本文選題：課業(yè)簿冊 + 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景和研究目的 視力不良是我國和東亞地區(qū)兒童青少年的常見病、多發(fā)病之一,嚴(yán)重影響了兒童青少年的健康成長和生活質(zhì)量。在過去的20年里,我國兒童青少年學(xué)生的視力不良檢出率持續(xù)上升。自2007年中共中央、國務(wù)院《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)青少年體育增強(qiáng)青少年體質(zhì)的意見》頒布以來,青少年防近工作成為提高青少年體質(zhì)的一項重要內(nèi)容。為實現(xiàn)“近視發(fā)生率明顯下降”的工作目標(biāo),教育、衛(wèi)生等部門已采取多種干預(yù)措施以降低、減緩學(xué)生視力不良及近視的發(fā)生發(fā)展。 課業(yè)簿冊構(gòu)成學(xué)生近距離用眼作業(yè)時重要視覺環(huán)境因素之一。然而,學(xué)生家長、教師普遍反映目前學(xué)生課業(yè)簿冊行高不足、留空過窄,迫使學(xué)生書寫過小字體。事實上,正是由于我國沒有關(guān)于課業(yè)簿冊視覺衛(wèi)生方面的規(guī)定,特別是缺乏課業(yè)簿冊格線規(guī)格的相關(guān)規(guī)定作為參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn),簿冊生產(chǎn)廠家僅憑經(jīng)驗來確定每種簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張上所印格線的大小,導(dǎo)致課業(yè)簿冊行間距過窄現(xiàn)象普遍。 本研究目的在于：運(yùn)用定量研究方法,從多個角度研究不同年級、不同學(xué)科中小學(xué)生課業(yè)簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張格線的適宜尺寸,為正在制訂的中小學(xué)課業(yè)簿冊衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中簿冊格線規(guī)格的確定提供循證依據(jù)。 對象與方法 采用現(xiàn)況研究設(shè)計,在前期“中小學(xué)教室光環(huán)境改造三年行動計劃一學(xué)生視力跟蹤監(jiān)測項目”的抽樣框架中選取徐匯、虹口兩個區(qū),共計12所樣本中小學(xué)校,整群抽取二、三、四、七年級的全部學(xué)生、全部家長和部分教師進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查。通過視力跟蹤監(jiān)測項目收集的學(xué)生視力數(shù)據(jù),獲取每個學(xué)生于2009、2010年進(jìn)行的2次視力檢查及屈光測定的結(jié)果,結(jié)合本次調(diào)查了解中小學(xué)生與簿冊有關(guān)的書寫行為,分析中小學(xué)生在現(xiàn)行格線規(guī)格的簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張上寫小字行為與視力不良或近視發(fā)生發(fā)展的關(guān)系；將現(xiàn)行使用的課業(yè)簿冊與周邊國家或地區(qū)簿冊格線規(guī)格進(jìn)行對比,結(jié)合視光學(xué)研究成果,打樣生產(chǎn)不同種類、不同格線規(guī)格的簿冊在學(xué)生本人、學(xué)生家長、教師中試用,以確定哪一種格線規(guī)格的書寫用眼比較省力、書寫速度比較快、格線高度最合適、整體視覺舒適度最好,進(jìn)而提出簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張格線規(guī)格的適宜尺寸。 結(jié)果 研究結(jié)果表明,目前上海市中小學(xué)生寫小字現(xiàn)象普遍,被調(diào)查對象中,超過30%的學(xué)生本人自我報告(二年級學(xué)生由家長報告)日常書寫時寫小字,經(jīng)過調(diào)查員客觀判斷發(fā)現(xiàn),近40%的學(xué)生在現(xiàn)行使用的1#課業(yè)簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張上書寫時寫小字,寫小字已經(jīng)成為一個不容忽視的近距離書寫問題。 部分年級的學(xué)生中,寫小字組與不寫小字組在2010年視力檢查及屈光測定時裸眼視力、等效球面鏡值、眼軸長度、疑似近視檢出率等指標(biāo)的差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。其中,七年級學(xué)生,寫小字組2010年裸眼視力值顯著低于不寫小字組；三年級學(xué)生雖也有同樣的趨勢,但對比組之間差異不具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。二年級學(xué)生,寫小字組2010年等效球面鏡值顯著高于不寫小字組。七年級學(xué)生,寫小字組2010年疑似近視檢出率顯著高于不寫小字組；二、三年級學(xué)生雖也有同樣的趨勢,但對比組之間差異不具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 部分年級的學(xué)生中,寫小字組與不寫小字組在2009-2010年2次視力檢查及屈光測定時裸眼視力增加值、等效球面鏡增加值、眼軸長度增加值、疑似近視新發(fā)病率等指標(biāo)的差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。其中,寫小字組與不寫小字組的裸眼視力增加值、等效球面鏡增加值、眼軸長度增加值在各個年級中差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。三年級學(xué)生,寫小字組2009-2010年疑似近視新發(fā)病率顯著高于不寫小字組；二、七年級學(xué)生雖也有同樣的趨勢,但對比組之間差異不具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 分別以疑似近視檢出與否、疑似近視新發(fā)病與否為因變量,分別以學(xué)生自我報告(二年級學(xué)生由家長報告)在作業(yè)本上寫小字和客觀判斷學(xué)生寫小字為自變量,控制性別、父親或母親600度以上近視、不良用眼習(xí)慣、孩子的學(xué)習(xí)壓力、每日室外活動時間、每日用電腦時間、每日睡眠時間等因素的混雜作用,運(yùn)用二分類多元Logistic回歸模型分析寫小字行為預(yù)測疑似近視檢出與否、疑似近視新發(fā)病與否的相對危險度(OR值)。結(jié)果顯示,七年級學(xué)生自我報告在作業(yè)本上寫小字預(yù)測疑似近視檢出情況的OR值是1.717(1.045-2.821)。提示七年級學(xué)生日常在作業(yè)本上寫小字會使疑似近視檢出的風(fēng)險增加71.7%。三年級學(xué)生自我報告在作業(yè)本上寫小字預(yù)測疑似近視新發(fā)病的OR值是1.819(1.076-3.075)。提示三年級學(xué)生日常在作業(yè)本上寫小字更容易新發(fā)疑似近視。 通過試用三種格線規(guī)格不同的新型簿冊,各年級學(xué)生家長和授課教師普遍認(rèn)為,研究組確定的2#簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張的格線高度最合適、整體視覺舒適度最好。三年級以上學(xué)生也大都傾向于認(rèn)為在2#簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張上書寫用眼比較省力、書寫速度比較快、格線高度最合適、整體視覺舒適度最好。提示研究組確定的簿冊內(nèi)芯紙張格線規(guī)格可以應(yīng)用到中小學(xué)課業(yè)簿冊衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,以指導(dǎo)、規(guī)范課業(yè)簿冊內(nèi)芯格線規(guī)格的生產(chǎn)。 結(jié)論 上海市中小學(xué)生寫小字情況比較嚴(yán)重,課業(yè)簿冊格線規(guī)格過小問題比較突出,中小學(xué)生日常在作業(yè)本上寫小字增加患近視的風(fēng)險。兒童青少年具備近點(diǎn)距離較短,眼球調(diào)節(jié)能力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),長時間近距離用眼容易造成視疲勞。本次調(diào)查提示我們,必須通過各種渠道,加大對中小學(xué)生近視的預(yù)防及寫小字習(xí)慣危害的宣傳教育力度,使學(xué)生本人、學(xué)生家長、授課教師了解更多相關(guān)知識,消除錯誤觀點(diǎn),增強(qiáng)學(xué)生自我保護(hù)視力的意識和能力。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose of study

