不同復發(fā)類型的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足應用Ponseti方法治療過程和結(jié)果的差異及其機制的研究
本文選題:特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足 + 季節(jié)性; 參考:《上海交通大學》2014年博士論文
【摘要】:第一部分中國東南部特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足季節(jié)發(fā)病差異及該病與髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良相關(guān)性的研究 目的:國外一些研究表明,特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足發(fā)病率存在季節(jié)性差異。但是,很少有針對于中國特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足人群季節(jié)發(fā)病差異的研究。并且作為兒童科最為常見的兩種疾病,先天性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒中髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良的發(fā)病率是否高于普通人群仍然存在爭議。本研究意在探討中國東南部地區(qū)特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足新生兒是否存在季節(jié)性發(fā)病差異,并且探討這部分特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足中髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良的發(fā)病率。 方法:本研究回顧我院2009年至2013年門診收治的所有馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒。季節(jié)發(fā)病差異研究的納入標準:(1)臨床診斷為特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足并且除外由他系統(tǒng)疾病引起的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足,如多關(guān)節(jié)攣縮、脊柱裂或脊髓脊膜膨出癥;(2)2009年9月1日至2013年8月31日出生的患兒;(3)母親妊娠期中早期居住地為中國東南六省市,包括浙江省、江蘇省、上海市、安徽省、江西省和福建;(4)足月產(chǎn)患兒;(5)漢族患兒。此外,本研究回顧我國第六次人口普查數(shù)據(jù)(2009-2010)。馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)病率研究納入標準:(1)臨床診斷為特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足并且除外其他系統(tǒng)疾病,如多關(guān)節(jié)攣縮、脊柱裂或脊髓脊膜膨出癥(2)2010年1月1日至2012年12月31日在我院就診(3)就診時年齡年齡小于6周(4)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足畸形未治療。統(tǒng)計學方法包括卡方檢驗、Kruskal Wallis秩和檢驗及Wilcoxon秩和檢驗。所有統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)均使用SAS9.2軟件包(SAS Institutes, Cary, North Carolina, USA)進行分析,以p 0.05為有統(tǒng)計學差異。 結(jié)果:共239名特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒納入季節(jié)發(fā)病差異的研究,包括177名男性患兒和62名女性患兒。239名患兒中224名在我院就診前其馬蹄內(nèi)翻足畸形未接受過任何形式的治療,僅有15名患兒接受過保守治療。191名患兒為第一胎生產(chǎn)并且所有納入研究患兒的母親分娩年齡均在30歲以下。239名特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒包括107例雙側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足和132例單側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足,,其中包括81例右側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足及51例左側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足。然而對比我國2009年至2010年上述六省市各月份和季節(jié)新生人口數(shù)量發(fā)現(xiàn),我們的特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足人群發(fā)病高峰在秋季。此外,我們并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足的嚴重程度隨著季節(jié)更替而發(fā)生變化。此外,共184名患兒納入馬蹄內(nèi)翻足中髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)病率的研究,所有184名患兒進行Graf方法髖關(guān)節(jié)超聲檢查;贕raf方法超聲分型和治療方案,共5名患兒(4名女性患兒和1名男性患兒)被診斷為髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良,本研究特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒中髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良的發(fā)病率為2.7%(5/184),但是5名髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良的患兒和184名單純馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒足畸形嚴重程度無統(tǒng)計學差異。 