220例極低出生體重兒醫(yī)院感染的臨床分析
發(fā)布時間:2018-07-21 20:36
【摘要】:目的:探討新生兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室中極低出生體重兒(Very Low BirthWeight Infant,VLBWI)醫(yī)院感染的流行病學(xué)情況、臨床特點及危險因素,為防治VLBWI醫(yī)院感染提供依據(jù)。 方法:對重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)新生兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室2010年1月至2011年12月間收治,出生體質(zhì)量<1500g、住院時間>48h的220例VLBWI醫(yī)院感染的情況進(jìn)行回顧性分析。記錄性別、胎齡、出生體質(zhì)量等一般情況及醫(yī)院感染的臨床表現(xiàn)、病原學(xué)、侵入性操作、抗感染治療、轉(zhuǎn)歸等臨床資料,SPSS19.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。根據(jù)是否發(fā)生醫(yī)院感染,分為感染組、未感染組,探討VLBWI醫(yī)院感染的危險因素,提出防控策略。 結(jié)果: 1.共220例VLBWI納入研究,感染組88例,未感染組132例。88例VLBWI發(fā)生醫(yī)院感染共125例次,平均每例感染1.4次(125/88),醫(yī)院感染率40.0%(88/220),與住院時間相關(guān)的醫(yī)院感染率19.5‰(125/6420*1000‰)。 2.非特異性感染指標(biāo)白細(xì)胞計數(shù)異常、體溫異常、C反應(yīng)蛋白增高、血小板計數(shù)降低和I/T升高在感染組的陽性率分別為47.7%、44.3%、40.9%、36.4%、19.3%,均高于未感染組且差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 3.125例次醫(yī)院感染中69.3%發(fā)生于入院3周以內(nèi),疾病/定位包括:呼吸道感染83例次(66.4%),消化道感染19例次(15.2%),敗血癥15例次(12.0%)及其他部位感染8例次(6.4%)。 4.從131份痰液、血液等標(biāo)本中培養(yǎng)分離病原菌108株,其中細(xì)菌97株,均為革蘭陰性菌,多為耐藥菌,真菌11株,敏感菌為主。革蘭陰性菌β-內(nèi)酰胺酶檢測陽性率100.0%,對青霉素類、頭孢菌素類抗生素耐藥率88.3%~97.9%,對喹諾酮類、碳青霉烯類抗生素耐藥率30%。 5.研究中VLBWI抗生素使用強(qiáng)度3.65,感染組抗生素使用強(qiáng)度3.76,非感染組抗生素使用強(qiáng)度2.32。感染組單一VLBWI抗生素消耗量(1.67±1.21)g/DDD值,,非感染組單一VLBWI抗生素消耗量(0.62±0.50)g/DDD值,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=8.927,P=0.000)。 6.感染組住院時間(44.38±25.98)天,未感染組住院時間(19.05±15.29)天,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=8.242,P=0.000)。感染組的放棄/死亡率38.6%(34/88),非感染組的放棄/死亡率37.1%(49/132),差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.052,P=0.820)。 7. Logistic回歸分析表明,住院時間>28天、機(jī)械通氣時間>72小時和脂肪乳使用>14天是VLBWI醫(yī)院感染的獨立危險因素;接收者工作曲線的曲線下面積0.830,SE=0.029,P=0.000,95%CI [0.774~0.887],模型的擬合較好。 結(jié)論: 1. VLBWI醫(yī)院感染率高,以呼吸道感染為主,明顯延長患兒住院時間,增加抗生素使用強(qiáng)度和抗生素消耗量。 2. VLBWI醫(yī)院感染病原菌以革蘭陰性菌為主,對青霉素類、頭孢菌素類抗生素耐藥率高,對喹諾酮類、碳青霉烯類抗生素耐藥率較低。 3.臨床工作中應(yīng)采取有效措施,力求縮短住院時間、機(jī)械通氣時間和脂肪乳使用時間,減少醫(yī)院感染的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of very low birthweight infantation-VLBWI infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. Methods: from January 2010 to December 2011, 220 cases of VLBWI nosocomial infection with birth weight < 1500g and hospital stay longer than 48 hours were retrospectively analyzed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chongqing Medical University. The clinical data such as sex, gestational age, birth weight, nosocomial infection, etiology, invasive operation, antiinfective therapy and prognosis were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0 software package. According to whether nosocomial infection occurs, it is divided into infected group and uninfected group. The risk factors of nosocomial infection on VLBWI are discussed, and the prevention and control strategies are put forward. Results: 1. A total of 220 cases of VLBWI were included in the study. There were 88 cases in the infection group and 132 cases in the uninfected group. There were 125 cases of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. The average infection rate was 1.4 times (125 / 88), the nosocomial infection rate was 40.0% (88 / 220), and the nosocomial infection rate was 19.5 鈥
本文編號:2136785
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of very low birthweight infantation-VLBWI infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. Methods: from January 2010 to December 2011, 220 cases of VLBWI nosocomial infection with birth weight < 1500g and hospital stay longer than 48 hours were retrospectively analyzed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chongqing Medical University. The clinical data such as sex, gestational age, birth weight, nosocomial infection, etiology, invasive operation, antiinfective therapy and prognosis were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0 software package. According to whether nosocomial infection occurs, it is divided into infected group and uninfected group. The risk factors of nosocomial infection on VLBWI are discussed, and the prevention and control strategies are put forward. Results: 1. A total of 220 cases of VLBWI were included in the study. There were 88 cases in the infection group and 132 cases in the uninfected group. There were 125 cases of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. The average infection rate was 1.4 times (125 / 88), the nosocomial infection rate was 40.0% (88 / 220), and the nosocomial infection rate was 19.5 鈥
本文編號:2136785
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