measures could effectively control the attack of asthma, reduce the cost of medicine and improve the quality of life of the children.
18. the problems existing in the intervention: the cognition and skills of community doctors on asthma control programs have still to be improved, especially some doctors of traditional Chinese medicine; parents are not aware of GINA's asthma classification control scheme, especially on the understanding of inhaled hormone treatment; the school health veteran still lacks the prevention and monitoring skills of asthma.
conclusion
The prevalence rate of asthma in primary school pupils in Jinyang community is equal to that of the national level. The first onset age of asthma students is smaller. The incidence of asthma is closely related to the genetic factors. The main cause is still respiratory infection. Although GINA has been carried out for many years, the treatment of children with asthma is still very unstandardized, and the proportion of antibiotics and the use of systemic hormones is equal. The proportion of inhaled corticosteroids is very low. The standardized community prevention and control of asthma students can effectively control the clinical symptoms of the children, reduce the emergency and hospitalization caused by the asthma attack, improve the quality of life of the children, reduce the burden of family and society, and deserve to be popularized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:R725.6
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