結(jié)論:中國東南部地區(qū)特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足發(fā)病率呈季節(jié)性變化,秋季為發(fā)病高峰?紤]到納入該研究的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足人群的民族、居住地及氣候的一致性,這部分馬蹄內(nèi)翻足人群展現(xiàn)的季節(jié)發(fā)病差異可能與其遺傳背景和居住地環(huán)境因素有關(guān)。此外,特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足新生兒人群中的髖關(guān)節(jié)發(fā)育不良的發(fā)病率高于正常新生兒人群,對于特發(fā)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足的新生兒應該進行髖關(guān)節(jié)超聲的篩查。但是,決定馬蹄內(nèi)翻足嚴重程度的因素可能并不影響髖關(guān)節(jié)的發(fā)育。 第二部分不同復發(fā)類型的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足采用Ponseti方法的治療過程及治療后功能評價 目的:雖然廣泛的后側(cè)或后內(nèi)側(cè)軟組織松解手術(shù)在很長一段時間內(nèi)在先天性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足的治療中占主要地位。但是長期隨訪研究顯示這種方法治療的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足常存在殘留畸形且容易復發(fā)。即使未出現(xiàn)畸形復發(fā)也會存在疼痛、僵硬、關(guān)節(jié)活動受限等癥狀,甚至早發(fā)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎表現(xiàn)。由于反復多次的松解手術(shù)會加重破壞關(guān)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,本研究中我們嘗試應用Ponseti方法治療廣泛的后側(cè)或后內(nèi)側(cè)軟組織松解手術(shù)后殘留畸形或畸形復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足并采用三種評分系統(tǒng)評估治療后足踝功能。此外,嘗試探討何種評分系統(tǒng)能夠更全面客觀的反映這種馬蹄內(nèi)翻足治療后足踝的功能狀況。 方法:采用Ponseti方法治療的特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足支具佩戴結(jié)束至少1年且年齡大于7歲的患兒納入本研究。將病人分為三組,I組病人:新生兒馬蹄內(nèi)翻足1歲以下即開始Ponseti方法治療且治療過程中無復發(fā);II組病人:Ponseti方法治療后復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足再次采用Ponseti方法治療;III組病人:廣泛的后側(cè)或后內(nèi)側(cè)軟組織松解手術(shù)治療后殘留畸形或復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足轉(zhuǎn)而采用Ponseti方法治療。采集的病人信息包括:性別、馬蹄內(nèi)翻足側(cè)別、出生日期、治療病史、本次Ponseti方法治療年齡、石膏固定次數(shù)。所有病人都佩戴同樣的帶有連桿的足外展支具,但是III組病人支具佩戴方案為前3個月全天佩戴,3個月后每日12-14小時佩戴1年。本研究采用三種馬蹄內(nèi)翻足評分系統(tǒng)評定治療后足踝功能,包括Laaveg和Ponseti評分系統(tǒng)、國際馬蹄內(nèi)翻足研究小組的評分系統(tǒng)和Huang等的評分系統(tǒng)(J Bone Joint Surg Br.1999;81:858-62)。所有病人治療和功能評估都由同一名醫(yī)生進行。統(tǒng)計學方法包括方差分析、卡方檢驗及Mann-Whitney秩和檢驗。所有統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)均使用SAS9.2軟件包(SAS Institutes, Cary, North Carolina, USA)進行分析,以p 0.05為有統(tǒng)計學差異。 結(jié)果:4人7足(3名男性1名女性患兒,3名雙側(cè)及1名右側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒)納入I組;5人9足(3名男性2名女性患兒,4名雙側(cè)及1名左側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒)納入II組;9人12足(6名男性3名女性患兒,3名雙側(cè)及6名單側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒,包括4名左側(cè)和2名右側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足)納入III組。I組患兒平均年齡、本次Ponseti治療年齡及石膏次數(shù)分別為7.3,0.3及4.4;II組患兒為7.8,2.4及4.3;III組患兒為9.8,7.2及7.3。統(tǒng)計學分析發(fā)現(xiàn)I組和III組病人的石膏固定次數(shù)及II組和III組病人的石膏固定次數(shù)均存在顯著統(tǒng)計學差異。三個組的病人本次Ponseti方法治療年齡兩兩比較均有統(tǒng)計學差異。