The poor eyesight is one of the most common diseases in children and adolescents in China and East Asia , which seriously affects the healthy growth and quality of life of children and adolescents .

However , students ' parents and teachers generally reflect the shortage of students ' books and books , and force the students to write their small fonts . In fact , it is precisely because our country has no provisions on the visual health of books and books , especially the lack of the relevant provisions of the book grid specifications of the books industry as the reference standard , and the book manufacturers only use their experience to determine the size of the screen printed on the core paper in each book .

The purpose of this study is to study the appropriate size of the core paper grids in different grades , different subjects and primary and middle school students from various angles and to provide evidence - based evidence for the determination of the size of books in books and books in the middle and middle schools .

object and method

Based on the current research and design , we selected Xuhui and Hongkou in the sample frame of the three - year plan of action plan for light environment transformation of primary and middle schools in the early stage . All the students , parents and some teachers from the second , third , fourth and seventh grades were investigated by means of visual tracking .
By comparing the existing books of books and books with surrounding countries or regions , combining with the results of optical research , the books of different types and different grid specifications are tried in the students themselves , parents and teachers so as to determine which grid specification writing eyes are more labor - saving , the writing speed is quick , the grid height is the most suitable , the overall visual comfort is the best , and the appropriate size of the core paper grid specification in the book book is further proposed .

Results

The results show that in the present study , more than 30 % of students ' self - reporting ( second - grade students are reported by parents ) are written in daily written form , and the objective judgment of investigators finds that nearly 40 % of students write small words on the core paper in the existing 1 # curriculum book , which has become an important writing problem that cannot be ignored .

The difference of the visual acuity , the equivalent spherical lens value , the length of the eye axis and the detection rate of the suspected myopia was statistically significant in the students of the first grade , while the visual acuity , the equivalent spherical mirror value , the length of the eye axis and the detection rate of the suspected myopia were statistically significant .
Although there are similar trends in the third - grade students , the difference between the two grades is not statistically significant . In the second - grade students , the equivalent spherical mirror value of the second - grade students is significantly higher than that in the non - writing group .
Second , although there were similar trends in the third - grade students , the difference between the comparative groups was not statistically significant .

There was no significant difference in the visual acuity of naked eyes , the added value of the equivalent spherical mirror , the increase of the length of the eye axis and the new incidence of suspected myopia in the students of the first grade . Among them , there was no significant difference in the values of the visual acuity of naked eyes , the added value of the equivalent spherical mirror , the increase of the length of the eye axis and the new incidence of myopia .
Second , although there were similar trends in the seventh grade students , the difference between the comparative groups was not statistically significant .

The results showed that the OR value of students ' self - reporting on the homework book was 1.717 ( 1.045 - 2.821 ) . The results showed that the OR value of students ' self - reporting on homework was 1.717 ( 1.045 - 2.821 ) .

It is generally accepted by parents and teachers in all grades that the grid height of the core paper in the 2 # book is the best , and the overall visual comfort is the best . Most of the students in the third grade tend to think that the paper grid specification can be applied to the middle and middle school books hygiene standards to guide and regulate the production of the core wire specifications in the book book .

Conclusion

This investigation suggests that we must strengthen the propaganda and education on the prevention and writing of myopia of primary and middle school students by various channels , so as to make students themselves , students and parents , teaching teachers understand more relevant knowledge , eliminate erroneous views and enhance students ' awareness and ability of self - protection vision .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R174

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