I組病人和II組病人共16足,其中12足在三個評分系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果均為優(yōu)秀(Excellent),I組病人和II組病人僅各一名雙側(cè)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足病人共4足采用Laaveg和Ponseti評分系統(tǒng)的結(jié)果為良好(Good)。III組病人共12足采用Laaveg和Ponseti評分系統(tǒng)的評分結(jié)果3足為優(yōu)秀(Excellent)、8足良好(Good)、1足一般(Fair),采用國際馬蹄內(nèi)翻足研究小組(ICFSG)的評分系統(tǒng)的評分結(jié)果8足良好(Good)、4足一般(Fair),采用Huang等的評分系統(tǒng)的評分結(jié)果12足均為良好(Good)。無論采用何種評分系統(tǒng)進行功能評估,III組病人足踝功能均差于I組和II組病人,但是I組和II組病人的足踝功能評分無差異。此外,對III組病人進行功能評估時,三個評分系統(tǒng)的功能評估結(jié)果一致性較差。 結(jié)論:雖然需要更多的石膏固定次數(shù)和更長的治療周期,本研究結(jié)果顯示進行過廣泛的后側(cè)或后內(nèi)側(cè)軟組織松解手術(shù)后殘留畸形或者畸形復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足轉(zhuǎn)而采用Ponseti方法治療仍然可以恢復基本正常的足踝外形,同時避免了進一步破壞足踝軟骨、骨骼及周圍軟組織。然而,恢復正常的足踝外形不代表恢復了正常的足踝功能。此外,由于Laaveg和Ponseti評分系統(tǒng)主觀評分過多并且Huang等的評分系統(tǒng)各項評分的分值不夠精細,我們推薦采用國際馬蹄內(nèi)翻足研究小組(ICFSG)的評分系統(tǒng)對進行過廣泛的后側(cè)或后內(nèi)側(cè)軟組織松解手術(shù)后殘留畸形或者畸形復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足轉(zhuǎn)而采用Ponseti方法治療后的足踝功能進行評估。 第三部分軟組織松解手術(shù)后復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足采用Ponseti方法治療過程及治療后功能差異機制的初步研究 目的:進行過廣泛軟組織松解手術(shù)后殘留畸形或者畸形復發(fā)的特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足轉(zhuǎn)而采用Ponseti方法治療需要更多的石膏固定次數(shù)和更長的治療周期。雖然通過系統(tǒng)的治療可以恢復基本正常的足踝外形,卻無法恢復正常的足踝關(guān)節(jié)及跗骨間關(guān)節(jié)的活動度和功能。本研究從分子生物學和影像學骨骼三維重建分析兩方面初步探討造成這類馬蹄內(nèi)翻足治療過程及結(jié)果差異可能的機制。 方法:取材特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足松解手術(shù)中切除的距舟關(guān)節(jié)及跟骰關(guān)節(jié)韌帶進行成纖維細胞原代培養(yǎng)。2名患兒的距舟及跟骰韌帶組織原代培養(yǎng)的成纖維細胞在FX-5000細胞牽張拉伸應力加載系統(tǒng)中分別施加持續(xù)8h和16h20%拉伸長度牽拉刺激及持續(xù)48h和96h10%拉伸長度牽拉刺激,對應力刺激前后的細胞進行COL1A1、COL1A2、COL3A1、α-SMA、TNC、vimentin、TGF-β1、TGF-β2及TGF-β3的Real-time PCR檢測以及vimentin和COL3A1的Western-blot檢測,并透射電子顯微鏡觀察刺激前后細胞內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)及核糖體的變化情況。此外,各隨機選取1名同年齡的Ponseti方法治療未經(jīng)歷復發(fā)的馬蹄內(nèi)翻足患兒及1名Ponseti方法治療松解術(shù)后復發(fā)的患兒進行矢狀位T1和T2信號的3.0T足踝核磁共振平掃。平掃層厚2mm,層距1mm,每名患兒每個序列共20層平掃圖像。在Mimics v10.01軟件中分別勾勒距骨和脛腓骨下段骨骼輪廓并重建骨骼三維模型。導入Imageware v13.2軟件后沿踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸運動軸背屈方向轉(zhuǎn)動重建后的距骨模型25°,分析移動前后的距骨在冠狀面旋后及水平面外旋的角度。統(tǒng)計學方法:單因素方差分析。所有統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)均使用SAS9.2軟件包(SASInstitutes, Cary, North Carolina, USA)進行分析,以p 0.05為有統(tǒng)計學差異。 結(jié)果:Real-time PCR實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):8h和16h20%拉伸長度的牽拉刺激下,本研究檢測的基因表達均未出現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定的下調(diào),但是COL-III、vimentin和TGF-β3的mRNA在10%拉伸長度牽拉刺激下超過48h以后開始表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定的表達下調(diào)。并且western-blot實驗中COL-III和vimentin蛋白在10%拉伸長度牽拉刺激下超過48h后同樣出現(xiàn)表達下調(diào)。此外,透射電子顯微鏡研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的擴張程度及核糖體的腫脹程度在10%拉伸長度牽拉刺激96h后均有明顯緩解。采用Ponseti方法治療成功未經(jīng)歷復發(fā)的患兒足踝骨骼三維重建模型(模型I)的踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸運動軸傾斜角為13.9°,采用Ponseti方法治療松解術(shù)后復發(fā)的患兒畸形矯正后足踝骨骼三維重建模型(模型II)的踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸運動軸傾斜角為7.2°。距骨沿踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸運動軸背屈方向轉(zhuǎn)動25°后,模型I的距骨在冠狀面旋后的角度為9.1°,同時在水平面外旋的角度為4.5°;模型II的距骨在冠狀面旋后的角度為3.7°,同時在水平面外旋的角度為2.7°。結(jié)論:較長時間、較小拉伸長度的靜態(tài)牽拉更能有效地降低進行過廣泛的軟組織松解手術(shù)的特發(fā)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足攣縮的軟組織成纖維細胞的COL-III和vimentin等細胞外基質(zhì)表達,TGF-β信號通路可能參與了松解手術(shù)后復發(fā)特發(fā)馬蹄內(nèi)翻足采用Ponseti方法治療中這些細胞外基質(zhì)的表達的調(diào)控。軟組織松解手術(shù)的特發(fā)性馬蹄內(nèi)翻足踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸運動軸傾斜角減小,踝關(guān)節(jié)活動受限的可能是距骨形態(tài)改變影響了踝關(guān)節(jié)屈伸運動軸傾斜角而造成的。
[Abstract]:Study on the difference of seasonal onset and the correlation between the disease and the dysplasia of the hip joint in the first part of the idiopathic horseshoe crab in the southeast of China
Objective : Some studies abroad have shown that there is a seasonal difference in the incidence of idiopathic horse - hoof turnover . However , there is little study on the prevalence of hip dysplasia among children with idiopathic horseshoe crab . The study is intended to explore the seasonal difference of hip dysplasia in children with idiopathic horseshoe crab in southeastern China , and to explore the incidence of hip dysplasia in the idiopathic horseshoe crab .
Methods : This study retrospectively reviewed the inclusion criteria of seasonal onset differences in all patients hospitalized in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 : ( 1 ) clinical diagnosis was idiopathic horseshoe - pronation with the exception of hoof - pronation caused by his system disease , such as multi - joint contracture , bifida bifida or meningocele ;
( 2 ) Children born from September 1 , 2009 to August 31 , 2013 ;
( 3 ) The early place of residence in the mother ' s pregnancy is six provinces and cities in Southeast China , including Zhejiang , Jiangsu , Shanghai , Anhui , Jiangxi and Fujian provinces ;
( 4 ) Children with full - term birth ;
( 5 ) Children with Han nationality . In addition , this study reviewed the sixth population census data in China ( 2009 - 2010 ) . The study included standard : ( 1 ) The clinical diagnosis was idiopathic horseshoe and other system diseases , such as multi - joint contracture , spinal bifida or spinal meningocele ( 2 ) were not treated in our hospital from January 1 , 2010 to December 31 , 2012 . Statistical methods include chi - square test , Kruskal ' s rank sum test and Wilcoxon rank sum test . All statistical data were analyzed using SAS9.2 software package ( SAS Institutes , Cary , North Carolina , USA ) , with a statistically significant difference of p 0.05 .
Results : A total of 239 children were enrolled in the study of seasonal onset , including 177 male children and 62 female children . Among the 239 children , 224 were treated with conservative treatment .
Conclusion : There is seasonal change in the incidence of idiopathic horseshoe crab in the southeast of China , which is the peak in autumn . Considering the national , place of residence and climate consistency , the incidence of hip dysplasia may be related to the genetic background and environmental factors . In addition , the incidence of hip dysplasia among the infants with idiopathic horseshoe crab is higher than that of the normal newborns . However , the factors that determine the severity of intra - horseshoe turn - over may not affect the development of the hip joint .
Treatment course and post - treatment function evaluation of Ponseti ' s method in the second part with different recurrence types .
Objective : Although extensive posterior or posterior soft tissue release surgery is a major role in the treatment of congenital clubfoot over a long period of time .
Methods : The Ponseti method was used to treat patients with idiopathic horseshoe pronation with end at least 1 year and older than 7 years old . The patients were divided into three groups , group I : the newborn horseshoe was turned over 1 year old , the Ponseti method was started and no recurrence occurred during the treatment .
Group II patients : Ponseti was treated with Ponseti method again after Ponseti ' s treatment .
Group III patients : extensive posterior or posterior internal soft tissue release surgery for residual deformity or recurrent horseshoe turn - over to Ponseti ' s method . The patient information collected includes : sex , intra - horseshoe roll - over , date of birth , medical history , the Ponseti method treatment age , the number of plaster fixations . All patients wear the same foot abduction brace with links , and 3 months after 3 months of wear for 1 year . This study evaluated the post - treatment ankle function with three horse - hoof roll - over scoring systems ( J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1999 ; 81 : 858 - 62 ) . All patient treatment and functional assessments were performed by the same doctor . Statistical methods included variance analysis , chi - square test and Mann - Whitney rank and test . All statistical data were analyzed using SAS9.2 software package ( SAS Institutes , Cary , North Carolina , USA ) , with a statistically significant difference of p 0.05 .
Results : 4 patients ( 3 men , 1 female , 3 bilateral and 1 right horseshoe crab ) were included in group I ;
Five patients ( 3 men , 2 female , 4 bilateral and 1 left foot - hoof children ) were included in group II ;
Nine out of 12 children ( 6 men , 3 women , 3 bilateral and 6 children with horseshoe pronation , including 4 left and 2 right horseshoe crabs ) were included in group III . The average age of children in group I was 7.3 , 0.3 and 4.4 , respectively .
The children in group II were 7.8 , 2.4 and 4.3 ;
In group III patients , there were significant differences in the number of plaster fixation in group I and group III patients and the number of plaster fixation in group II and group III . The results of the scoring system of group I and Ponseti were excellent ( Good ) , 4 - foot general ( Fair ) and Huang et al .
Conclusion : Although more plaster fixation times and longer treatment cycles are needed , the results of this study have shown that after extensive posterior or posterior internal soft tissue release surgery , residual deformity or recurrent deformity of the ankle can be recovered by Ponseti method , while avoiding further damage to the ankle cartilage , bone and surrounding soft tissue . However , the normal ankle profile does not represent the restoration of normal ankle function .
A preliminary study on the mechanism of Ponseti ' s treatment and post - treatment functional difference after soft tissue release in the third part .
Objective : To study the activity and function of foot ankle joint and tarsal joint in patients with residual deformity or recurrent deformity after extensive soft tissue lysis .
Methods : The primary culture of primary cultured fibroblasts was carried out in primary culture of idiopathic horseshoe crab . The results showed that the distance between the two groups was 2 mm and 20 % . The results showed that all the statistical data were analyzed by SAS9.2 software package ( SASW , Cary , North Carolina , USA ) .
Results : The results showed that the expression of COL - III , vimentin and TGF - 尾3 had no stable downregulation at 10 % elongation at 10 % .
Conclusion : For a long time , the static traction of small tensile length can effectively reduce the expression of COL - III and vimentin in soft tissue fibroblasts , such as COL - III and vimentin of soft tissue fibroblasts .
【學位授予單位】:上海交通大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R726.8
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